Abstract
Bacterial infections remain a major threat to the world community in terms of both morbidity and mortality. Indeed, bacterial infections are accountable for millions of fatalities around the globe. Additionally, these bacterial infections represent a notable burden, in particular, for children living in less-developed regions of the world. There are a numbers of classes of antibiotics for the treatment of these complicated and uncomplicated infections. But most of them are struggling with the current challenge of resistance. Obviously, resistance to current antibiotic is a global issue as greatly caused therapeutic outcome and patient compliance. The current researchers are looking towards natural product specially plant-based product for effective and long term solutions. In this regard, alkaloids represent a very important therapeutic class of natural products with clinical significance. The review describes the antibacterial profile of plant based alkaloids. Alkaloid acts as an emerging therapy for bacterial infections by inhibiting a broad range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria that were mostly resistant to current therapies. It was concluded that these alkaloids could be useful and effective therapeutic alternative to existing therapies that are extensively facing challenges of resistance. The current need is to focus on the clinical and safety aspects of these reported preclinical studies. Thus, it could be expected that plant alkaloids will be the popular drugs of future.
Keywords: Plant-alkaloids, bacterial infection, preclinical antibacterial effects, effective alternative, nosocomial infections, self-medication.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Choi, J.Y.; Kwak, Y.G.; Yoo, H.; Lee, S.O.; Kim, H.B.; Han, S.H.; Choi, H.J.; Kim, Y.K.; Kim, S.R.; Kim, T.H.; Lee, H.; Chun, H.K.; Kim, J.S.; Eun, B.W.; Kim, D.W.; Koo, H.S.; Bae, G.R.; Lee, K. Trends in the incidence rate of device-associated infections in intensive care units after the establishment of the korean nosocomial infections surveillance system. J. Hosp. Infect., 2015, 91(1), 28-34.
[2]
Buommino, E.; Scognamiglio, M.; Donnarumma, G.; Fiorentino, A.; D’Abrosca, B. Recent advances in natural product-based anti-biofilm approaches to control infections. Mini Rev. Med. Chem., 2014, 14(14), 1169-1182.
[3]
Pea, F. Antimicrobial treatment of bacterial infections in frail elderly patients: the difficult balance between efficacy, safety and tolerability. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2015, 24, 18-22.
[4]
Maxwell, F.; Wilfred, F.; Jones, J.; Mildred, W. Occurance of serious bacterial infections since introduction of antibacterial agents. JAMA, 1959, 170(18), 2188-2198.
[5]
Levine, M.M.B. kaper, J.; E.Black, R.; Clements, M.L. New knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial eenteric infections as applied to vaccine development. Microbiol. Rev., 1983, 47(4), 510-550.
[6]
Liu, L.; Chen, Y-Y.; Qin, X-J.; Wang, B.; Jin, Q.; Liu, Y-P.; Luo, X-D. Antibacterial monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris cultivated in temperate zone. Fitoterapia, 2015, 105, 160-164.
[7]
Rinaldi, M.V.N.; Díaz, I.E.C.; Suffredini, I.B.; Moreno, P.R.H. Alkaloids and biological activity of beribá (Annona hypoglauca). Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., 2017, 27(1), 77-83.
[8]
Khan, H.; Khan, M.A.; Mahmood, T.; Choudhary, M.I. Antimicrobial activities of Gloriosa superba Linn (Colchicaceae) extracts. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., 2008, 23(6), 855-859.
[9]
Khan, H.; Khan, M.A. Abdullah, Antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic studies of total saponin, alkaloid and sterols contents of decoction of Joshanda: identification of components through thin layer chromatography. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 2015, 31(3), 202-208.
[10]
Amirkia, V.; Heinrich, M. Alkaloids as drug leads – A predictive structural and biodiversity-based analysis. Phytochem. Lett., 2014, 10(0), xlviii-liii.
[11]
Coqueiro, A.; Regasini, L.O.; Stapleton, P.; da Silva Bolzani, V.; Gibbons, S. In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Prenylated Guanidine Alkaloids from Pterogyne nitens and Synthetic Analogues. J. Nat. Prod., 2014, 77(8), 1972-1975.
[12]
Amin, S.; Khan, H. Revival of natural products: Utilization of modern technologies. Curr. Bioact. Compd., 2016, 12, 103-106.
