Generic placeholder image

Current Cardiology Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-403X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6557

Minimally-invasive LVAD Implantation: State of the Art

Author(s): Jasmin S. Hanke, Sebastian V. Rojas, Murat Avsar, Axel Haverich and Jan D. Schmitto

Volume 11, Issue 3, 2015

Page: [246 - 251] Pages: 6

DOI: 10.2174/1573403X1103150514151750

Price: $65

Abstract

Nowadays, the worldwide number of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) being implanted per year is higher than the number of cardiac transplantations. The rapid developments in the field of mechanical support are characterized by continuous miniaturization and enhanced performance of the pumps, providing increased device durability and a prolonged survival of the patients. The miniaturization process enabled minimally-invasive implantation methods, which are associated with generally benefitting the overall outcome of patients. Therefore, these new implantation strategies are considered the novel state of the art in LVAD surgery.

In this paper we provide a comprehensive review on the existing literature on minimally-invasive techniques with an emphasis on the different implantation approaches and their individual surgical challenges.

Keywords: Ventricular Assist Device, VAD, Left Ventricular Assist Device, LVAD, Minimal-invasive surgery, cardiac surgery, implantation techniques.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Liotta D, Hall CW, Henly WS, et al. Prolonged assisted circulation during and after cardiac or aortic surgery. Prolonged partial left ventricular bypass by means of intracorporeal circulation. Am J Cardiol 1963; 12: 399-405.
[2]
Liotta D, Hall CW, Maness JH, DeBakey ME. The implantable intrathoracic circulatory pump: surgical technique. Cardiovasc Res Cent Bull 1964; 92: 54-61.
[3]
DeBakey M. Research in the Service of Man: Biomedical Knowledge Development and Use Committee of Government Operations United States Senate, USA. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.,. 1967.
[4]
Liotta D. Artificial Heart Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs): A Bridge-to-Recovery- The Novel LVAD III-intrathoracic small blood pump with atriostomy drainage for combination therapies. Editorial Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 14(5): 271-3.
[5]
Cooley DA, Liotta D, Hallman GL, et al. Orthotopic cardiac prosthesis for two-staged cardiac replacement. Am J Cardiol 1969; 24(5): 723-30.
[6]
Cooley DA. 100,000 hearts: a surgeon’s memoir. Austin, (TX):: Dolph Briscoe Center for American History 2012; p. xi.
[7]
Cooley DA. Some thoughts about the historic events that led to the first clinical implantation of a total artificial heart. Tex Heart Inst J 2013; 40(2): 117-9.
[8]
Barnard CN. The operation. A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. S Afr Med J 1967; 41: 1271-4.
[9]
Strueber M, Schmitto JD, Kutschka I, Haverich A. Placement of 2 implantable centrifugal pumps to serve as a total artificial heart after cardiectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143(2): 507-9.
[10]
Strueber M, O’Driscoll G, Jansz P, Khaghani A, Levy WC, Wieselthaler GM. Multicenter Evaluation of an Intrapericardial Left Ventricular Assist System. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 1375-82.
[11]
Slaughter MS, Rogers JG, Milano CA, et al. Advanced heart failure treated with continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 2241-51.
[12]
Mazzucotelli J-P, Leprince P, Litzler P-Y, et al. Results of mechanical circulatory support in France. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40: e112-7.
[13]
Rose EA, Gelijns AC, Moskowitz AJ, et al. Long-term use of a left ventricular assist device for end-stage heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1435-43.
[14]
Stehlik J, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, et al. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-eighth Adult Heart Transplant Report—2011. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011; 30: 1078-94.
[15]
Schmid C, Schmitto JD, Scheld HH. Herztransplantation in Deutschland Steinkopf Darmstadt; . 2003. ISBN No. 3-7985-1390- 2.
[16]
Schima H, Schlöglhofer T, Zu Dohna R, et al. Usability of ventricular assist devices in daily experience: a multicenter study. Artif Organs 2014; 38(9): 751-60.
[17]
