摘要
少突胶质细胞是专门的中枢神经系统轴突髓鞘的胶质细胞。有髓鞘的轴突捆绑在一起形成了白质区并可以连接灰质区的脑细胞,对于快速,集成的神经沟通与认知功能,它是必不可少的。少突胶质细胞的生命周期对于新神经元髓鞘通过天然的磨损和撕裂的连接和修复是必不可少的。这是无数成年人少突胶质母细胞(OPs)的作用。值得注意的是,在老龄化的大脑中,存在白质萎缩以及髓鞘形成的减少,它可以加速老年痴呆症。老年痴呆症髓鞘丢失的根本原因没有得到解决,但它意味着OPs再生能力的降低。OPs的一个特点是,他们形成了神经胶质细胞的突触并通过一系列谷氨酸受体对由神经元释放的谷氨酸产生反应。提出了OPs谷氨酸能神经传递,从而调节其增殖和分化形成髓鞘少突胶质细胞。在这里,我们讨论了OPs中产生的老年痴呆和少突胶质细胞受损的一代,它们是谷氨酸能神经传递的退化证据,是髓鞘丢失和相关认知能力下降的主要特点。
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病;痴呆;谷氨酸;髓鞘少突胶质细胞;少突胶质细胞的母细胞;白质。
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Decreased Regenerative Capacity of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (NG2-Glia) in the Ageing Brain: A Vicious Cycle of Synaptic Dysfunction, Myelin Loss and Neuronal Disruption?
Volume: 13 Issue: 4
Author(s): Andrea Rivera, Ilaria Vanzuli, Jose Julio Rodriguez Arellano and Arthur Butt
Affiliation:
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病;痴呆;谷氨酸;髓鞘少突胶质细胞;少突胶质细胞的母细胞;白质。
摘要: Oligodendrocytes are specialised glial cells that myelinate CNS axons. Myelinated axons are bundled together into white matter tracts that interconnect grey matter areas of the brain and are essential for rapid, integrated neuronal communication and cognitive function. Life-long generation of oligodendrocytes is required for myelination of new neuronal connections and repair of myelin lost through natural ‘wear and tear’. This is the function of a substantial population of adult oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPs). Notably, there is white matter shrinkage and decreased myelination in the ageing brain, which is accelerated in dementia. The underlying causes of myelin loss in dementia are unresolved, but it implies a decline in the regenerative capacity of OPs. A feature of OPs is that they form neuron-glial synapses and respond to glutamate released by neurons via a range of glutamate receptors. Glutamate neurotransmission onto OPs is proposed to regulate their proliferation and differentiation into myelinating oligodendrocytes. Here, we discuss evidence that deregulation of glutamate neurotransmission in dementia and compromised generation of oligodendrocytes from OPs are key features of myelin loss and associated cognitive decline.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Andrea Rivera, Ilaria Vanzuli, Jose Julio Rodriguez Arellano and Arthur Butt , Decreased Regenerative Capacity of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (NG2-Glia) in the Ageing Brain: A Vicious Cycle of Synaptic Dysfunction, Myelin Loss and Neuronal Disruption?, Current Alzheimer Research 2016; 13 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666151116125518
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666151116125518 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Immunomodulatory and Anti-Viral Activities of Pertussis Toxin and of Its Non-Toxic Derivatives
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Viral Anti-Inflammatory Reagents: The Potential for Treatment of Arthritic and Vasculitic Disorders
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Association of Viruses in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neuroprotective Properties of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (PPARα) and its Lipid Ligands
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeted Drug Delivery to Central Nervous System (CNS) for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Trends and Advances
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Understanding Heterogeneity in Supplementation Effects of Selenium in Men: A Study of Stratification Variables and Human Genetics in a Prospective Sample from New Zealand
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Heparanase Patents: Dim Past and Bright Future
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery The p35 Family of Apoptosis Inhibitors
Current Genomics Aptamers as Innovative Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents in the Central Nervous System
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Axis and its Potential as a Therapeutic Target in Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Protein Arginine Deiminases and Associated Citrullination: Physiological Functions and Diseases Associated with Dysregulation
Current Drug Targets Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) as Immune Regulator
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Statins And Stroke
Current Medicinal Chemistry IL-10 Producing Regulatory B Cells in Mice and Humans: State of the Art
Current Molecular Medicine Prostaglandin J2 Family and the Cardiovascular System
Current Vascular Pharmacology Reciprocity in Microbiome and Immune System Interactions and its Implications in Disease and Health
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Activin-A: A New Piece in the Puzzle of Tolerance in Asthma
Clinical Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Drugs (Discontinued) Midkine in Inflammatory and Toxic Conditions
Current Drug Delivery Proteasome Inhibition in Transplantation-Focusing on the Experience with Bortezomib
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Inhibitory Co-Receptors: A Way to Save from Anergy the HIVSpecific T Cells
Current HIV Research