Abstract
Neuroinflammatory processes appear to play a fundamental role in the pathology associated with a number of neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. In this respect, the immunocompetent brain microglia and peripheral macrophages release a host of proinflammatory cytokines that not only modulate immunological processes but also influence neuronal functioning and even survival. For instance, alterations of the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as several of the interferons and interleukins have been associated with Parkinson;s disease (PD) and clinical depression. Importantly, anti-inflammatory treatments that block these cytokines may impart protection against behavioural pathology and neuronal damage in animal models of PD and depression involving exposure to environmental toxins and stressors, respectively. The present review highlights the involvement of inflammatory cells and cytokines in depression and PD and explores some of the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the immunotransmitters affect neuronal functioning. Attention is also devoted to the possibility that cytokines may sensitize neuroinflammatory pathways that, in turn, favour long-term pathology.
Keywords: cytokine, sensitization, depression, parkinsons disease, neurodegeneration, microglia, neurochemical, neurotoxin
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Multiple Mechanisms of Cytokine Action in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric States: Neurochemical and Molecular Substrates
Volume: 11 Issue: 8
Author(s): Shawn Hayley and Hymie Anisman
Affiliation:
Keywords: cytokine, sensitization, depression, parkinsons disease, neurodegeneration, microglia, neurochemical, neurotoxin
Abstract: Neuroinflammatory processes appear to play a fundamental role in the pathology associated with a number of neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. In this respect, the immunocompetent brain microglia and peripheral macrophages release a host of proinflammatory cytokines that not only modulate immunological processes but also influence neuronal functioning and even survival. For instance, alterations of the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as several of the interferons and interleukins have been associated with Parkinson;s disease (PD) and clinical depression. Importantly, anti-inflammatory treatments that block these cytokines may impart protection against behavioural pathology and neuronal damage in animal models of PD and depression involving exposure to environmental toxins and stressors, respectively. The present review highlights the involvement of inflammatory cells and cytokines in depression and PD and explores some of the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the immunotransmitters affect neuronal functioning. Attention is also devoted to the possibility that cytokines may sensitize neuroinflammatory pathways that, in turn, favour long-term pathology.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Hayley Shawn and Anisman Hymie, Multiple Mechanisms of Cytokine Action in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric States: Neurochemical and Molecular Substrates, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005; 11 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612053381611
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612053381611 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Targets for Medical Therapy to Limit Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression
Current Drug Targets Flow and Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Medicinally Relevant Indoles
Current Green Chemistry Editorial [Hot Topic: Novel Pharmacological Therapies for Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure (Executive Guest Editor: Peter M. Kang)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pluripotent Stem Cell Derivation and Differentiation Toward Cardiac Muscle: Novel Techniques and Advances in Patent Literature
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Editorial (Towards Better Understanding on Psychiatric Disorder, Ocular Diseases, Heart Disease and Cancer)
Current Molecular Medicine Treatment and Response to Statins: Gender-related Differences
Current Medicinal Chemistry Application of Hematopoietic Cells to Therapeutic Angiogenesis
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Effect of Sex and Gender on Diabetic Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Anti-Atherosclerotic Molecules Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Endothelial Progenitors in Vascular Repair and Angiogenesis: How Many are Needed and What to do?
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Stroke: Targets for Intervention
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Green Tea Polyphenols as an Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent for Cardiovascular Protection
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Hyperhomocysteinemia in Movement Disorders: Current Evidence and Hypotheses
Current Vascular Pharmacology Targeting IL-17 and IL-23 in Immune Mediated Renal Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Therapeutical Effect of Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Pathophysiological Basis of Carotid Baroreceptor Stimulation for the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension
Current Vascular Pharmacology Polypharmacy in Cardiovascular Medicine: Problems and Promises!
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Synthetic and Medicinal Prospective of Structurally Modified Curcumins
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Drug Repurposing: An Emerging Tool for Drug Reuse, Recycling and Discovery
Current Drug Research Reviews Canine Nutritional Model: Influence of Age, Diet, and Genetics on Health and Well-Being
Current Nutrition & Food Science