Strueber M, Larbalestier R, Jansz P, et al. J Results of the post-market Registry to Evaluate the HeartWare Left Ventricular Assist System (ReVOLVE). Heart Lung Transplant 2014; 33(5): 486-91.
[18]
Schmitto JD, Molitoris U, Haverich A, Strueber M. Implantation of a centrifugal pump as a left ventricular assist device through a novel, minimized approach: Upper hemisternotomy combined with anterolateral thoracotomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143(2): 511-3.
[19]
Schmitto JD, Rojas SV, Hanke JS, Avsar M, Haverich A. Minimally Invasive Left Ventricular Assist Device Explantation After Cardiac Recovery: Surgical Technical Considerations. Artif Organs 2013; 38(6): 507-10.
[20]
Rojas SV, Avsar M, Khalpey Z, Hanke JS, Haverich A, Schmitto JD. Minimally invasive off-pump left ventricular assist device exchange: anterolateral thoracotomy. Artif Organs 2014; 38(7): 539-42.
[21]
Schmitto JD, Mohr FW, Cohn LH. Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement: how does this perform in high-risk patients? Curr Opin Cardiol 2011; 26(2): 118-22.
[22]
Schmitto JD, Mokashi SA, Cohn LH. Minimally-Invasive Valve Operations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56(6): 455-62.
[23]
Schmitto JD, Mokashi SA, Cohn LH. Past, present, and future of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. J Heart Valve Dis 2011; 20(5): 493-8.
[24]
Haberl T, Riebandt J, Mahr S, et al. Viennese approach to minimize the invasiveness of ventricular assist device implantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46(6): 991-6.
[25]
Popov AF, Hosseini MT, Zych B, Simon AR, Bahrami T. HeartWare left ventricular assist device implantation through bilateral anterior thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93(2): 674-6.
[26]
Hill JD, Avery GJ, Egrie G, Turley K, Reichenbach S. Less invasive Thoratec LVAD insertion: a surgical technique. Heart Surg Forum 2000; 3: 218-23.
[27]
Gregoric ID, La Francesca S, Myers T, et al. A less invasive approach to axial flow pump insertion. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27: 423-6.
[28]
Gregoric ID, Bruckner BA, Jacob L, et al. Clinical experience with sternotomy versus subcostal approach for exchange of the HeartMate XVE to the HeartMate II ventricular assist device. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 85(5): 1646-9.
[29]
Anyanwu AC. Technique for less invasive implantation of Heartmate II left ventricular assist device without median sternotomy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 23(3): 241-4.
[30]
Samuels LE, Casanova-Ghosh E, Rodriguez R, Droogan C. Left ventricular assist device implantation in high risk destination therapy patients: an alternative surgical approach. J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 7: 21.
[31]
Kar B, Delgado RM 3rd, Frazier OH, et al. The effect of LVAD aortic outflow-graft placement on hemodynamics and flow: Implantation technique and computer flow modeling. Tex Heart Inst J 2005; 32(3): 294-8.
[32]
Benk C, Mauch A, Beyersdorf F, et al. Effect of cannula position in the thoracic aorta with continuous left ventricular support: four-dimensional flow-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging in an in vitro model. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 44(3): 551-8.
[33]
Schmitto JD, Avsar M, Haverich A. Increase in left ventricular assist device thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370(15): 1463-4.
[34]
Strueber M, Meyer AL, Feussner M, Ender J, Correia JC, Mohr FW. A minimally invasive off-pump implantation technique for continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: early experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014; 33(8): 851-6.
[35]
Hanke JS, Rojas SV, Martens A, Schmitto JD. Minimally invasive left ventricular assist device implantation with outflow graft anastomosis to the innominate artery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; •••: S0022-5223.
[36]
Riebandt J, Sandner S, Mahr S, et al. Minimally invasive thoratec Heartmate II implantation in the setting of severe thoracic aortic calcification. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96(3): 1094-6.
[37]
Khalpey Z, Riaz IB, Marsh KM, et al. Robotic Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD). Implantation Using Left Thoracotomy Approach In Patients With Previous Sternotomies. ASAIO J 2015. [Epub ahead of print]
[38]
