摘要
少突胶质细胞是专门的中枢神经系统轴突髓鞘的胶质细胞。有髓鞘的轴突捆绑在一起形成了白质区并可以连接灰质区的脑细胞,对于快速,集成的神经沟通与认知功能,它是必不可少的。少突胶质细胞的生命周期对于新神经元髓鞘通过天然的磨损和撕裂的连接和修复是必不可少的。这是无数成年人少突胶质母细胞(OPs)的作用。值得注意的是,在老龄化的大脑中,存在白质萎缩以及髓鞘形成的减少,它可以加速老年痴呆症。老年痴呆症髓鞘丢失的根本原因没有得到解决,但它意味着OPs再生能力的降低。OPs的一个特点是,他们形成了神经胶质细胞的突触并通过一系列谷氨酸受体对由神经元释放的谷氨酸产生反应。提出了OPs谷氨酸能神经传递,从而调节其增殖和分化形成髓鞘少突胶质细胞。在这里,我们讨论了OPs中产生的老年痴呆和少突胶质细胞受损的一代,它们是谷氨酸能神经传递的退化证据,是髓鞘丢失和相关认知能力下降的主要特点。
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病;痴呆;谷氨酸;髓鞘少突胶质细胞;少突胶质细胞的母细胞;白质。
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Decreased Regenerative Capacity of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (NG2-Glia) in the Ageing Brain: A Vicious Cycle of Synaptic Dysfunction, Myelin Loss and Neuronal Disruption?
Volume: 13 Issue: 4
Author(s): Andrea Rivera, Ilaria Vanzuli, Jose Julio Rodriguez Arellano and Arthur Butt
Affiliation:
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病;痴呆;谷氨酸;髓鞘少突胶质细胞;少突胶质细胞的母细胞;白质。
摘要: Oligodendrocytes are specialised glial cells that myelinate CNS axons. Myelinated axons are bundled together into white matter tracts that interconnect grey matter areas of the brain and are essential for rapid, integrated neuronal communication and cognitive function. Life-long generation of oligodendrocytes is required for myelination of new neuronal connections and repair of myelin lost through natural ‘wear and tear’. This is the function of a substantial population of adult oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPs). Notably, there is white matter shrinkage and decreased myelination in the ageing brain, which is accelerated in dementia. The underlying causes of myelin loss in dementia are unresolved, but it implies a decline in the regenerative capacity of OPs. A feature of OPs is that they form neuron-glial synapses and respond to glutamate released by neurons via a range of glutamate receptors. Glutamate neurotransmission onto OPs is proposed to regulate their proliferation and differentiation into myelinating oligodendrocytes. Here, we discuss evidence that deregulation of glutamate neurotransmission in dementia and compromised generation of oligodendrocytes from OPs are key features of myelin loss and associated cognitive decline.
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Andrea Rivera, Ilaria Vanzuli, Jose Julio Rodriguez Arellano and Arthur Butt , Decreased Regenerative Capacity of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (NG2-Glia) in the Ageing Brain: A Vicious Cycle of Synaptic Dysfunction, Myelin Loss and Neuronal Disruption?, Current Alzheimer Research 2016; 13 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666151116125518
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666151116125518 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
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