摘要
单克隆抗体（mAb）是批准用于治疗多种类型恶性肿瘤的一类重要治疗剂。然而，在某些情况下，常规mAb的应用在抗癌免疫疗法中具有若干限制。这些限制包括功效不足和副作用。抗体的抗原结合片段具有克服常规mAb的缺点的相当大的潜力，例如对实体瘤的渗透性差和免疫系统的Fc介导的旁观者激活。抗体片段保留了常规mAb的抗原特异性和部分功能特性，同时具有更好的穿透肿瘤和大大降低的不良反应水平。抗体工程中的最新优点允许产生具有改进的结构和性质的不同类型的抗体片段，以有效消除肿瘤细胞。这些分子为抗癌治疗开辟了新的视角。在这里，我们将概述各种类型的抗体片段的结构特征及其作为单独分子和作为复合缀合物或结构的一部分的抗癌疗法的应用。本综述将讨论抗体片段的抗肿瘤作用机制以及它们在临床应用中的优缺点。
关键词: 抗肿瘤治疗，单克隆抗体，单克隆抗体片段，肿瘤细胞死亡，配体靶向药物，靶向纳米颗粒，免疫细胞因子，双特异性抗体。
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