[13]
Khan, H. Alkaloids: potential therapeuty modality in the management of asthma. J. Ayurv. Herbal Med., 2015, 1(1), 3.
[14]
Pinheiro, E.A.A.; Carvalho, J.M.; dos Santos, D.C.P. Feitosa, Ade.O.; Marinho, P.S.B.; Guilhon, G.M.S.P.; de Souza, A.D.L.; da Silva, F.M.A.; Marinho, A.M.R. Antibacterial activity of alkaloids produced by endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. EJC08 isolated from medical plant Bauhinia guianensis. Nat. Prod. Res., 2013, 27(18), 1633-1638.
[15]
Perviz, S.; Khan, H.; Pervaiz, A. Plant alkaloids as an emerging therapeutic alternative for the treatment of depression. Front. Pharmacol., 2016, 7, 28.
[16]
Pfoze, N.L.; Kumar, Y.; Myrboh, B.; Bhagobaty, R.K.; Joshi, S.R. In vitro antibacterial activity of alkaloid extract from stem bark of Mahonia manipurensis Takeda. J. Med. Plants Res., 2011, 5(5), 859-861.
[17]
Karou, D.; Savadogo, A.; Cinini, A.; Yameogo, S.; Montesano, C.; Simpore, J.; Colizzi, V.S.; Traore, A. Antibacterial activity of alkaloids from Sida acuta. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2005, 4(12), 1452-1457.
[18]
Dos Santos, E.T.; Pereira, M.L.; da Silva, C.F.; Souza-Neta, L.C.; Geris, R.; Martins, D.; Santana, A.E.; Barbosa, L.C.; Silva, H.G.; Freitas, G.C.; Figueiredo, M.P.; de Oliveira, F.F.; Batista, R. Antibacterial activity of the alkaloid-enriched extract from Prosopis juliflora pods and its influence on in vitro ruminal digestion. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2013, 14(4), 8496-8516.
[19]
Villa-Ruano, N.; Pacheo-hernandez, Y.; Rubio-rosas, E.; Ruiz-Gonzalez, N.; Cruz-duran, R.; Lozoya-Gloria, E.; Zurita-Vasquez, G.; Franco-Monsreal, J. Alkaloidal profile, Antibacterial and Allelopathic activity of Lupinus Jaimehintoniana B.L Turner (Fabaceae). Arch. Biol. Sci., 2012, 64(3), 1065-1071.
[20]
Kucukboyacb, N.; Ozkan, S.; Tosun, F. Gas Chromatographic Determination of quinolizidine alkaloids in Genista sandrasica and their antimicrobial activity. Rec. Nat. Prod., 2012, 6, 61-64.
[21]
Erdemoglu, N.; Ozkan, S.; Duran, A.; Tosun, F. GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of alkaloid extract from Genista vuralii. Pharm. Biol., 2009, 47(1), 81-85.
[22]
El-Shazly, A.; Ateya, A.M.; Wink, M. Quinolizidine alkaloid profiles of Lupinus varius orientalis, L. albus albus, L. hartwegii, and L. densiflorus. Z. Natforsch. C J. Biosci., 2001, 56(1-2), 21-30.
[23]
Kucukboyaci, N.; Ozkan, S.; Adiguzel, N.; Tosun, F. Characterisation and antimicrobial activity of Sophora alopecuroides L. var. alopecuroides alkaloid extracts. Turk. J. Biol., 2011, 35(3), 379-385.
[24]
Singh, S. Swapnil.; Verma, S.K. Antibacterial properties of Alkaloid rich fractions obtained from various parts of Prosopis juliflora. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2011, 2(3), 114-120.
[25]
Maatalah, M.B.; Bouzidi, N.K.; Bellahouel, S.; Merah, B.; Fortas, Z.; Soulimani, R.; Saidi, S.; Derdour, A. Antimicrobial activity of alkaloids and saponin extracts of Anabasis articulata. J. Biotechnol. Pharm. Res., 2012, 3(3), 54-57.
[26]
Tanaka, J.C.; Silva, C.C.; Oliveira, A.J.; Nakamura, C.V.; Dias Filho, B.P. Antibacterial activity of indole alkaloids from Aspidosperma ramiflorum. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 2006, 39(3), 387-391.
[27]
Khan, M.R.; Omoloso, A.D.; Kihara, M. Antibacterial activity of Alstonia scholaris and Leea tetramera. Fitoterapia, 2003, 74(7-8), 736-740.
