摘要
纳米材料可通过注射后或植入物的释放,以及暴露的口腔、呼吸道或皮肤上皮细胞的渗透进入血液循环。一旦纳米材料进入血液中,就会影响止血,这并不是我们所希望的。本文综述了生物颗粒和工程纳米材料在止血方面的作用。描述了血小板和凝血在正常凝血中的作用以及与免疫系统的相互作用。总结了体外和体内实验确定纳米材料对凝血影响的方法,讨论了纳米颗粒大小和表面性能的作用。有文献主要对促凝血作用的纳米材料进行了描述。在体外研究表明,较小纳米颗粒对凝固的影响更大,并且比表面带电荷的纳米颗粒更重要。例如,碳纳米管,聚苯乙烯颗粒,和树枝状聚合物的影响凝血时与其表面电荷无关。聚乙二醇进行涂层的颗粒能够防止一些颗粒的凝血作用,而对其他功能没有影响,并且最近开发的仿生表面可能有助于设计涂层的生物相容性颗粒。纳米粒子主要对常见疾病患者如糖尿病、癌症患者与心血管疾病患者有促凝血作用。在标准条件下进行体外实验时,人类血液适用于研究止血干扰机制和优化纳米材料的血液相容性。
关键词: 纳米颗粒,血小板,血浆凝血、止血、纳米毒理学。
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Action of Nanoparticles on Platelet Activation and Plasmatic Coagulation
Volume: 23 Issue: 5
Author(s): Eleonore Fröhlich
Affiliation:
关键词: 纳米颗粒,血小板,血浆凝血、止血、纳米毒理学。
摘要: Nanomaterials can get into the blood circulation after injection or by release from implants but also by permeation of the epithelium after oral, respiratory or dermal exposure. Once in the blood, they can affect hemostasis, which is usually not intended. This review addresses effects of biological particles and engineered nanomaterials on hemostasis. The role of platelets and coagulation in normal clotting and the interaction with the immune system are described. Methods to identify effects of nanomaterials on clotting and results from in vitro and in vivo studies are summarized and the role of particle size and surface properties discussed. The literature overview showed that mainly pro-coagulative effects of nanomaterials have been described. In vitro studies suggested stronger effects of smaller than of larger NPs on coagulation and a greater importance of material than of surface charge. For instance, carbon nanotubes, polystyrene particles, and dendrimers inferred with clotting independent from their surface charge. Coating of particles with polyethylene glycol was able to prevent interaction with clotting by some particles, while it had no effect on others and the more recently developed bio-inspired surfaces might help to design coatings for more biocompatible particles. The mainly pro-coagulative action of nanoparticles could present a particular risk for individuals affected by common diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Under standardized conditions, in vitro assays using human blood appear to be a suitable tool to study mechanisms of interference with hemostasis and to optimize hemocompatibility of nanomaterials.
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Cite this article as:
Eleonore Fröhlich , Action of Nanoparticles on Platelet Activation and Plasmatic Coagulation, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 23 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160106151428
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160106151428 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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