阿尔茨海默病脑中枢和区域神经胶质细胞的变化：细胞类型，反应和影响

Title:Brain local and regional neuroglial alterations in Alzheimer´s Disease: cell types, responses and implications.

Volume: 13 Issue: 4

Author(s): Adolfo Toledano, Maria-Isabel Alvarez, Adolfo Toledano-Diaz, Jose-Joaquin Merino, Jose Julio Rodriguez

Affiliation:

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病；星形胶质细胞增生；胶质细胞的可塑性；神经胶质退行型/神经保护；胶质细胞增生；神经胶质细胞；胶质细胞反应。

摘要: From birth to death, neurons are dynamically accompanied by neuroglial cells in a very close morphological and functional relationship. Three families have been classically considered within the CNS: astroglia, oligodendroglia and microglia. Many types/subtypes (including NGR2+ cells), with a wide variety of physiological and pathological effects on neurons, have been described using morphological and immunocytochemical criteria. Glio-glial, glio-neuronal and neuro-glial cell signaling and gliotransmission are phenomena that are essential to support brain functions. Morphofunctional changes resulting from the plasticity of all the glial cell types parallel the plastic neuronal changes that optimize the functionality of neuronal circuits. Moreover, neuroglia possesses the ability to adopt a reactive status (gliosis) in which, generally, new functions arise to improve and restore if needed the neural functionality. All these features make neuroglial cells elements of paramount importance when attempting to explain any physiological or pathological processes in the CNS, because they are involved in both, neuroprotection/neurorepair and neurodegeneration. There exist diverse and profound, regional and local, neuroglial changes in all involutive processes (physiological and pathological aging; neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer ´s disease –AD-), but today, the exact meaning of such modifications (the modifications of the different neuroglial types, in time and place), is not well understood. In this review we consider the different neuroglial cells and their responses in order to understand the possible role they fulfill in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment (preventive or palliative) of AD. The existence of differentiated and/or concurrent pathogenic and neuro-protective/neuro-restorative astroglial and microglial responses is highlighted.

Cite this article as:

Adolfo Toledano, Maria-Isabel Alvarez, Adolfo Toledano-Diaz, Jose-Joaquin Merino, Jose Julio Rodriguez , Brain local and regional neuroglial alterations in Alzheimer´s Disease: cell types, responses and implications., Current Alzheimer Research 2016; 13 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666151116141217