Title:Emerging Targets For Prostate Adenocarcinoma Therapy: How Molecular Biology May Drive Towards a More Tailored Approach
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Author(s): Maria Raffaella Ambrosio, Luigi Pirtoli and Maria Teresa del Vecchio
Affiliation:
关键词:
格里森评分，免疫治疗，单克隆抗体，预后因子，前列腺癌，靶向治疗。
摘要: Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most diagnosed male cancer in the Western world and the
second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Albeit most of the patients with prostate adenocarcinoma
are currently treated by surgery and/or radiation therapy, more than 30-40% of affected subjects
will eventually progress and develop advanced disease. To date, management decisions depend on the
clinical stage of the patient and the histological diagnosis which unfortunately often lack to predict the
real prognosis. Current therapies have shown to be insufficient, mainly in the metastatic disease. For
clear-cut diagnosis and follow-up, we promptly need molecular markers also useful in predicting patient's
outcome. Advances in cancer genomics have led to a plethora of biomarkers, which must now to be rigorously validated
in the clinical setting. Recent insights on prostate adenocarcinoma biology which unveiled some of the biological
mechanisms leading to this tumour, have managed in devising novel strategies for therapy. Immunotherapeutic agents, selective
adrenal inhibitors, anti-angiogenic molecules, newly engineered androgen receptor inhibitors, compounds targeting
the bone microenvironment are demonstrated to limit cancer growth by blocking specific signaling pathways. Such strategies
can be complemented to existing therapeutic paradigm in improving beneficial outcome. Moreover, other emerging
pharmacological compounds have shown encouraging results and several clinical trials are ongoing. This review summarizes
the developing targeted therapies for prostate adenocarcinoma and discuss their potential benefit mainly in the castration-
resistant forms.
32
2