Nawata K, Nishimura T, Kyo S, et al. Outcomes of midterm circulatory support by left ventricular assist device implantation with descending aortic anastomosis. J Artif Organs 2010; 13(4): 197-201.
[39]
Tuzun E, Narin C, Gregoric ID, Cohn WE, Frazier OH. Ventricular assist device outflow-graft site: effect on myocardial blood flow. J Surg Res 2011; 171(1): 71-5.
[40]
Kar B, Delgado RM 3rd, et al. The effect of LVAD aortic outflow-graft placement on hemodynamics and flow: Implantation technique and computer flow modeling. Tex Heart Inst J 2005; 32(3): 294-8.
[41]
Mokashi SA, Schmitto JD, Lee LS, Rawn JD, Bolman RM 3rd, Shekar PS. Couper Ventricular assist device in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Artif Organs 2010; 34(11): 1030-4.
[42]
Schlensak C, Schibilsky D, Siepe M, et al. Biventricular cannulation is superior regarding hemodynamics and organ recovery in patients on biventricular assist device support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011; 30(9): 1011-7.
[43]
Cohn WE, Frazier OH. Off-pump insertion of an extracorporeal LVAD through a left upper-quadrant incision. Tex Heart Inst J 2006; 33: 48-50.
[44]
Strueber M, Meyer AL, Feussner M, et al. A minimally invasive off-pump implantation technique for continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: early experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014; 33(8): 851-6.
[45]
Cohn WE, Mallidi HR, Frazier OH. Safe, effective off-pump sternal sparing approach for HeartMate II exchange. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96(6): 2259-61.
[46]
Cheung A, Bashir J, Kaan A, Kealy J, Moss R, Shayan H. Minimally invasive, off-pump explant of a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010; 29(7): 808-10.
[47]
Rojas SV, Avsar M, Hanke JS, et al. Minimally Invasive Ventricular Assist Device Surgery. Artif Organs 2015. Mar 4[Epub ahead of print].
[48]
Rojas SV, Haverich A, Schmitto JD. Off-Pump Versus On-Pump Left Ventricular Assist Device Exchange. Artif Organs 2014; 38(11): 992.
[49]
Rojas SV, Avsar M, Uribarri A, et al. A new era of ventricular assist device surgery: less invasive procedures. Minerva Chir 2015; 70(1): 63-8.
[50]
Collart F, Feier H, Metras D, Mesana TG. A safe, alternative technique for off-pump left ventricular assist device implantation in high-risk reoperative cases. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2004; 3: 286-8.
[51]
Robertson JO, Grau-Sepulveda MV, Okada S, et al. Concomitant tricuspid valve surgery during implantation of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: a Society of Thoracic Surgeons database analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014; 33(6): 609-17.
[52]
Fujita T, Kobayashi J, Hata H, et al. Right heart failure and benefits of adjuvant tricuspid valve repair in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46(5): 802-7.
[53]
Walter V, Stock UA, Soriano-Romero M, et al. Eradication of a chronic wound and driveline infection after redo-LVAD implantation. J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 9: 63.
[54]
Baronetto A, Centofanti P, Attisani M, et al. A simple device to secure ventricular assist device driveline and prevent exit-site infection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 18(4): 415-7.
[55]
Nienaber JJ, Kusne S, Riaz T, et al. Mayo Cardiovascular Infections Study Group. Clinical manifestations and management of left ventricular assist device-associated infections. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57(10): 1438-48.
[56]
Goldstein DJ, Naftel D, Holman W, et al. Continuous-flow devices and percutaneous site infections: clinical outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012; 31(11): 1151-7.
[57]
Schibilsky D, Benk C, Haller C, et al. Double tunnel technique for the LVAD driveline: improved management regarding driveline infections. J Artif Organs 2012; 15(1): 44-8.
[58]
Fleissner F, Avsar M, Malehsa D, et al. Reduction of driveline infections through doubled driveline tunneling of left ventricular assist devices. Artif Organs 2013; 37(1): 102-7.
[59]
Singh A, Russo MJ, Valeroso TB, et al. Modified HeartMate II Driveline Externalization Technique Significantly Decreases Incidence of Infection and Improves Long-Term Survival. ASAIO J 2014.
[60]
Schmitto JD, Hanke JS, Rojas SV, Avsar M, Haverich A. First implantation in man of a new magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device (HeartMate III). J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [Epub ahead of print].

