Abstract
Cardiopulmonary interactions are present but inconsequential in humans with normal cardiac and respiratory function; however, in the presence of significant impairment in either system, the importance of the interplay between cardiovascular and pulmonary systems cannot be overstated. This review will discuss the physiologic underpinnings and consequences of these interactions in patients with heart failure.
Keywords: Cardiopulmonary interactions, heart failure, mean systemic pressure, pediatrics, transmural pressure, ventricular afterload.
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