摘要
Sphingosine-1-phosphate受体(S1PR)调节器已进入临床实践作为免疫调节剂治疗多发性硬化症(MS)。药理学的调制S1PR表情淋巴细胞抑制这些细胞能力应对S1P梯度区域内淋巴结(LNs)(胸腺)促进他们退出到末梢循环。结果外周血淋巴细胞减少限制被认为是构成S1PR调节器的能力,以减少新炎性病变形成女士在缺乏全球免疫抑制。这些调节器调节选择性进入淋巴细胞数量和树突状细胞(dc)LNs和调节sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)细胞信号网络管理特定细胞的生成在LNs子集。S1PR调节器,中枢神经系统也有功能的影响在这个舱由于S1PRs表达的细胞组成的血脑屏障(BBB)和那些在薄壁组织,包括神经元、星形细胞,胶质细胞和小胶质细胞。缺乏S1P1受体(S1PR1)星形胶质细胞可以降低实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎疾病严重程度(运算单元)。甚至抑制细胞反应条件下自然配体,S1PR调节器可以继续诱发积极信号响应;这样的反应可能是有关促进中枢神经系统内神经保护和增强组织修复。
关键词: FTY720. GPCR. 免疫调节剂. sphingosine-1-phosphate受体. 淋巴球减少症. 多发性硬化症.
图形摘要
Current Drug Targets
Title:Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors in the Central Nervous and Immune Systems
Volume: 17 Issue: 16
Author(s): Luke M. Healy, Jack P. Antel
Affiliation:
关键词: FTY720. GPCR. 免疫调节剂. sphingosine-1-phosphate受体. 淋巴球减少症. 多发性硬化症.
摘要: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators have entered clinical practice as immune-modulators for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Pharmacologic modulation of S1PR expression on lymphocytes inhibits these cells capacity to respond to the S1P gradient within regional lymph nodes (LNs) (and thymus) that promotes their exit into peripheral circulation. The resultant peripheral blood restricted lymphopenia is considered to underlie the capacity of S1PR modulators to reduce new inflammatory lesion formation in MS in the absence of global immune suppression. These modulators also regulate entry of selective lymphocyte populations and dendritic cells (DCs) into LNs and modulate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) cell signaling networks that govern the generation of specific cell subsets within LNs. S1PR modulators that access the CNS can also have functional effects within this compartment since S1PRs are expressed by cells comprising the blood brain barrier (BBB) and by those within the parenchyma, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. Absence of S1P1 receptor (S1PR1) on astrocytes reduces disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Even under conditions that inhibit cell responses to the natural ligand, S1PR modulators can continue to induce active signaling responses; such responses may be relevant for promoting neuroprotection and augmenting tissue repair within the CNS.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Luke M. Healy, Jack P. Antel , Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors in the Central Nervous and Immune Systems, Current Drug Targets 2016; 17 (16) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666151001112710
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666151001112710 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Related Journals
Related Books
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Using an Ancient Tool for Igniting and Propagating Immune Tolerance: IDO as an Inducer and Amplifier of Regulatory T Cell Functions
Current Medicinal Chemistry Solving the Blood-Brain Barrier Challenge for the Effective Treatment of HIV Replication in the Central Nervous System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Thymoquinone Glucuronide Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticle for Bimodal Imaging and Treatment of Cancer as a Novel Theranostic Platform
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Brain Innate Immunity in the Regulation of Neuroinflammation: Therapeutic Strategies by Modulating CD200-CD200R Interaction Involve the Cannabinoid System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase as a Target for Cancer Prevention and Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Sex Hormones and their Analogues in Neuroimmune Biology
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Defining Peptide Sequences: From Antigenicity to Immunogenicity Through Redundancy
Current Pharmacogenomics Obesity: An Emerging Importance of Progenitors
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Nitric Oxide and Inflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Contribution of Spinal Cord Oligodendrocytes to Neuroinflammatory Diseases and Pain
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Origin of Lentivirus Research: Maedi-Visna Virus
Current HIV Research Immune Responses to Lentiviral Vectors
Current Gene Therapy Thymic Nurse Cells Participate in Heterotypic Internalization and Repertoire Selection of Immature Thymocytes; Their Removal from the Thymus of Autoimmune Animals May be Important to Disease Etiology
Current Molecular Medicine Optic Neuritis: A Model for the Immuno-pathogenesis of Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Advances in Antioxidative Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry FTY720 (Fingolimod) Ameliorates Brain Injury through Multiple Mechanisms and is a Strong Candidate for Stroke Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry Immunological Mechanisms of Neuropsychiatric Lupus
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) The Modulation of Pain by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors 7 and 8 in the Dorsal Striatum
Current Neuropharmacology Reyess Syndrome, Encephalopathy, Hyperammonemia and Acetyl Salicylic Acid Ingestion in a City Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Current Drug Safety ROCK in CNS: Different Roles of Isoforms and Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Drug Targets