摘要
背景：口服抗凝剂预防血栓栓塞性疾病，主要是中风，仍然是心房颤动患者的主要治疗目标。不幸的是，尽管具有高效率，但抗凝治疗与显着的灾难性和出血性并发症的风险相关。在与出血风险增加相关的不同临床和实验室参数中，已经识别了几种生物学标记，并且已经开发了各种出血风险评分。 目标/方法：本研究的目的是回顾有关与心房颤动患者出血风险升高相关的不同生物标志物的现有证据。 结果：源自大型队列的数据或最近的大规模心房颤动试验已将许多个体生物标志物与出血风险增加联系起来。这种关系揭示了心脏生理学的标志，如肌钙蛋白，BNP和NT-proBNP，肾功能标志物，如GFR和胱抑素或肝功能，涉及凝血系统的标志物，如D-二聚体和冯维勒布兰德因子，血液学标志物，如低血红蛋白或低血小板，炎症标志物，如白细胞介素-6，其他因素如GDF-15和维生素E，最后是遗传多态性。许多此类生物标记物被纳入用于预测出血风险的出血风险图谱中。 结论：生物标志物被引入临床实践中，以便更好地估计这些患者出血的潜在风险，并增加临床风险评分的预后影响。在过去几年中，这一概念变得非常重要。
关键词: 心房纤颤，出血，出血风险评分，生物标志物，心房颤动并发症，HAS-BLED评分，颅内出血，抗凝血剂。
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