免疫调节和癌症中一氧化氮和活性氮效应器活动

Title:Immunoregulatory and Effector Activities of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Nitrogen Species in Cancer

Volume: 23 Issue: 24

Author(s): Cinzia Fionda, Maria Pia Abruzzese, Angela Santoni, Marco Cippitelli

Affiliation:

关键词: 一氧化氮，RNS，肿瘤，免疫逃逸，TAM，MDSCs，一氧化氮供体，微环境，化学免疫治疗。

摘要: Nitric Oxide (NO) is a signaling radical, highly diffusible pleiotropic regulator of a large set of different molecular and biological pathways, including, neurotransmission, vasodilatation and macrophagemediated responses against infections. It is produced from the amino acid L-Arginine and oxygen by the enzymatic action of three isoforms of the Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS), differently expressed and regulated in tissues.

Increasing evidence highlights the wide spectrum of action of NO in different pathologic conditions, including cancer. In this regard, a dual role for this molecule as a pro- and anti-tumorigenic mediator has been described, in a context and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, NO exerts numerous immunologic effects, by operating as an effector molecule in innate immune responses as well as a regulator of adaptive immune components.

Here, we will review recent advances in the field of biology of this pleiotropic signaling molecule in cancer, also providing a concise description of the immunoregulatory and effector activities of NO and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS). In particular, we will summarize recent knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex functions of NO in cancer pathogenesis. We will also address emerging immune-mediated mechanisms regulated by NO to provide a comprehensive view of the complex cellular interactions which control cancer progression and that can be influenced by NO at multiple levels. In the light of different immunologic effects of this molecule, the potential therapeutic implications of novel drugs targeting NO to treat cancer and to improve anti-tumor immune responses will be discussed.

Cite this article as:

Cinzia Fionda, Maria Pia Abruzzese, Angela Santoni, Marco Cippitelli , Immunoregulatory and Effector Activities of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Nitrogen Species in Cancer, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 23 (24) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160727105101