Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects about 47.5 million people worldwide, a number that is expected to double every 20 years. Available treatments are only palliative because none of the cholinomimetic agents is curative or preventive and they mostly come with severe side effects. The discovery of safer and more effective medications is an unmet healthcare need. Penianthus longifolius is an herbal medicine with strong cholinomimetic activity.
Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify the bioactive components responsible for the observed activities. Method: Aqueous extract of the leaves of P. longifolius was subjected to liquid-liquid fractionation and was tested for cholinomimetic properties in an organ bath experiment and for free radical scavenging properties using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The aqueous fraction was further fractionated using HP20 and the HP20 fractions were analyzed using HPLC-DAD. The components were identified by dereplication. Results: Results showed that the extracts had a dose dependent response antioxidant activity in addition to the cholinomimetic property which had been reported. The dereplication analysis showed that the compounds responsible for the activities observed were vitexin, isovitexin and other apigenin glycosides. Conclusion: With the antioxidant activity and cholinomimetic activity mediated through muscarinic receptors, P. longifolius leaf extract deserves further attention as a potential source of anti-Alzheimer’s medication.Keywords: Alzheimer’s, cholinomimetic, P. longifolius, dementia, antioxidant, muscarinic.
Graphical Abstract
The Natural Products Journal
Title:Vitexin with its Derivatives is Responsible for the Cholinomimetic Properties of Penianthus longifolius Extract which Stimulates Muscarinic Receptors
Volume: 7 Issue: 3
Author(s): Kenneth Gerald Ngwoke*, Chinazo Ezenkwu, Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku and Peter Proksch
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka,Nigeria
Keywords: Alzheimer’s, cholinomimetic, P. longifolius, dementia, antioxidant, muscarinic.
Abstract: Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects about 47.5 million people worldwide, a number that is expected to double every 20 years. Available treatments are only palliative because none of the cholinomimetic agents is curative or preventive and they mostly come with severe side effects. The discovery of safer and more effective medications is an unmet healthcare need. Penianthus longifolius is an herbal medicine with strong cholinomimetic activity.
Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify the bioactive components responsible for the observed activities. Method: Aqueous extract of the leaves of P. longifolius was subjected to liquid-liquid fractionation and was tested for cholinomimetic properties in an organ bath experiment and for free radical scavenging properties using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The aqueous fraction was further fractionated using HP20 and the HP20 fractions were analyzed using HPLC-DAD. The components were identified by dereplication. Results: Results showed that the extracts had a dose dependent response antioxidant activity in addition to the cholinomimetic property which had been reported. The dereplication analysis showed that the compounds responsible for the activities observed were vitexin, isovitexin and other apigenin glycosides. Conclusion: With the antioxidant activity and cholinomimetic activity mediated through muscarinic receptors, P. longifolius leaf extract deserves further attention as a potential source of anti-Alzheimer’s medication.Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ngwoke Gerald Kenneth *, Ezenkwu Chinazo, Ajaghaku Lotanna Daniel and Proksch Peter , Vitexin with its Derivatives is Responsible for the Cholinomimetic Properties of Penianthus longifolius Extract which Stimulates Muscarinic Receptors, The Natural Products Journal 2017; 7 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315507666170417171247
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315507666170417171247 |
Print ISSN 2210-3155 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2210-3163 |
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Bentham Author Support Services (BASS)
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Treating Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Related to Arterial Stiffness. Can we Kill Two Birds With One Stone?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Patents Review in siRNA Delivery for Pulmonary Disorders
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Effect of Flavonoids on Human Health: Old Subjects but New Challenges
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Squalene as Novel Food Factor
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Identification of Inflammatory, Metabolic, and Cell Survival Pathways Contributing to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease by Postmortem Gene Expression Microarray
Current Neurovascular Research Volume Measurement in the Diagnosis of Mounier Kuhn Syndrome and an Unknown Accompanying Pathology: Pulmonary Artery Enlargement
Current Medical Imaging Impact of Active Antihyperglycemic Components as Herbal Therapy for Preventive Health Care Management of Diabetes
Current Molecular Medicine Mobile Phone Based Health Care Technology
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Neuropeptide - Adipose Tissue Communication and Intestinal Pathophysiology
Current Pharmaceutical Design Melatonin Receptor Agonists: SAR and Applications to the Treatment of Sleep-Wake Disorders
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Cannabinoids and Cardiovascular Disease: The Outlook for Clinical Treatments
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Protective Effect of DL0805 Derivatives on Pulmonary Artery Cells and the Underlying Mechanisms Study
Current Vascular Pharmacology Does the Acupoint Specificity Exist? Evidence from Functional Neuroimaging Studies
Current Medical Imaging Review of Clinic Trials: Agents Targeting c-Met
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Vasopressin Secretion Control: Central Neural Pathways, Neurotransmitters and Effects of Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design QSAR Studies on some Calcium Channel Blockers
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Current Pharmaceutical Design Planar Chip Sensors for Assessment of Nicotine
Current Analytical Chemistry Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure: Challenges and Solutions
Current Cardiology Reviews Review: Metabolism of Immunosuppressant Drugs
Current Drug Metabolism