摘要
当前迅猛发展的纳米技术和工程纳米材料(ENM)将成为未来几十年内影响社会的一个主要方式。这些发展也造成了巨大的安全隐患。在ENM的许多颇具前途的应用当中,一些可以用来诊断和治疗疾病,包括影响神经系统条件的产品正在发展当中。ENM可以透过血脑屏障而在大脑中累积。似乎是以纳米形式而不是化学物质的散装形式透过血脑屏障,且在粒径和渗透血脑屏障的能力之间存在着反比关系。尽管在实验条件下,工程纳米材料转移到大脑中是可行的,但是对于真正的生命条件下的健康相关性还远未明朗。一个主要的原因是,该研究中使用的纳米颗粒的浓度远远大于可在实际暴露中可以预期的浓度。但是,非常高的中枢神经系统暴露会影响神经传递,氧化还原平衡和行为举止。现有的研究已经集中在第一代ENM材料可能产生的影响上。有必要在独立于当前研究结果的基础上,研究预期的先进的新材料对健康造成的影响。预期的或者靶标性的医学方面的应用的前景相对乐观,因为已经证明了ENM能够透过血脑屏障及到达大脑中的特定区域或细胞。
关键词: 轴突传输,血脑屏障,大脑,体内,体外,纳米颗粒,易位,无意识和预期的暴露
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Interactions Between Nanosized Materials and the Brain
Volume: 21 Issue: 37
Author(s): M. Simko and Mats-Olof Mattsson
Affiliation:
关键词: 轴突传输,血脑屏障,大脑,体内,体外,纳米颗粒,易位,无意识和预期的暴露
摘要: The current rapid development of nanotechnologies and engineered nanomaterials (ENM) will impact the society in a major fashion during the coming decades. This development also causes substantial safety concerns. Among the many promising applications of ENM, products that can be used for diagnosis and treatment of diseases, including conditions that affect the nervous system, are under development. ENM can pass the blood brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate within the brain. It seems that the nano-form rather than the bulk form of the chemicals pass the BBB, and that there is an inverse relationship between particle size and the ability to penetrate the BBB. Although translocation of ENM to the brain is possible during experimental conditions, the health relevance for real-life situations is far from clear. One major reason for this is that studies have been using nanoparticle concentrations that are far higher than the ones that can be expected during realistic exposures. However, very high exposure to the CNS can cause effects on neurotransmission, redox homeostasis and behavior. Available studies have been focusing on possible effects of the first generation of ENM. It will be necessary to study possible health effects also of expected novel sophisticated materials, independent of the outcome of present studies. The prospects for intended or targeted medical applications are promising since it has been shown that ENM can be made to pass the BBB and reach specific regions or cells within the brain.
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Cite this article as:
Simko M. and Mattsson Mats-Olof, Interactions Between Nanosized Materials and the Brain, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2014; 21 (37) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140716100449
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140716100449 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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