Abstract
Thirty years after the discovery of HIV infection, there are numerous antiretroviral drugs that control the disease when administered in a potent combination referred to as Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). This therapy reduces the viral load and improves immune system reconstitution, leading to a significant reduction of HIV-related morbidity and mortality. However, HAART does not completely eliminate HIV, so treatment must continue throughout the patients life. Prolonged use of HAART has been related to long-term adverse events that can compromise patient health. These deleterious effects have been reported for the majority of antiretroviral drugs and are the most common causes for therapy discontinuation. In most of these adverse events, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and metabolic alterations, oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment play important roles. This review covers the implication of antiretroviral drugs in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and the reduction of antioxidant defences, and in the consequent mitochondrial dysfunction, focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved and the clinical implications for HIV-infected patients.
Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy, ROS, mitochondria, HIV, cardiovascular disease, lipodystrophy, adverse effects, NRTI, PI, NNRTI, diabetes
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment After Treatment with Anti-HIV Drugs: Clinical Implications
Volume: 17 Issue: 36
Author(s): Ana Blas-Garcia, Nadezda Apostolova and Juan V. Esplugues
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy, ROS, mitochondria, HIV, cardiovascular disease, lipodystrophy, adverse effects, NRTI, PI, NNRTI, diabetes
Abstract: Thirty years after the discovery of HIV infection, there are numerous antiretroviral drugs that control the disease when administered in a potent combination referred to as Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). This therapy reduces the viral load and improves immune system reconstitution, leading to a significant reduction of HIV-related morbidity and mortality. However, HAART does not completely eliminate HIV, so treatment must continue throughout the patients life. Prolonged use of HAART has been related to long-term adverse events that can compromise patient health. These deleterious effects have been reported for the majority of antiretroviral drugs and are the most common causes for therapy discontinuation. In most of these adverse events, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and metabolic alterations, oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment play important roles. This review covers the implication of antiretroviral drugs in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and the reduction of antioxidant defences, and in the consequent mitochondrial dysfunction, focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved and the clinical implications for HIV-infected patients.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Blas-Garcia Ana, Apostolova Nadezda and V. Esplugues Juan, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment After Treatment with Anti-HIV Drugs: Clinical Implications, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798764951
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798764951 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Tissue Doppler Imaging: Beautiful Noise
Current Cardiology Reviews Calreticulin in the Heart: From Embryological Development to Cardiac Pathology.
Current Molecular Medicine The Multiple Roles of Vitamin D in Human Health. A Mini-Review
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Development of Novel Cardiovascular Therapeutics From Small Regulatory RNA Molecules - An Outline of Key Requirements
Current Pharmaceutical Design Beta3-Adrenoreceptors in Cardiovasular Diseases: New Roles for an “Old” Receptor
Current Drug Delivery Autonomic Nervous System in Viral Myocarditis: Pathophysiology and Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Anti-Oxidant Properties of Isothiocyanates: A Review
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Prediction of MicroRNA–disease Associations by Matrix Completion
Current Proteomics Natural Products as a Paradigm for the Treatment of Coxsackievirus - induced Myocarditis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Common Comorbidities that Alter Heart Failure Prognosis - Shaping New Thinking for Practice
Current Cardiology Reviews Association Between Intra-Hospital Uncontrolled Glycemia and Health Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Current Diabetes Reviews Models and Methods in Cardiac Imaging for Metabolism Studies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Good Candidate for Restenosis Therapy?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Murine Models of Vpr-Mediated Pathogenesis
Current HIV Research Avian Genomes: Important Resources for Understanding Vertebrate Biology
Current Genomics Isolated-Perfused Heart: The Preparation that has been used as a Research Tool for More than a Century
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes of Mitochondrial Components in Cancer
Current Genomics Class IV Antiarrhythmic Agents: New Compounds Using an Old Strategy
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Electrocardiographic Manifestations of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
Current Cardiology Reviews Phenotypic Characterization of a Family With An In-frame Deletion in the DMD Gene and Variable Penetrance
Current Gene Therapy