小分子核糖核苷酸：小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞介导的中枢神经系统炎症疾病的关键因素

Title:MicroRNAs: Key Players in Microglia and Astrocyte Mediated Inflammation in CNS Pathologies

Volume: 23 Issue: 30

Author(s): Aparna Karthikeyan, Radhika Patnala, Shweta P. Jadhav, Ling Eng-Ang, S. Thameem Dheen

Affiliation:

关键词: 神经炎症、小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞、小分子核糖核酸

摘要: The significance of microglia and astrocytes in neural development, in maintaining synaptic connections and homeostasis in the healthy brain is well established. Microglia are dynamic immune cells of the brain that elicit an immune response during brain damage and also participate in tissue repair and regeneration, while astrocytes contribute to the local inflammatory response by producing proinflammatory cytokines and resolving neuronal damage through production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors. Recent efforts have focused on elucidating the epigenetic mechanisms which regulate glial cell behavior in normal and pathologic states. An important class of epigenetic regulators is microRNAs (miRNAs) which are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. Certain dysregulated miRNAs contribute to chronic microglial inflammation in the brain, thereby leading to progression of neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. Further, several miRNAs are differentially expressed in astrocytes after ischemia and spinal cord injury. Despite knowledge about miRNAs in neuroinflammation, little is known about effective delivery routes and pharmacokinetic data for miRNA based therapeutics. This review summarizes the current research on the role of miRNAs in promoting and inhibiting inflammatory response of microglia and astrocytes in a disease-specific manner. In addition, miRNA delivery as a therapeutic strategy to treat neuroinflammation is discussed.

Cite this article as:

Aparna Karthikeyan, Radhika Patnala, Shweta P. Jadhav, Ling Eng-Ang, S. Thameem Dheen , MicroRNAs: Key Players in Microglia and Astrocyte Mediated Inflammation in CNS Pathologies, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 23 (30) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160814001040