Abstract
Immune activation not only accompanies inflammation in various disorders including infections, autoimmune syndromes and cancer, but it also represents a characteristic feature of ageing. Immune deviations which are most widely expressed in the elderly include increased neopterin production and tryptophan breakdown. These biochemical events result from the activation of the immune system and are preferentially triggered by pro-inflammatory stimuli, such as the Th1-type cytokine interferon-γ. They seem to play a role in the development of several age-related disorders and might be involved in the pathogenesis of common symptoms, including neurobehavioral disorders (e.g., cognitive and mood disturbances), anemia, cachexia, weight-loss but also immunodeficiency. Concentrations of the biomarkers neopterin and Kyn/Trp were found to be predictive of overall disease specific mortality in coronary artery disease, infections and various types of cancer. Immune activation and inflammation are also accompanied by high output of reactive oxygen species and thereby may lead to the development of oxidative stress and contribute to the vitamin deficiency which is often observed in the elderly. Accordingly, increases in neopterin were found to correlate with a substantial decline in key vitamins, including folate and vitamin-B6, - B12, -C, -D and -E.
Keywords: Aging, neopterin, tryptophan breakdown, inflammation, antioxidants, vitamins.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Activated Immune System and Inflammation in Healthy Ageing: Relevance for Tryptophan and Neopterin Metabolism
Volume: 20 Issue: 38
Author(s): Lucile Capuron, Simon Geisler, Katharina Kurz, Friedrich Leblhuber, Barbara Sperner-Unterweger and Dietmar Fuchs
Affiliation:
Keywords: Aging, neopterin, tryptophan breakdown, inflammation, antioxidants, vitamins.
Abstract: Immune activation not only accompanies inflammation in various disorders including infections, autoimmune syndromes and cancer, but it also represents a characteristic feature of ageing. Immune deviations which are most widely expressed in the elderly include increased neopterin production and tryptophan breakdown. These biochemical events result from the activation of the immune system and are preferentially triggered by pro-inflammatory stimuli, such as the Th1-type cytokine interferon-γ. They seem to play a role in the development of several age-related disorders and might be involved in the pathogenesis of common symptoms, including neurobehavioral disorders (e.g., cognitive and mood disturbances), anemia, cachexia, weight-loss but also immunodeficiency. Concentrations of the biomarkers neopterin and Kyn/Trp were found to be predictive of overall disease specific mortality in coronary artery disease, infections and various types of cancer. Immune activation and inflammation are also accompanied by high output of reactive oxygen species and thereby may lead to the development of oxidative stress and contribute to the vitamin deficiency which is often observed in the elderly. Accordingly, increases in neopterin were found to correlate with a substantial decline in key vitamins, including folate and vitamin-B6, - B12, -C, -D and -E.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Capuron Lucile, Geisler Simon, Kurz Katharina, Leblhuber Friedrich, Sperner-Unterweger Barbara and Fuchs Dietmar, Activated Immune System and Inflammation in Healthy Ageing: Relevance for Tryptophan and Neopterin Metabolism, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (38) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140317110217
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140317110217 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Repurposed Drugs in Metabolic Disorders
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Chronic Exposure to Low-Level Cadmium in Diabetes: Role of Oxidative Stress and Comparison with Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Current Drug Targets Isolated Systolic Hypertension: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment
Current Hypertension Reviews Closed-loop Neuropharmacology for Epilepsy: Distant Dream or Future Reality?
Current Neuropharmacology The Critical Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Isoforms in the Physiopathology of Skeletal Muscle
Current Genomics Personalized and Participatory Medicine as a Future Tool to Combat Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Nutraceuticals - An Emerging Era in the Treatment and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Cardiac Vascular Diseases: An Update from Human Studies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Prasugrel: A Novel Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute Coronary Syndromes
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Arterial Dilatation-Related Diseases: The Prerequisite Condition of Arterial Elastic Tissue Damage and Endovascular Treatment
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging Exploitation of Some Natural Products for the Prevention and/or Nutritional Treatment of SARS-CoV2 Infection
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Emerging Pharmacological Treatments to Prevent Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth and Rupture
Current Pharmaceutical Design Beyond Lipoprotein Receptors: Learning from Receptor Knockouts Mouse Models about New Targets for Reduction of the Atherosclerotic Plaque.
Current Molecular Medicine Chronic Kidney Disease and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events: A Community-Based Approach
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) BACE1 Structure and Function in Health and Alzheimers Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Cardioprotector Activity of an Esteroidal Saponin: A Scientific and Technological Prospection
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Chronic Kidney Disease - Different Role for HDL?
Current Medicinal Chemistry ISCHEMIRs: Finding a Way Through the Obstructed Cerebral Arteries
Current Drug Targets Targeting the Platelet Integrin GPIIb/IIIa
Current Pharmaceutical Design Using Current Data to Define New Approach in Age Related Macular Degeneration: Need to Accelerate Translational Research
Current Genomics