Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a complex multisystem disease characterized by vascular involvement and generalized disturbance of the microcirculation. Pulmonary vascular disease leads to systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary arterial hypertension (SScPAH). SScPAH is a devastating complication with a considerable impact on prognosis, being a common cause of disease-related death. The ability to detect this process at an early stage by simple means would be of great value, since effective treatment is now available. There is increasing evidence that several biomarkers increase in proportion to the extent of right ventricular dysfunction and correlate with hemodynamic, echocardiographic and functional measurements of pulmonary vascular disease. Biomarkers may be used to identify high-risk patients for more invasive procedures, provide prognostic information, and guide vasodilator therapy. In this article, we review potential biomarkers in SScPAH as tools for screening, diagnostic evaluation, risk stratification, prediction of disease severity and indicators of treatment efficacy.
Keywords: Systemic sclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, natriuretic peptides, asymmetric dimethylarginine, biomarkers, nitric oxide
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title: Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis-Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Volume: 9 Issue: 2
Author(s): Theodoros Dimitroulas, Georgios Giannakoulas, Haralambos Karvounis, Loukas Settas and George D. Kitas
Affiliation:
Keywords: Systemic sclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, natriuretic peptides, asymmetric dimethylarginine, biomarkers, nitric oxide
Abstract: Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a complex multisystem disease characterized by vascular involvement and generalized disturbance of the microcirculation. Pulmonary vascular disease leads to systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary arterial hypertension (SScPAH). SScPAH is a devastating complication with a considerable impact on prognosis, being a common cause of disease-related death. The ability to detect this process at an early stage by simple means would be of great value, since effective treatment is now available. There is increasing evidence that several biomarkers increase in proportion to the extent of right ventricular dysfunction and correlate with hemodynamic, echocardiographic and functional measurements of pulmonary vascular disease. Biomarkers may be used to identify high-risk patients for more invasive procedures, provide prognostic information, and guide vasodilator therapy. In this article, we review potential biomarkers in SScPAH as tools for screening, diagnostic evaluation, risk stratification, prediction of disease severity and indicators of treatment efficacy.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Dimitroulas Theodoros, Giannakoulas Georgios, Karvounis Haralambos, Settas Loukas and D. Kitas George, Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis-Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2011; 9 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016111794519381
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016111794519381 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Neurotoxins: Free Radical Mechanisms and Melatonin Protection
Current Neuropharmacology The Dopamine D3 Receptor: A Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design How and When Environmental Agents and Dietary Factors Affect the Course of Alzheimers Disease: The “LEARn” Model (Latent Early-Life Associated Regulation) May Explain the Triggering of AD
Current Alzheimer Research Toll-Like Receptors and Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion, Inflammation, and Injury
Current Cardiology Reviews Prolylcarboxypeptidase Gene Expression in the Heart and Kidney: Effects of Obesity and Diabetes
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Hypertension in the Elderly: An Evidence-based Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Contemporary Management of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Effects of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Function in Short and Long-Term Kidney Function
Current Cardiology Reviews Vascular Disease: A New Progenitor Biology
Current Vascular Pharmacology Clinical Potential of VIP by Modified Pharmaco-kinetics and Delivery Mechanisms
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Cardiovascular Surveillance of Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy and Female Carriers
Current Pediatric Reviews Regulatory Role of Brg1 and Brm in the Vasculature: From Organogenesis to Stress-Induced Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Myocardial Infarction Following Atherosclerosis in Murine Models
Current Drug Targets The Role of Novel Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Adiponectin and Leptin
Current Cardiology Reviews Metabolic Acidosis in Sepsis
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets The Genetics of Small-Vessel Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Long Way to Objectify Organ Damage Related to Cocaine Abuse: Oxidative Stress is the Main Culprit
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Nitric Oxide and Protection against Cardiac Ischemia
Current Pharmaceutical Design Systemic Sclerosis: From Pathogenesis Towards Targeted Immunotherapies
Current Rheumatology Reviews