Title:The Impact of the Emerging Genomics Data on the Management of Agerelated Phenotypes in the Context of Cellular Senescence
Volume: 17
Issue: 4
Author(s): Alberto Montesanto, Silvana Geracitano, Sabrina Garasto, Sergio Fusco, Fabrizia Lattanzio and Giuseppe Passarino and Andrea Corsonello
Affiliation:
关键词:
基因组的风险概况，遗传风险评分，预防医学，衰老，基因预测，全基因组关联研究。
摘要: Before the last decade, attempts to identify the genetic factors involved in the susceptibility
to age-related complex diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer had very limited
success. Recently, two important advancements have provided new opportunities to improve our
knowledge in this field. Firstly, it has emerged the concept of studying the molecular mechanisms underlying
the age related decline of the organism (such as cellular senescence), rather than the genetics
of single disorders. In addition, advances in DNA technology have uncovered an incredible number of
common susceptibility variants for several complex traits. Despite these progresses, the translation of these discoveries
into clinical practice has been very difficult. To date, several attempts in translating genomics to medicine are being carried
out to look for the best way by which genomic discoveries may improve our understanding of fundamental issues in
the prediction and prevention of some complex diseases. The successful strategy seems to be testing simultaneously multiple
susceptibility variants in combination with traditional risk factors. In fact, such approach showed that genetic factors
substantially improve the prediction of complex diseases especially for coronary heart disease and prostate cancer, making
possible appropriate behavioural and medical interventions.
In the future, the identification of new genetic variants and their inclusion into current risk profile models will probably
improve the discrimination power of these models for other complex diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast
cancer. On the other hand, for traits with low heritability, this improvement will probably be negligible, and this will urge
further researches on the role played by traditional and newly discovered non-genetic risk factors.
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