Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous, chronic, debilitating immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There are four types of MS according to their relapsing or progressive pattern that include relapsing–remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), primary progressive (PPMS), and progressive relapsing (PRMS). There is no definite cure for MS, thus medications typically focus on slowing the progression of the disease, managing symptoms and improving the quality of life. There is no specific medication for the management of PPMS and thus these patients are often neglected. New medicines in this phase of the disease are needed. On the other hand injectable immunomodulatory medicines, which dominated the MS market for over the past two decades, raise the issues of adherence and tolerance while oral therapies do offer a step forward in convenience.
This systematic review article discusses the emerging synthetic small molecule that administered orally for MS treatment. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar to summaries the present knowledge on mechanism of action, and completed and current clinical trial of laquinimod, masitinib and siponimod. Data were collected from 1985 to January 2015.
The development of effective medicines for MS is critically dependent upon understanding the biological basis of this complex multifactorial disease. The current pharmacotherapeuetic options for its treatment are mainly immunomodulators which were developed on the basis that MS is an autoimmune disease. The new synthetic small molecule agents such as laquinimod, masitinib and siponimod with different mechanism of actions can be administered orally rather than by injection.
Keywords: Clinical trials, laquinimod, masitinib, multiple sclerosis, siponimod, systematic review.
Graphical Abstract
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued)
Title:A Systematic Review of Drugs in Late-Stage Development for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Focus on Oral Synthetic Drugs
Volume: 13 Issue: 6
Author(s): Malihe Safavi, Shekoufeh Nikfar and Mohammad Abdollahi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Clinical trials, laquinimod, masitinib, multiple sclerosis, siponimod, systematic review.
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous, chronic, debilitating immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There are four types of MS according to their relapsing or progressive pattern that include relapsing–remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), primary progressive (PPMS), and progressive relapsing (PRMS). There is no definite cure for MS, thus medications typically focus on slowing the progression of the disease, managing symptoms and improving the quality of life. There is no specific medication for the management of PPMS and thus these patients are often neglected. New medicines in this phase of the disease are needed. On the other hand injectable immunomodulatory medicines, which dominated the MS market for over the past two decades, raise the issues of adherence and tolerance while oral therapies do offer a step forward in convenience.
This systematic review article discusses the emerging synthetic small molecule that administered orally for MS treatment. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar to summaries the present knowledge on mechanism of action, and completed and current clinical trial of laquinimod, masitinib and siponimod. Data were collected from 1985 to January 2015.
The development of effective medicines for MS is critically dependent upon understanding the biological basis of this complex multifactorial disease. The current pharmacotherapeuetic options for its treatment are mainly immunomodulators which were developed on the basis that MS is an autoimmune disease. The new synthetic small molecule agents such as laquinimod, masitinib and siponimod with different mechanism of actions can be administered orally rather than by injection.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Safavi Malihe, Nikfar Shekoufeh and Abdollahi Mohammad, A Systematic Review of Drugs in Late-Stage Development for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Focus on Oral Synthetic Drugs, Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) 2014; 13 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871528114666150529102613
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871528114666150529102613 |
Print ISSN 1871-5281 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-4055 |
Related Articles
-
Progress of Biological Agents on Psoriatic Arthritis
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Clinical Use of Rituximab in Patients with HIV Related Lymphoma and Multicentric Castlemans Disease
Current Drug Delivery Microbes, Immunity and Multiple Sclerosis: An Update
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Antibodies as Crypts of Antiinfective and Antitumor Peptides
Current Medicinal Chemistry Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Therapy: A New Cause of Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Multiple Sclerosis: The Essentials
Medicinal Chemistry The Biology of Persistent Infection: Inflammation and Demyelination Following Murine Coronavirus Infection of the Central Nervous System
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Treatment Options in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Strategies in Autoimmune Diseases by Interfering with Leukocyte Endothelium Interaction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Leptomeningeal Metastasis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Pharmacological Targeting of IDO-Mediated Tolerance for Treating Autoimmune Disease
Current Drug Metabolism Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Evolutionary Force in Biologics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Emerging Therapeutic Approaches Multi-Targeting Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Promising Pharmacological, Molecular and Cellular Treatments of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of COL4A1 in Basement-Membrane Integrity and Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. The COL4A1 Stroke Syndrome
Current Medicinal Chemistry Immunotherapy for Targeting Tau Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease and Tauopathies
Current Alzheimer Research Chemotherapy and Delivery in the Treatment of Primary Brain Tumors
Current Clinical Pharmacology An Update on Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Biologic Therapy in Immune Mediated Inflammatory Disease: Basic Science and Clinical Concepts
Current Drug Safety Cerebrovascular Diseases in HIV-Infected Patients
Current HIV Research