Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, beta cells are attacked and destroyed by auto reactive T cells causing major impairment of blood glucose metabolism and, ultimately, the development of life-threatening complications. Currently, the treatment of this chronic disease is based on the use of endogenous insulin and no curative therapies are available. Treatment approaches in this respect need to be directed toward the primary causes of the disease tackling beta cells auto reactive T cells.
The goal of any curative intervention in type 1 diabetes is the preservation of insulin-secreting cells. This may be achieved by the abrogation of the pathogenic reactivity to beta cell auto antigens while preserving full capacity to generate a normal immune response against foreign antigens.
In this review, some of the most promising drugs for immune intervention in type 1 diabetes are presented and discussed including phase 3 clinical trials that involve: DiaPep277, Anti-CD3 Otelixizumab, Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) and anti-IL1 receptor antagonist. These approaches are currently being tested in international multicenter trials and all of them have a very similar outcome in terms of a beneficial effect on beta cells.
Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, Autoimmunity, Immuno intervention, Immuno tolerance, GAD, Diapep 277, Anti-CD3, Anti-IL1 receptor antagonist, endogenous insulin, pro-inflammatory cytokine
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Clinical Update on the Use of Immuno Modulators (antiCD3, GAD, Diapep277, Anti-IL1) in Type 1 Diabetes
Volume: 17 Issue: 29
Author(s): Paolo Pozzilli, Chiara Guglielmi, Daria Maggi, Angela Carlone, Raffaella Buzzetti and Silvia Manfrini
Affiliation:
Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, Autoimmunity, Immuno intervention, Immuno tolerance, GAD, Diapep 277, Anti-CD3, Anti-IL1 receptor antagonist, endogenous insulin, pro-inflammatory cytokine
Abstract: In type 1 diabetes, beta cells are attacked and destroyed by auto reactive T cells causing major impairment of blood glucose metabolism and, ultimately, the development of life-threatening complications. Currently, the treatment of this chronic disease is based on the use of endogenous insulin and no curative therapies are available. Treatment approaches in this respect need to be directed toward the primary causes of the disease tackling beta cells auto reactive T cells.
The goal of any curative intervention in type 1 diabetes is the preservation of insulin-secreting cells. This may be achieved by the abrogation of the pathogenic reactivity to beta cell auto antigens while preserving full capacity to generate a normal immune response against foreign antigens.
In this review, some of the most promising drugs for immune intervention in type 1 diabetes are presented and discussed including phase 3 clinical trials that involve: DiaPep277, Anti-CD3 Otelixizumab, Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) and anti-IL1 receptor antagonist. These approaches are currently being tested in international multicenter trials and all of them have a very similar outcome in terms of a beneficial effect on beta cells.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pozzilli Paolo, Guglielmi Chiara, Maggi Daria, Carlone Angela, Buzzetti Raffaella and Manfrini Silvia, Clinical Update on the Use of Immuno Modulators (antiCD3, GAD, Diapep277, Anti-IL1) in Type 1 Diabetes, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798157531
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798157531 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Bone Changes in Patients with Inflammatory Arthritis Treated with Biological Therapies: A Clinical Perspective
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Diagnosis and Therapy of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Statins: Are They All the Same?
Current Drug Therapy Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Glucagon Like Peptides-1 Modulators as Newer Target for Diabetes
Current Drug Targets Phosphodiesterase: An Interface Connecting Cognitive Deficits to Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Possible Therapeutic Targets in Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and its Derivatives: Potential Pharmaceutical Application for Ischemic Brain Injury
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Interrelationship Between Periapical Lesion and Systemic Metabolic Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Regulation of the PI3K-Akt Network: Current Status and a Promise for the Treatment of Human Diseases
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Targeting Type 1 Diabetes Before and at the Clinical Onset of Disease
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Using Small Molecule GSK3β Inhibitors to Treat Inflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Protocatechuic Acid and Human Disease Prevention: Biological Activities and Molecular Mechanisms
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Development of Curcumin, its Combinations and Formulations and Curcumin-like Compounds as Anti-infective Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry Viral Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology and Pathogenesis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inflammation Theories in Psychotic Disorders: A Critical Review
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Cellular and Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory Pain, Nociception and Hyperalgesia - The Role of the Transcription Factor NF-κB as the Lynchpin Nocisensor: Hyperalgesic or Analgesic Effect?
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Oral Tolerance and TGF-β -Producing Cells
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Recent Patents on Thiazole Derivatives Endowed with Antitumor Activity
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Apoptosis and Autoimmune Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents