Piperazinium Dihydrogen Sulfate: An Acidic Ionic Liquid for the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Sodium Azide with Organic Nitriles

Title:Piperazinium Dihydrogen Sulfate: An Acidic Ionic Liquid for the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Sodium Azide with Organic Nitriles

Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Author(s): Najmeh Nowrouzi, Soghra Farahi and Maryam Irajzadeh

Affiliation:

Keywords: 5-substituted-1H-tetrazole, arylnitriles, cycloaddition reaction, piperazinium dihydrogen sulfate, sodium azide.

Abstract: Background: Tetrazoles are imperative nitrogen rich heterocyclic compounds with a wide range of applications in the field of organic synthesis, coordination chemistry, material sciences, and medicinal chemistry. A most common approach for the synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles is achieved by [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of azides to nitriles. In this paper a new acidic ionic liquid is introduced as a catalyst to promote the mentioned reaction.

Methods: Piperazinium dihydrogen sulfate:as a new acidic ionic compound was obtained by treatment of piperazine with sulfuric acid, which is further was applied as a catalyst for the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of azides to organic nitriles.

Results: The [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of sodium azide with structurally different organic nitriles using only 1.5 mol% of the piperazinium dihydrogen sulfate proceeded well at 100°C and 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles were prepared in good to excellent yields. Herein, piperazinium dihydrogen sulfate has a dual role of catalyst and reaction medium, which circumvents the use of any organic solvent. The catalyst is also recyclable. This method is particularly suitable for benzonitriles carrying deactivating groups which furnished the corresponding products in excellent yields. By this method, mono [3+2] cycloaddition product of dicyanides was obtained.

Conclusion: In conclusion, piperazinium dihydrogen sulfate as a new acidic ionic compound was applied to promote synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles through [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of organic nitriles with sodium azide. This new ionic compound can be easily separated from the reaction mixture which resulted to a simple work-up of the products.

Cite this article as:

Nowrouzi Najmeh, Farahi Soghra and Irajzadeh Maryam, Piperazinium Dihydrogen Sulfate: An Acidic Ionic Liquid for the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Sodium Azide with Organic Nitriles, Letters in Organic Chemistry 2016; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178613666151112224459