摘要
在胃肠道(GI),在过去的25年中已有研究证明一氧化氮(NO)具有抑制神经递质的作用。除了吸收和分泌的调节,氮能神经元所产生的NO对保持肌肉松弛光滑和胃肠动力十分重要。事实上,许多人类疾病如贲门失弛缓症,胃轻瘫,慢传输型便秘Hirschsprung病可能与氮能信号不正常有关。大多数作为神经递质的NO对人体的影响由非敏感性鸟苷酸环化酶介导(NO-GC),并通过cGMP依赖性机制进一步传导。与血管系统相反,血管内皮细胞所产生的NO,在平滑肌细胞、含有几种不同的细胞类型胃肠道组织以及间质细胞和成纤维样细胞中激发NO-GC引起松弛作用。由于NO受体分布的不同,NO引起的松弛作用的机理尚不明确。细胞特异性敲除小鼠菌株基因技术已产生,其缺乏参与胆碱能信号的酶。这些动物有助于检查NO在胃肠道平滑肌的作用。本文讨论了现有关于NO介导的机制对胃肠道平滑肌、小肠和大肠以及括约肌松弛作用的影响的研究结果,并主要关注于肠平滑肌层特定类型细胞神经信号的整合。
关键词: 鸟苷酸环化酶,cGMP,松弛,Cajal间质细胞,平滑肌,基因敲除小鼠间质细胞,肠道神经递质。
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Integrative Control of Gastrointestinal Motility by Nitric Oxide
Volume: 23 Issue: 24
Author(s): Dieter Groneberg, Barbara Voussen, Andreas Friebe
Affiliation:
关键词: 鸟苷酸环化酶,cGMP,松弛,Cajal间质细胞,平滑肌,基因敲除小鼠间质细胞,肠道神经递质。
摘要: In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, nitric oxide (NO) has been shown over the last 25 years to exert a prominent function as inhibitory neurotransmitter. Apart from the regulation of secretion and resorption, NO from nitrergic neurons has been demonstrated to be crucial for GI smooth muscle relaxation and motility. In fact, several human diseases such as achalasia, gastroparesis, slow transit constipation or Hirschsprung’s disease may involve dysfunctional nitrergic signaling. Most of NO's effects as neurotransmitter are mediated by NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC) and further transduced by cGMP-dependent mechanisms. In contrast to the vascular system where NO from the endothelium induces relaxation by acting on NO-GC solely in smooth muscle cells, GI tissues contain several different NO-GCexpressing cell types that include smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells of Cajal and fibroblast-like cells. Based on this diverse localization of the NO receptor, the exact pathway(s) leading to NO-induced relaxation are still unknown. Global and cell-specific knockout mouse strains have been generated that lack enzymes participating in nitrergic signaling. These animals have been helpful in examining the role of NO in smooth muscle of the GI tract. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on NO-mediated mechanisms in the relaxation of GI smooth muscle in stomach, small and large intestine including sphincters. Special focus is placed on the integration of nitrergic signals by specialized cell types within the gut smooth muscle layers.
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Cite this article as:
Dieter Groneberg, Barbara Voussen, Andreas Friebe , Integrative Control of Gastrointestinal Motility by Nitric Oxide, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 23 (24) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160812150907
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160812150907 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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