Bioprocess and Bioreactor: Next Generation Technology for Production of Potential Plant-based Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Molecules

G.      Sivakumar; F.      Medina-Bolivar; J.      O. Lay; M.      C. Dolan; J.      Condori; S.      K. Grubbs; S.      M. Wright; M.      A. Baque; E.      J. Lee; K.      Y. Paek

doi:10.2174/092986711793979724

Abstract

Globally, diabetes and obesity are two of the most common metabolic diseases of the 21st century. Increasingly, not only adults but children and adolescents are being affected. New approaches are needed to prevent and treat these disorders and to reduce the impact of associated disease-related complications. Industrial-scale production using plant-root cultures can produce quantities and quality of inexpensive bioactive small molecules with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. Using this approach, and targeting these diseases, a next generation approach to tackling this emerging global health crisis may be developed. Adventitious roots cultured in bioreactors under controlled and reproducible conditions have been shown effective for production of natural products. The liquid-phase airlift bioreactor in particular has been used successfully for culturing roots on an industrial-scale and thus may provide an economical production platform for expressing promising plant-based antidiabetic and antioxidant molecules. This review focuses on a next-generation, scalable, bioprocessing approach for adventitious and hairy root cultures that are a pesticide-free, seasonally-independent, plant-based source of three molecules that have shown promise for the therapeutic management of diabetes and obesity: corosolic acid, resveratrol and ginsenosides.

Keywords: Adventitious roots, bioreactor, corosolic acid, ginsenosides, hairy roots, resveratrol, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Molecules, diabetes, epidemic proportion, World Health Organization, insulin, oxygen, heart disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, Hyperglycemia, xanthine oxidase, obesity, enzymes, plasma compared, DNA, proteins, peripheral neuropathy, blood sugar, phytonutrition, atherosclerosis, pathology, phytochemicals, cultivation, meristematic tissue, epidermal cells, stereoisomers, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, duboisia hybrid hairy, PHASE BIOREACTOR, aerobic metabolism, density, silicone, elicitation kinetics, BIOSEPARATION, abiotic stresses, Pathogen, methyl jasmonate, elicitor, sodium acetate-mediated elicitation, analogs, biophenols, methanol, ethyl acetate, hypothetical biosynthetic pathway, sugar metabolism, inflammation, auxin hormone, ellagitannins, ellagic acid, antioxidant, neuroprotective properties, anti-inflammatory activities, chromatography, triterpene saponins, dammarane skeleton, ginsengs, Panax notoginseng, biopharmaceutical application, biosafety, streptozotocin