Abstract
Background: Despite the high prevalence of viral hepatic cirrhosis all over the world, the characteristic motor features of related Parkinsonism (extrapyramidal manifestations) are not well described. The current study aimed to characterize such disorder in a sample of Egyptian patients with chronic viral liver disease (CLD), and their clinical correlates.
Methods: Ninety-six (96) patients with CLD were examined for the presence of extrapyramidal signs. Parkinsonism was assessed using the UPDRS-III scale and its sub scores. Ataxia and dystonia were also assessed by related scales. Patients with Parkinsonism were compared to other patients and correlations with clinical features of CLD were done.
Results: The clinical diagnosis of extrapyramidal manifestations was justified in 57 patients (59.4%) with predominant akinetic rigid syndrome (ARS) (87.7%). Bradykinesia and axial features were the most frequent signs (89.5% and 70.2%, respectively). 38.6% of patients had postural tremors, whereas only 3.5% had rest tremors. Gait and postural abnormalities were detected in 38.6% and 36.8% respectively. Parkinsonism was associated with advanced hepatic cirrhosis (p=0.02) and increased episodes of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (p=0.006). Severity of parkinsonian features was correlated to patients' age, age of onset of CLD and rapid progression, while impaired speech and gait were rather correlated to a number of episodes of HE.
Conclusion: Advanced viral cirrhosis is associated with high prevalence of parkinsonism that is characterized by symmetrical ARS with frequent axial features, postural tremor, gait and postural impairment. Severity of these signs is correlated to age, age of onset, rapid progression and frequency of HE.
Keywords: Chronic liver disease, extrapyramidal, hepatic encephalopathy, parkinsonism, UPDRS-III scale, viral.
Graphical Abstract
Related Journals
Applied Drug Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs
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