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version341msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[02:53:17] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[02:53:17] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[02:53:17] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (130ms)time
  • Application (210ms)time
  • 1 x Application (61.77%)
    210ms
    1 x Booting (38.22%)
    130ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    37 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 33 unique. Show only duplicated138ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316381173','',1,1739847197,1739847197) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739847197
      960μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316381173','/article/67314',1,1739847197,1739847197)
      670μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316381173 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316381173) limit 1
      13.76msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 316381173
      • 1: 316381173
      • 2: 316381173
      • 3: 316381173
      • 4: 316381173
      • 5: 316381173
      • 6: 316381173
      • 7: 316381173
      • 8: 316381173
      • 9: 316381173
      • 10: 316381173
      • 11: 316381173
      • 12: 316381173
      • 13: 316381173
      • 14: 316381173
      • 15: 316381173
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=67314
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 16 limit 1
      820μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 16
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and sj.journal_id!=16 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and sj.journal_id!=16 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      760μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      790μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '67314'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 67314
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '67314'
      1.77msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 67314
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '67314' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.98msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 67314
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      470μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 16 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      25.73msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 16 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      4.51msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 16 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      4.11msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 67314 limit 1
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 67314
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 67314 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid article_nid,a.title article_title,j.title journal_title from content_by_diseases cd inner join article a on a.article_id=cd.content_id inner join journal j on j.journal_id=a.journal_id where cd.pid = 258 and cd.sub_disease_id = 369 and content_id!=67314 and cd.content_type = 'article' order by rand() limit 20
      53.77msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#769
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:769
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2098
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 131298 limit 1
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 131298
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CCR' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CCR
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '67314' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '6367' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '1546' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316381173 and j.to_ip >=316381173 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847197 and j.to_date >= 1739847197 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1546) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316381173 and j.to_ip >=316381173 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847197 and j.to_date >= 1739847197 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1546) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316381173 and j.to_ip >=316381173 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847197 and j.to_date >= 1739847197 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1546)
      16.67msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316381173 and j.to_ip >=316381173 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847197 and j.to_date >= 1739847197 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 6367) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316381173 and j.to_ip >=316381173 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847197 and j.to_date >= 1739847197 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 6367) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316381173 and j.to_ip >=316381173 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847197 and j.to_date >= 1739847197 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 6367)
