罕见和非常规型的过表达蛋白修饰：对功能和疾病的影响

Title:Post-Translational Protein Modifications of Rare and Unconventional Types: Implications in Functions and Diseases

Volume: 23 Issue: 7

Author(s): Sarmistha Basak, Chunyu Lu, Ajoy Basak

Affiliation:

关键词: 过表达蛋白修饰；罕见和非常规型；酰胺化；ampylation；甲酰化；羧基化；羰基化；cholesterylation；脱酰胺作用；糖基磷脂酰肌醇化；羟基化；neddylation；PEG修饰；核糖基化；硒化；siderophorylation；SUMO化修饰；功能效应；疾病影响；生物学通路；治疗目标。

摘要: Protein post-translational modification (PTM) occurs following their biosynthesis and is a key cellular event that defines their ultimate functional properties. It is an important control mechanism for display of biological functions of proteins often in a profound manner. It may switch on or off a protein’s function. Several studies have been conducted to understand their mechanisms, physiological pathways and functional properties. PTMs have been shown to alter structural, conformational and physicochemical properties of proteins. So far a variety of protein modifications have been detected in physiological systems. These involve covalent modifications of amino acids via their side chains, backbone peptide bonds and terminal moieties. Following PTM, proteins may become (a) pathologically toxic, (b) biologically active or inactive, (c) more or less susceptible to proteolytic processing, (d) increasingly/decreasingly bound to its partner protein/s, or (e) modified with altered protease activities. These changes may affect pathways linked to cell signaling/transduction, trafficking, storing, expression, binding and/or affinity. Any of these events may be linked to metabolic, growth and/or chronic dysfunctions with serious health consequences that may include cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke, viral/bacterial/parasite infections, inflammation, thrombosis, diabetes; central nervous system related conditions. Some of the modifications are more prevalent physiologically and widely studied. However, in recent years additional PTMs have been described that are less common. These include glypiation, neddylayion, siderophorylation, sumoylation, AMPylation, Cholesteroylation and others which are also important. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of these rare and unconventional types of protein modifications and their functional implications to health, metabolism and disease conditions.

Cite this article as:

Sarmistha Basak, Chunyu Lu, Ajoy Basak , Post-Translational Protein Modifications of Rare and Unconventional Types: Implications in Functions and Diseases, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 23 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160118095620