Association of PD-L1 Expression with Clinicopathologic Characters
in Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis

Zhuo      Han; Nan      Wang; Qing      Qiao; Xianli      He; Nan      Wang
doi:10.2174/0109298673263784230922060257
Abstract

Purpose: The expression level of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) in patients with gastric cancer is the key to determining the use of immune drugs. The relationship between PD-L1 expression level and clinical characteristics is worth exploring.
Methods: By setting the search terms correlated to PD-L1 and gastric cancer, a nearly comprehensive search was carried out in four major databases, and the deadline for searching was September 1, 2022. The retrieved documents were further screened by strict inclusion and exclusion criteria after removing the duplication. Next, the quality of the included studies was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) scale. Finally, the STATA15.1 software was used to process data and draw plots, and the odds ratios (ORs) were adopted to assess the pooled effect size.
Results: A total of 85 works of literature were included in this study through screening strictly, and detailed data were extracted after evaluating the quality of the literature. The process of analysis was conducted in the whole population, Asia-Africa population, European and American population, and Asian population with CPS≥1, amd all found that the expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer was correlated with age, tumor size, EBV infection, Her-2 expression and microsatellite status. However, the subgroup of the region also found some differences in Asian and Western regions, which was interesting and worth studying further. The included research of this study did not have significant publish bias.
Conclusion: After careful analysis, this study found that age (>60 years), tumor size (>5cm), EBV infection (+), Her-2 expression (+), microsatellite status (MSI), and mismatch repair status (dMMR) were risk factors for positive expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer.
« Previous Next »
[1]
Sung, H.; Ferlay, J.; Siegel, R.L.; Laversanne, M.; Soerjomataram, I.; Jemal, A.; Bray, F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin.,  2021, 71(3), 209-249.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660] [PMID: 33538338]

[2]
Chen, Y.; Chen, T.; Fang, J.Y. Burden of gastrointestinal cancers in China from 1990 to 2019 and projection through 2029. Cancer Lett.,  2023, 560, 216127.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216127] [PMID: 36933779]

[3]
Zheng, R.S.; Zhang, S.W.; Sun, K.X.; Chen, R.; Wang, S.M.; Li, L.; Zeng, H.M.; Wei, W.W.; He, J. Cancer statistics in China, 2016. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi,  2023, 45(3), 212-220.
 [PMID: 36944542]

[4]
Fang, X.; Xu, J.; Jin, K.; Qian, J. Combining of immunotherapeutic approaches with chemotherapy for treatment of gastric cancer: Achievements and limitations. Int. Immunopharmacol.,  2023, 118, 110062.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110062] [PMID: 36965367]

[5]
Yoon, J.; Kim, T.Y.; Oh, D.Y. Recent progress in immunotherapy for gastric cancer. J. Gastric Cancer,  2023, 23(1), 207-223.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2023.23.e10] [PMID: 36751000]

[6]
Janjigian, Y.Y.; Shitara, K.; Moehler, M.; Garrido, M.; Salman, P.; Wyrwicz, L.; Yamaguchi, K.; Skoczylas, T.; Bragagnoli, A.C.; Liu, T.; Schenker, M.; Yanez, P.; Tehfe, M.; Kowalyszyn, R.; Karamouzis, M.V.; Bruges, R.; Zander, T.; Pazo-Cid, R.; Hitre, E.; Feeney, K.; Cleary, J.M.; Poulart, V.; Cullen, D.; Lei, M.; Xiao, H.; Kondo, K.; Li, M.; Ajani, J.A. A plain language summary of the CheckMate 649 study: Nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone for untreated advanced or metastatic cancer of the stomach or esophagus. Future Oncol.,  2023, 19(11), 739-752.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2022-1149] [PMID: 36919706]

[7]
Janjigian, Y.Y.; Shitara, K.; Moehler, M.; Garrido, M.; Salman, P.; Shen, L.; Wyrwicz, L.; Yamaguchi, K.; Skoczylas, T.; Campos Bragagnoli, A.; Liu, T.; Schenker, M.; Yanez, P.; Tehfe, M.; Kowalyszyn, R.; Karamouzis, M.V.; Bruges, R.; Zander, T.; Pazo-Cid, R.; Hitre, E.; Feeney, K.; Cleary, J.M.; Poulart, V.; Cullen, D.; Lei, M.; Xiao, H.; Kondo, K.; Li, M.; Ajani, J.A. First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet,  2021, 398(10294), 27-40.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00797-2] [PMID: 34102137]

[8]
Entezam, M.; Sanaei, M.J.; Mirzaei, Y.; Mer, A.H.; Abdollahpour-Alitappeh, M.; Azadegan-Dehkordi, F.; Bagheri, N. Current progress and challenges of immunotherapy in gastric cancer: A focus on CAR-T cells therapeutic approach. Life Sci.,  2023, 318, 121459.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121459] [PMID: 36720453]

