Immunotherapy for Food Allergies in Children

Title:Immunotherapy for Food Allergies in Children

Volume: 20 Issue: 6

Author(s): Francesco Martinolli, Silvia Carraro, Mariangela Berardi, Valentina Ferraro, Eugenio Baraldi and Stefania Zanconato

Affiliation:

Keywords: Anaphylaxis, allergic children, allergic reaction, desensitization, food allergy, oral immunotherapy, oral tolerance induction.

Abstract: Food allergy is an increasingly prevalent problem all over the world and especially in westernized countries, and there is an unmet medical need for an effective form of therapy. During childhood natural tolerance development is frequent, but some children with cow's milk or hen's egg allergy and the majority of children with peanut allergy will remain allergic until adulthood, limiting not only the diet of patients but also their quality of life. Within the last several years, the usefulness of immunotherapy for food allergies has been investigated in food allergic patients. Several food immunotherapies are being developed; these involve oral, sublingual, epicutaneous, or subcutaneous administration of small amounts of native or modified allergens to induce immune tolerance. The approach generally follows the same principles as immunotherapy of other allergic disorders and involves administering small increasing doses of food during an induction phase followed by a maintenance phase with regular intake of a maximum tolerated amount of food. Oral immunotherapy seems to be a promising approach for food allergic patients based on results from small uncontrolled and controlled studies. Diet containing heated milk and egg may represent an alternative approach to oral immunomodulation for cow’s milk and egg allergic subjects. However, oral food immunotherapy remains an investigational treatment to be further studied before advancing into clinical practice. Additional bigger, multicentric and hopefully randomized-controlled studies must answer multiple questions including optimal dose, ideal duration of immunotherapy, degree of protection, efficacy for different ages, severity and type of food allergy responsive to treatment.

Cite this article as:

Martinolli Francesco, Carraro Silvia, Berardi Mariangela, Ferraro Valentina, Baraldi Eugenio and Zanconato Stefania, Immunotherapy for Food Allergies in Children, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990053