摘要
丙型肝病毒(HCV)纵使有直接抗病毒剂的时期其仍然是一个全球性的公众健康性问题。本章讨论了针对急慢性HCV感染的免疫应答。HCV感染的结果受限制或者延迟启动先天抗病毒应答的病毒策略的影响。这种延迟可能会在宿主启动T和B细胞应答之前使HCV建立一个广泛的感染。HCV的的遗传敏捷性由于其高复制率及其易错复制机制,使其能够逃避免疫识别。适应性免疫性疾病无法跟上病毒表位的变化。中性抗体表位可能被诱饵结构、聚糖和脂蛋白隐藏。由于表位序列的变化和以及耗尽而导致的T细胞反应失败,这可能是一种已经进化到限制免疫介导的病理学的现象。尽管有这些困难,先天适应性免疫机制确实影响HCV的复制。感染中免疫介导的清除是可能的,发生于20-50%患有这种疾病的人中。新的进展提高了预防和治疗HCV感染的有效免疫措施的希望。
关键词: 丙型肝病毒,免疫应答,先天免疫,T细胞衰竭,拉姆达干扰素,中性抗体
Current Drug Targets
Title:Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Chronic HCV Infection
Volume: 18 Issue: 7
关键词: 丙型肝病毒,免疫应答,先天免疫,T细胞衰竭,拉姆达干扰素,中性抗体
摘要: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a public health problem of global importance, even in the era of potent directly-acting antiviral drugs. In this chapter, I discuss immune responses to acute and chronic HCV infection. The outcome of HCV infection is influenced by viral strategies that limit or delay the initiation of innate antiviral responses. This delay may enable HCV to establish widespread infection long before the host mounts effective T and B cell responses. HCV’s genetic agility, resulting from its high rate of replication and its error prone replication mechanism, enables it to evade immune recognition. Adaptive immune responses fail to keep up with changing viral epitopes. Neutralizing antibody epitopes may be hidden by decoy structures, glycans, and lipoproteins. T cell responses fail due to changing epitope sequences and due to exhaustion, a phenomenon that may have evolved to limit immune-mediated pathology. Despite these difficulties, innate and adaptive immune mechanisms do impact HCV replication. Immune-mediated clearance of infection is possible, occurring in 20-50% of people who contract the disease. New developments raise hopes for effective immunological interventions to prevent or treat HCV infection.
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Cite this article as:
Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Chronic HCV Infection, Current Drug Targets 2017; 18 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150825110532
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150825110532 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
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