Title:Structural and Functional Aspects of Class A Carbapenemases
Volume: 17
Issue: 9
Author(s): Thierry Naas, Laurent Dortet, Bogdan I. Iorga
Affiliation:
关键词:
生化特性;碳青烯酶;A类;晶体学;分子模拟;突变
摘要: The fight against infectious diseases is probably one of the greatest public health challenges
faced by our society, especially with the emergence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negatives that are in
some cases pan-drug resistant. Currently, β-lactamase-mediated resistance does not spare even the
newest and most powerful β-lactams (carbapenems), whose activity is challenged by carbapenemases.
The worldwide dissemination of carbapenemases in gram-negative organisms threatens to take medicine
back into the pre-antibiotic era since the mortality associated with infections caused by these “superbugs”
is very high, due to limited treatment options. Clinically-relevant carbapenemases belong either to metallo-β-
lactamases (MBLs) of Ambler class B or to serine-β-lactamases (SBLs) of Ambler class A and D enzymes. Class A carbapenemases
may be chromosomally-encoded (SME, NmcA, SFC-1, BIC-1, PenA, FPH-1, SHV-38), plasmid-encoded
(KPC, GES, FRI-1) or both (IMI). The plasmid-encoded enzymes are often associated with mobile elements responsible
for their mobilization. These enzymes, even though weakly related in terms of sequence identities, share structural features
and a common mechanism of action. They variably hydrolyse penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems,
and are inhibited by clavulanate and tazobactam. Three-dimensional structures of class A carbapenemases, in the
apo form or in complex with substrates/inhibitors, together with site-directed mutagenesis studies, provide essential input
for identifying the structural factors and subtle conformational changes that influence the hydrolytic profile and inhibition
of these enzymes. Overall, these data represent the building blocks for understanding the structure-function relationships
that define the phenotypes of class A carbapenemases and can guide the design of new molecules of therapeutic interest.