      580μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316381173 and j.to_ip >=316381173 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847197 and j.to_date >= 1739847197 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 67314) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316381173 and j.to_ip >=316381173 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847197 and j.to_date >= 1739847197 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 67314) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316381173 and j.to_ip >=316381173 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847197 and j.to_date >= 1739847197 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 67314)
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '246' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 6367 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      470μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 246
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '251' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 6367 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 251
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      160μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      170μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 67314 limit 1
      2.38msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 67314
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 16 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847197 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847197 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 16
      • 3: 1739847197
      • 4: 1739847197
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 16 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847197 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847197 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 16
      • 3: 1739847197
      • 4: 1739847197
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='a68375c573147f0a955e9c05bea41a66'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        RK2e0vOCAfk12pzTeyYW7VP0ywRWKvaX7JKvmeWC
        uc_cart_id
        a68375c573147f0a955e9c05bea41a66
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/67314" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/67314
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 02:53:17 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5kYU5lMkhaZUpZK3l1YUxXZ01hM3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFdyT0xaVmNiUWNxN2cyMGN3STNtWDhTVkdhSzJ6QWtVSHlONG83d2l3TWVLb0VocFNuRkZpZ1VPQjY1Y2dMS3kzdXBEMDBvVTVVTHlMYUNQdlh5T2M4TUtOdnZZbFcrN2x5b08zblFrMTdaT3JoUytFdXJLb3VUdWwveWdPMmIiLCJtYWMiOiI1YzM2NGMxZmNlMzM3MWIxMGY4YzY3NzA4YjBmMDk1ZWQ3NmM5YTU3MmE1ZTI2YmM5MGRmZTk0OTBmOTYxMmVlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 14:53:17 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5kYU5lMkhaZUpZK3l1YUxXZ01hM3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFdyT0xaVmNiUWNxN2cyMGN3STNtWDhTVkdhSzJ6QWtVSHlONG83d2l3TWVLb0VocFNuRkZpZ1VPQjY1Y2dMS3kzdXBEM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlNCdUlyK1F4MHovYUIrRWtuVHcwdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDRDR3c5Zytma2dtSDBwekREOFpoTUQ0WmVZMHRhK2pPUHdCdDV6UllWRUhKd3dhK3l6WklpT25scTh5VHVuUWZlOG9ES2plQkJhOG5TcEhJamRZcTIwdXJLMDhFMlVzbDg3b3lpMHR4RGUwdnhrMXdjZklJdFhEYnk4UVdxOHAiLCJtYWMiOiJlNDY2NGJlOTY1YmM1MGM3OGEyMzg3M2IyYjVmYTUzNTM3N2M1NjhjZjI4MGMwNWEzNzE4YTFjMDQ5YzJiNmEzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlNCdUlyK1F4MHovYUIrRWtuVHcwdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDRDR3c5Zytma2dtSDBwekREOFpoTUQ0WmVZMHRhK2pPUHdCdDV6UllWRUhKd3dhK3l6WklpT25" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5kYU5lMkhaZUpZK3l1YUxXZ01hM3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFdyT0xaVmNiUWNxN2cyMGN3STNtWDhTVkdhSzJ6QWtVSHlONG83d2l3TWVLb0VocFNuRkZpZ1VPQjY1Y2dMS3kzdXBEMDBvVTVVTHlMYUNQdlh5T2M4TUtOdnZZbFcrN2x5b08zblFrMTdaT3JoUytFdXJLb3VUdWwveWdPMmIiLCJtYWMiOiI1YzM2NGMxZmNlMzM3MWIxMGY4YzY3NzA4YjBmMDk1ZWQ3NmM5YTU3MmE1ZTI2YmM5MGRmZTk0OTBmOTYxMmVlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 14:53:17 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5kYU5lMkhaZUpZK3l1YUxXZ01hM3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFdyT0xaVmNiUWNxN2cyMGN3STNtWDhTVkdhSzJ6QWtVSHlONG83d2l3TWVLb0VocFNuRkZpZ1VPQjY1Y2dMS3kzdXBEM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlNCdUlyK1F4MHovYUIrRWtuVHcwdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDRDR3c5Zytma2dtSDBwekREOFpoTUQ0WmVZMHRhK2pPUHdCdDV6UllWRUhKd3dhK3l6WklpT25scTh5VHVuUWZlOG9ES2plQkJhOG5TcEhJamRZcTIwdXJLMDhFMlVzbDg3b3lpMHR4RGUwdnhrMXdjZklJdFhEYnk4UVdxOHAiLCJtYWMiOiJlNDY2NGJlOTY1YmM1MGM3OGEyMzg3M2IyYjVmYTUzNTM3N2M1NjhjZjI4MGMwNWEzNzE4YTFjMDQ5YzJiNmEzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlNCdUlyK1F4MHovYUIrRWtuVHcwdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDRDR3c5Zytma2dtSDBwekREOFpoTUQ0WmVZMHRhK2pPUHdCdDV6UllWRUhKd3dhK3l6WklpT25" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "RK2e0vOCAfk12pzTeyYW7VP0ywRWKvaX7JKvmeWC" "uc_cart_id" => "a68375c573147f0a955e9c05bea41a66" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/67314" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 02:53:17GET/article/67314314371