[28]
Sibi, G.; Apsara, V.; Lepakshi, G. Isolation and characterization of antimicrobial alkaloids from Plumeria alba flowers against food borne pathogens. Am. J. Life Sci., 2014, 2, 1-6.
[29]
Amel, B.; Abdlouahab, Y.; Abdlhakim, B. Assessment of the antibacterial activity of crude extract from seeds and roots of the plant Paganum hamala L. J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., 2012, 2(5), 568-673.
[30]
O’Donnell, G.; Gibbons, S. Antibacterial activity of two canthin-6-one alkaloids from Allium neapolitanum. Phytother. Res., 2007, 21(7), 653-657.
[31]
Parthasarathy, S.; Bin Azizi, J.; Ramanathan, S.; Ismail, S.; Sasidharan, S.; Said, M.I.; Mansor, S.M. Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of aqueous, methanolic and alkaloid extracts from Mitragyna speciosa (Rubiaceae family) leaves. Molecules, 2009, 14(10), 3964-3974.
[32]
Amar, Z.; Soukayna, T.; Noreddine, G.; Salah, R. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antibacterial activity of alkaloids extracts of Senecio delphinifolius. Pharma Chem., 2012, 4(5), 2080-2084.
[33]
Morel, S.; Maldar, N.N.; Bharma, P.; Sharon, M.; Sharon, M. Antimicrobial actvity of Napthyl Iso-quinoline alkaloids of Ancistrocladus heyneanus extracts from leaves. Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 2012, 3(5), 2760-2765.
[34]
Al-Shahwany, W.A.A.; Al-Hemiri, A.M.; Abed, K. Comparitive evaluation of alkaloids extraction method from the root bark of Punica granatum linn. Adv. Biores., 2012, 4(1), 33-39.
[35]
Naika, R.; Prasanna, K.P.; Ganapathy, P.S.S. Antibacterial activity of Piperlongumine an alkaloid isolated from methanolic root extract of Piper Longum. Pharmacophore, 2010, 1(2), 141-148.
[36]
Kavitha, P.; Pawana, K.; Narasimah, M.; Gopinath, S. Antibacterial activity of Polyalthial Longifolia against hospital isolates of Bengaluru district. Int. J. Latest Res. Sci. Technol., 2013, 2(1), 508-510.
[37]
Lalitha, S.; Rajeshwaran, K.; Kumar, P.S.; Deepa, K.; Gowthami, K. In vivo Screening of Antibacterial Activity of Acacia mellifera (BENTH) (Leguminosae) on Human Pathogenic Bacteri. Glob. J. Pharmacol., 2010, 4(3), 148-150.
[38]
Abbasoglu, U.; Sener, B.; Günay, Y.; Temizer, H. Antimicrobial activity of some isoquinoline alkaloids. Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim), 1991, 324(6), 379-380.
[39]
Coqueiro, A.; Regasini, L.O.; Stapleton, P.; da Silva Bolzani, V.; Gibbons, S. In vitro antibacterial activity of Prenylated Gunanidine alkaloids from Pterogyne nitens and synthetic analogues. J. Nat. Prod., 2014, 77(8), 1972-1975.
[40]
Villinski, J.R.; Dumas, E.R.; Chai, H.B.; Pezzoto, J.M.; Angehofer, C.K.; Gafner, S. Antibacterial activity and alkaloid content of Berberis thunbergii, Berberis vulgaris and Hydrastic candensis. Pharm. Biol., 2003, 41(8), 551-557.
[41]
Li, M-C.; Sun, W-S.; Cheng, W.; Liu, D.; Liang, H.; Zhang, Q-Y.; Lin, W-H. Four new minor brominated indole related alkaloids with antibacterial activities from Laurencia similis. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2016, 26(15), 3590-3593.
[42]
Bouaziz, A.; Mhalla, D.; Zouari, I.; Jlaiel, L.; Tounsi, S.; Jarraya, R.; Trigui, M. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Hammada scoparia extracts and its major purified alkaloids. S. Afr. J. Bot., 2016, 105, 89-96.
[43]
Mushtaq, S.; Rather, M.A.; Qazi, P.H.; Aga, M.A.; Shah, A.M.; Shah, A.; Ali, M.N. Isolation and characterization of three benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Thalictrum minus L. and their antibacterial activity against bovine mastitis. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2016, 193, 221-226.
