Abstract
Background: Toxic optic neuropathies (TONs) often present with a gradual and bilateral decrease in visual acuity, scotomas and optic disc pallor. Obtaining an accurate history is the critical first step in determining the etiology of TONs.
Methods: This updated review contains a thorough analysis of the current PubMed-indexed literature on the most common agents responsible for TONs, including methanol, ethambutol, amiodarone, linezolid, tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. Results: The reviewed articles are mainly case reports presenting new and controversial aspects of the above agents. New treatment strategies, such as erythropoietin for methanol optic neuropathy, are being proposed for TONs, a condition that was previously regarded as untreatable. Conclusion: TONs could cause significant disability due to visual impairment. In case of early diagnosis and drug withdrawal, most TONs are treatable. Patients need to be appropriately counseled, and prescribing physicians should be especially made aware of TON-inducing medications.Keywords: Amiodarone, ethambutol, linezolid, methanol, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, toxic optic neuropathy, tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:An Updated Review on the Most Common Agents Causing Toxic Optic Neuropathies
Volume: 23 Issue: 4
Author(s): Weronika Wasinska-Borowiec, Kaveh Abri Aghdam, Jukka Matias Saari and Andrzej Grzybowski
Affiliation:
Keywords: Amiodarone, ethambutol, linezolid, methanol, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, toxic optic neuropathy, tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors.
Abstract: Background: Toxic optic neuropathies (TONs) often present with a gradual and bilateral decrease in visual acuity, scotomas and optic disc pallor. Obtaining an accurate history is the critical first step in determining the etiology of TONs.
Methods: This updated review contains a thorough analysis of the current PubMed-indexed literature on the most common agents responsible for TONs, including methanol, ethambutol, amiodarone, linezolid, tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. Results: The reviewed articles are mainly case reports presenting new and controversial aspects of the above agents. New treatment strategies, such as erythropoietin for methanol optic neuropathy, are being proposed for TONs, a condition that was previously regarded as untreatable. Conclusion: TONs could cause significant disability due to visual impairment. In case of early diagnosis and drug withdrawal, most TONs are treatable. Patients need to be appropriately counseled, and prescribing physicians should be especially made aware of TON-inducing medications.Export Options
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Cite this article as:
Wasinska-Borowiec Weronika, Aghdam Abri Kaveh, Saari Matias Jukka and Grzybowski Andrzej, An Updated Review on the Most Common Agents Causing Toxic Optic Neuropathies, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170124113826
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170124113826 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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