Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection:Lessons from Lithium

Saeed      Yadranji Aghdam; Steven   W.   Barger

doi:10.2174/156720507779939832

Abstract

For over fifty years lithium has been a fundamental component of therapy for patients with bipolar disorders. Lithium has been considered recently for its potential to alleviate neuronal loss and other neurodegeneration processes. For instance, lithium reduces the severity of some behavioral complications of Alzheimers disease (AD). And there are growing indications that lithium may be of benefit to the underlying pathology of AD, as well as an array of other common CNS disorders, including stroke, Parkinsons disease, and Huntingtons disease. Despite these demonstrated and prospective therapeutic benefits, lithiums mechanism of action remains elusive, and opinions differ regarding the most relevant molecular targets. Lithium inhibits several enzymes; significant among these are inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), and the proteasome. Most recent publications discussing the medical application of lithium have converged on GSK-3, so this article reviews data and discussions regarding the roles and interactions of GSK-3 with other proteins and its proposed role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease.

Keywords: Alzheimer disease, neuronal apoptosis, Tau Phosphorylation, Presenilin- 1, Amyloid beta

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