摘要
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是痴呆最常见的原因之一。尽管几十年的研究在阿尔茨海默病（AD）方面，没有标准的疾病修饰疗法，目前批准的药物只提供症状缓解。干细胞在受损组织再生方面具有巨大潜力，目前在一些脑部相关疾病中进行了测试.，如老年痴呆、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）、帕金森病（PD）。我们回顾干细胞移植研究的临床前和临床工具。我们描述了不同来源的干细胞用于各种动物模型，并解释公认的分子机制，可以挽救神经退行性疾病。临床研究表明干细胞治疗的安全性、有效性和转化潜能。干细胞移植的治疗效果已在许多研究中有希望，但没有统一的假设可以令人信服的解释机制。有研究报道，这些干细胞旁分泌作用通过神经营养因子的释放，而其他的一些研究描述了移植细胞产生的免疫调节作用。也有报告表明干细胞移植可能导致内源性细胞增殖或替换患病细胞。在AD的动物模型中，干细胞移植也被认为能够增加突触蛋白的表达。
关键词: 老化，痴呆，区别，神经退行性疾病，突触，增殖
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