Abnormalities in Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism in Treatment-Resistant Depression and Suicidality: A Systematic Review

Title:Abnormalities in Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism in Treatment-Resistant Depression and Suicidality: A Systematic Review

Volume: 16 Issue: 4

Author(s): Gianluca Serafini*, Giulia Adavastro, Giovanna Canepa, Laura Capobianco, Claudia Conigliaro, Federica Pittaluga, Martino Belvederi Murri, Alessandro Valchera, Domenico De Berardis, Maurizio Pompili, Daniel Lindqvist, Lena Brundin and Mario Amore

Affiliation:

• Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa,Italy

Keywords: Kynurenine pathway, quinolinic acid, suicidal behavior, treatment-resistant depression, tryptophan, metabolism.

Abstract: Treatment resistant depression (TRD) and suicidal behavior are among the most important public health problems and are commonly associated with significant disability and psychosocial impairment. Although there have been recent advances in identifying the neurobiological correlates of these complex conditions, their pathophysiology still remains unclear. Compared to non-suicidal subjects, higher mean concentrations of inflammatory mediators have been found in both the periphery and brain of individuals at risk for suicide. Several lines of evidence suggest that neuroinflammation is accompanied by a dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in both TRD and suicidal individuals, resulting in an imbalance of neuroactive metabolites. In particular, neuroinflammation may trigger an increased production of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist quinolinic acid and a concomitant reduction of neuroprotective metabolites, potentially causing downstream effects in glutamatergic systems resulting in depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. This systematic review of the current literature is mainly aimed to summarize the most important evidence pertaining to KP metabolism abnormalities in TRD and suicidal behavior. Targeting the KP enzymes may provide innovative approaches in the management of both TRD and suicidality.

Cite this article as:

Serafini Gianluca*, Adavastro Giulia, Canepa Giovanna, Capobianco Laura, Conigliaro Claudia, Pittaluga Federica, Murri Belvederi Martino, Valchera Alessandro, De Berardis Domenico, Pompili Maurizio, Lindqvist Daniel, Brundin Lena and Amore Mario, Abnormalities in Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism in Treatment-Resistant Depression and Suicidality: A Systematic Review, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2017; 16 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527316666170413110605