Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1): Occurrence, Biosynthesis and Functions

Title:Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1): Occurrence, Biosynthesis and Functions

Volume: 17 Issue: 12

Author(s): Gilles J. Basset, Scott Latimer, Abdelhak Fatihi, Eric Soubeyrand and Anna Block*

Affiliation:

• Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; 1600 SW 23rd Drive Gainesville FL 32608,United States

Keywords: Phylloquinone, vitamin K, naphthoquinones, chloroplasts, plastoglobules, photosynthesis, peroxisomes.

Abstract: Background: Phylloquinone is a prenylated naphthoquinone that is synthesized exclusively by plants, green algae, and some species of cyanobacteria, where it serves as a vital electron carrier in photosystem I and as an electron acceptor for the formation of protein disulfide bonds. In humans and other vertebrates, phylloquinone plays the role of a vitamin (vitamin K1) that is required for blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism. Phylloquinone from green leafy vegetables and vegetable oil represents the major dietary source of vitamin K for humans. In recent years, reverse genetics and biochemical approaches using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that phylloquinone biosynthesis in plants involves paralogous and multifunctional enzymes, a compartmentation of the corresponding pathway in plastids and peroxisomes, and trafficking of some biosynthetic intermediates within plastids themselves. Furthermore, phylloquinone biosynthetic intermediates create crucial metabolic branch-points with other plastid-synthesized metabolites such as chlorophylls, tocopherols and salicylate.

Objective: This review presents an update on recent studies of the central role of plastids in the biosynthesis of phylloquinone, in particular on the discovery of novel enzymatic steps that are likely paradigms for phylloquinone and menaquinone (vitamin K2)-synthesizing organisms alike.

Cite this article as:

Basset J. Gilles, Latimer Scott, Fatihi Abdelhak, Soubeyrand Eric and Block Anna*, Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1): Occurrence, Biosynthesis and Functions, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 17 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557516666160623082714