摘要
活性氧(ROS)目前在许多生物进程和调节细胞生理功能中发挥着一些重要作用,ROS是一个多相化学类别,包括自由基,例如超氧化物离子(O2•-)、羟基自由基(OH•)和一氧化氮 (NO•),和非自由基,例如过氧化氢(H2O2)、单线态氧(1O2)、次氯酸(HOCl)和过氧亚硝基(NO3 -)。在心血管系统中,除了在大动脉和其他诸如充血性心衰、动脉粥样硬化和血栓等重大疾病的发展进程中发挥重要作用外,ROS也调节生理进程。来自大量心血管研究的证据表明ROS作为第二信使,通过影响多种系统和细胞类型中的离散信号传导通路从而在血管内稳态中发挥重要作用。它们产生于整个血管系统,调节血管平滑肌细胞的分化与收缩、控制血管内皮细胞的增殖与迁移、调节血小板的激活与止血、显著促进免疫应答。我们对ROS化学和细胞生物学的理解使我们意识到不同的ROS在心血管生理中发挥着不同的重要作用。本文将概述心血管系统中不同ROS的来源、功能和分子作用机制,并描述他们在健康的心血管生理和内稳态中的新作用。
关键词: 心血管系统,内皮,过氧化氢,血小板,活性氧,氧化还原,平滑肌,超氧化物阴离子
Current Molecular Medicine
Title:Reactive Oxygen Species: Physiological Roles in the Regulation of Vascular Cells
Volume: 14 Issue: 9
Author(s): D. Vara and G. Pula
Affiliation:
关键词: 心血管系统,内皮,过氧化氢,血小板,活性氧,氧化还原,平滑肌,超氧化物阴离子
摘要: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now appreciated to play several important roles in a number of biological processes and regulate cell physiology and function. ROS are a heterogeneous chemical class that includes radicals, such as superoxide ion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (OH•) and nitric oxide (NO•), and non-radicals, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen (1O2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and peroxynitrite (NO3 -). In the cardiovascular system, besides playing a critical role in the development and progression of vasculopathies and other important pathologies such as congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis and thrombosis, ROS also regulate physiological processes. Evidence from a wealth of cardiovascular research studies suggests that ROS act as second messengers and play an essential role in vascular homeostasis by influencing discrete signal transduction pathways in various systems and cell types. They are produced throughout the vascular system, regulate differentiation and contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells, control vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration, mediate platelet activation and haemostasis, and significantly contribute to the immune response. Our understanding of ROS chemistry and cell biology has evolved to the point of realizing that different ROS have distinct and important roles in cardiovascular physiology. This review will outline sources, functions and molecular mechanisms of action of different ROS in the cardiovascular system and will describe their emerging role in healthy cardiovascular physiology and homeostasis.
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Cite this article as:
Vara D. and Pula G., Reactive Oxygen Species: Physiological Roles in the Regulation of Vascular Cells, Current Molecular Medicine 2014; 14 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524014666140603114010
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524014666140603114010 |
Print ISSN 1566-5240 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5666 |
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