Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex epigenetic puzzle, the antecedents of which are presumed to lie in neurodevelopmental dysmaturation. This dysmaturation has an impact on children and adolescents at genetic risk for schizophrenia. In this framework, normative mechanisms of brain development that are highly dynamic in adolescence are likely to be disrupted in the at-risk adolescent brain. It is likely that what is affected is the integrity of brain networks that sub-serve fundamental domains of function such as sustained attention. Notably, expansion in proficiency in sustained attention that is characteristic of typical development is likely to be compromised in adolescents at risk for schizophrenia. This confluence of at-risk adolescents and neuro-behavioral domains of inquiry is discussed. We outline the evidence for developmental antecedents of schizophrenia, and their bases in systems and molecular mechanisms in the brain. Then we juxtapose these results against neuro-behavioral evidence of attention deficits in high-risk populations, and fMRI evidence of dysfunctional responses in critical brain regions. We end by advocating the application of systems-based approaches toward understanding the progression of network dysfunction in the adolescent risk-state.
Keywords: Sustained attention, schizophrenia, risk, Brain networks.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Adolescent Risk Pathways Toward Schizophrenia: Sustained Attention and the Brain
Volume: 12 Issue: 21
Author(s): V.A. Diwadkar
Affiliation:
Keywords: Sustained attention, schizophrenia, risk, Brain networks.
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a complex epigenetic puzzle, the antecedents of which are presumed to lie in neurodevelopmental dysmaturation. This dysmaturation has an impact on children and adolescents at genetic risk for schizophrenia. In this framework, normative mechanisms of brain development that are highly dynamic in adolescence are likely to be disrupted in the at-risk adolescent brain. It is likely that what is affected is the integrity of brain networks that sub-serve fundamental domains of function such as sustained attention. Notably, expansion in proficiency in sustained attention that is characteristic of typical development is likely to be compromised in adolescents at risk for schizophrenia. This confluence of at-risk adolescents and neuro-behavioral domains of inquiry is discussed. We outline the evidence for developmental antecedents of schizophrenia, and their bases in systems and molecular mechanisms in the brain. Then we juxtapose these results against neuro-behavioral evidence of attention deficits in high-risk populations, and fMRI evidence of dysfunctional responses in critical brain regions. We end by advocating the application of systems-based approaches toward understanding the progression of network dysfunction in the adolescent risk-state.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Diwadkar V.A., Adolescent Risk Pathways Toward Schizophrenia: Sustained Attention and the Brain, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2012; 12 (21) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026611212210006
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026611212210006 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Neurodevelopmental Animal Models of Schizophrenia: Effects on Prepulse Inhibition
Current Molecular Medicine Beyond Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Treating Alzheimer's Disease: α7-nAChR Agonists in Human Clinical Trials
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Patents on Morphometric Analysis of Eukaryotic Cells
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging Zebrafish Model in Drug Safety Assessment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Functional Neurochemistry of Alzheimers Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Kynurenines and PACAP in Migraine: Medicinal Chemistry and Pathogenetic Aspects
Current Medicinal Chemistry Sensory-Dependent Knowledge in Young and Elderly Adults: Argument from the Cross-Modal Priming Effect
Current Aging Science The Etiology of Hypertension in the Metabolic Syndrome Part Two: The Gene-Environment Interaction
Current Vascular Pharmacology Role of Genetic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Radial Deficiencies in Humans
Current Genomics Repurposing of Anti-Diabetic Agents for the Treatment of Cognitive Impairment and Mood Disorders
Current Molecular Medicine An Update of the Review of Neuropsychological Consequences of HIV and Substance Abuse: A Literature Review and Implications for Treatment and Future Research
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Phosphodiesterases as Therapeutic Targets for Huntington’s Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Multiple Species Metabolism of PHA-568487, A Selective α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist
Drug Metabolism Letters Group-Analysis of Resting-State fMRI Based on Bayesian Network: A Comparison of Three Virtual-Typical-Subject Methods
Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Guiding Lineage Specific Differentiation of SHED for Target Tissue/Organ Regeneration
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Ability of older people with dementia or cognitive impairment to manage medicine regimens: a narrative review
Current Clinical Pharmacology Detection of Cognitive Impairment by Choice Auditory Reaction Time (ART) and Visual Reaction Time (VRT)s during Acute Mental Stress in Young Hypertensives: A Case Control Study
Current Hypertension Reviews Ketamine for Chronic Pain and Treatment Resistant Depression: A Mechanistic Hypothesis
Current Drug Therapy The Implications of Iodine and its Supplementation During Pregnancy in Fetal Brain Development
Current Clinical Pharmacology Integration of <sup>18</sup>FDG-PET Metabolic and Functional Connectomes in the Early Diagnosis and Prognosis of the Alzheimer's Disease
Current Alzheimer Research