[44]
Fomani, M.; Ngeufa Happi, E.; Nouga Bisoue, A.; Ndom, J.C.; Kamdem Waffo, A.F.; Sewald, N.; Wansi, J.D. Oxidative burst inhibition, cytotoxicity and antibacterial acriquinoline alkaloids from Citrus reticulate (Blanco). Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2016, 26(2), 306-309.
[45]
Bonjean, K.; De Pauw-Gillet, M.C.; Defresne, M.P.; Colson, P.; Houssier, C.; Dassonneville, L.; Bailly, C.; Greimers, R.; Wright, C.; Quetin-Leclercq, J.; Tits, M.; Angenot, L. The DNA intercalating alkaloid cryptolepine interferes with topoisomerase II and inhibits primarily DNA synthesis in B16 melanoma cells. Biochemistry, 1998, 37(15), 5136-5146.
[46]
Cushnie, T.P.T.; Cushnie, B.; Lamb, A.J. Alkaloids: an overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2014, 44(5), 377-386.
[47]
Beuria, T.K.; Santra, M.K.; Panda, D. Sanguinarine blocks cytokinesis in bacteria by inhibiting FtsZ assembly and bundling. Biochemistry, 2005, 44(50), 16584-16593.
[48]
Domadia, P.N.; Bhunia, A.; Sivaraman, J.; Swarup, S.; Dasgupta, D. Berberine targets assembly of Escherichia coli cell division protein FtsZ. Biochemistry, 2008, 47(10), 3225-3234.
[49]
Boberek, J.M.; Stach, J.; Good, L. Genetic evidence for inhibition of bacterial division protein FtsZ by berberine. PLoS One, 2010, 5(10), e13745.
[50]
Barie, P.S. Multidrug-resistant organisms and antibiotic management. Surg. Clin. North Am., 2012, 92(2), 345-391. [ix-x.].
[51]
Björn, C.; Mahlapuu, M.; Mattsby-Baltzer, I.; Håkansson, J. Anti-infective efficacy of the lactoferrin-derived antimicrobial peptide HLR1r. Peptides, 2016, 81, 21-28.
[52]
Khin-Maung-U, M-K. Myo-Khin; Nyunt-Nyunt-Wai; Aye-Kyaw; Tin-U, Clinical trial of berberine in acute watery diarrhoea. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.), 1985, 291(6509), 1601-1605.
[53]
Khin-Maung-U, M-K. Myo-Khin; Nyunt-Nyunt-Wai; Aye-Kyaw; Tin-U. Clinical trial of berberine in acute watery diarrhoea. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.), 1985, 291(6509), 1601-1605.
[54]
Chen, C.; Tao, C.; Liu, Z.; Lu, M.; Pan, Q.; Zheng, L.; Li, Q.; Song, Z.; Fichna, J. A randomized clinical trial of berberine hydrochloride in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Phytother. Res., 2015, 29(11), 1822-1827.
[55]
Naika, R.; Prasanna, K.; Ganapathy, P.S. Antibacterial activity of piperlongumine an alkaloid isolated from methanolic root extract of Piper longum L. Pharmacophore, 2010, 1(2), 141-148.
[56]
Dos Santos, E.T.; Pereira, M.L.; da Silva, C.F.; Souza-Neta, L.C.; Geris, R.; Martins, D.; Santana, A.E.; Barbosa, L.C.; Silva, H.G.; Freitas, G.C.; Figueiredo, M.P.; de Oliveira, F.F.; Batista, R. Antibacterial activity of the alkaloid-enriched extract from Prosopis juliflora pods and its influence on in vitro ruminal digestion. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2013, 14(4), 8496-8516.
Related Journals
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Current Drug Safety
Current Drug Targets
Current Organic Chemistry
Current Organic Synthesis
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry
Letters in Organic Chemistry
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery
Current Drug Discovery Technologies
Related Books
Advances in Organic Synthesis
Frontiers in Drug Design and Discovery
The Synthetic Methods, Structures, and Properties of the Ca-C σ Bond Organocalcium Containing Compounds
Advances in Organic Synthesis
Chemistry of Bipyrazoles: Synthesis and Applications
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery
Advances in Organic Synthesis
Advanced Nanocatalysis for Organic Synthesis and Electroanalysis
Frontiers in Drug Design and Discovery
Advances in Organic Synthesis
Article Metrics
39
1