[9]
Wang, J.; Yuan, R.; Song, W.; Sun, J.; Liu, D.; Li, Z. PD-1, PD-L1 (B7-H1) and tumor-site immune modulation therapy: The historical perspective. J. Hematol. Oncol.,  2017, 10(1), 34.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13045-017-0403-5] [PMID: 28122590]

[10]
Iwai, Y.; Ishida, M.; Tanaka, Y.; Okazaki, T.; Honjo, T.; Minato, N. Involvement of PD-L1 on tumor cells in the escape from host immune system and tumor immunotherapy by PD-L1 blockade. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,  2002, 99(19), 12293-12297.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.192461099] [PMID: 12218188]

[11]
Xie, T.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Qi, C.; Shen, L.; Peng, Z. Appropriate PD-L1 cutoff value for gastric cancer immunotherapy: A Systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Oncol.,  2021, 11, 646355.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.646355] [PMID: 34540656]

[12]
Gu, L.; Chen, M.; Guo, D.; Zhu, H.; Zhang, W.; Pan, J.; Zhong, X.; Li, X.; Qian, H.; Wang, X. PD-L1 and gastric cancer prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One,  2017, 12(8), e0182692.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182692] [PMID: 28796808]

[13]
Kim, J.W.; Nam, K.H.; Ahn, S.H.; Park, D.J.; Kim, H.H.; Kim, S.H.; Chang, H.; Lee, J.O.; Kim, Y.J.; Lee, H.S.; Kim, J.H.; Bang, S.M.; Lee, J.S.; Lee, K.W. Prognostic implications of immunosuppressive protein expression in tumors as well as immune cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer,  2016, 19(1), 42-52.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10120-014-0440-5] [PMID: 25424150]

[14]
Rha, S.Y.; Ku, G.Y.; Kim, H.S.; Chung, H.C.; Amlashi, F.G.; Maru, D.M.; Fein, C.A.; Tang, L.H.; Zhou, W.; Wu, T.; Peter, S.A.; Kelsen, D.P.; Ajani, J.A. PD-L1 expression and overall survival in Asian and Western patients with gastric cancer. Future Oncol.,  2022, 18(21), 2623-2634.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2022-0103] [PMID: 35616013]

[15]
Lian, J.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, H.; Zhang, J.; Nan, P.; Tian, W. PD-L1 and HER2 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and their prognostic significance. Dig. Liver Dis.,  2022, 54(10), 1419-1427.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2022.01.128] [PMID: 35123909]

[16]
Ngoc Dung, T.; Mai Hanh, N.; Thai Tra, D.; Dinh Tien, T.; Thuy Linh, N.; Khac Tuyen, N.; Van Thinh, P.; Nhu Binh, D.; Manh Hung, N.; Thanh Chung, D. The relationship between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of Vietnamese gastric cancer patients. Biomed. Res. Ther.,  2022, 9(7), 5130-5139.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v9i7.748]

[17]
Dislich, B.; Mertz, K.D.; Gloor, B.; Langer, R. Interspatial distribution of tumor and immune cells in correlation with PD-L1 in molecular subtypes of gastric cancers. Cancers,  2022, 14(7), 1736.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071736] [PMID: 35406506]

[18]
Chen, X.; Zhang, H.; Wang, M.; Liu, H.; Hu, Y.; Lin, T.; Chen, H.; Zhao, M.; Chen, T.; Li, G.; Yu, J.; Zhao, L. Relationship between programmed death ligand 1 expression and other clinicopathological features in a large cohort of gastric cancer patients. Front. Immunol.,  2022, 13, 783695.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.783695] [PMID: 35401534]

[19]
Che, H.; Xiong, Q.; Ma, J.; Chen, S.; Wu, H.; Xu, H.; Hou, B. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with survival outcomes in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. BMC Cancer,  2022, 22(1), 904.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-10004-9] [PMID: 35986342]

[20]
Busuioc, C.I.; Birla, R.D.; Mitrea, M.; Ardeleanu, C.; Panaitescu, E.; Enache, S.; Iosif, C. PD-L1 expression in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction carcinoma, correlation with the immune infiltrate - Preliminary study. Chirurgia,  2022, 117(2), 204-210.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.21614/chirurgia.2738] [PMID: 35535782]

[21]
Attia, S.; Abd El Hafez, A.; Abdel-Aziz, A.; Elmetwaly, S.; Mokhtar, N. Prognostic Value of PD-L1 immunohistochemical marker in gastric carcinoma and its correlation with HER2 status. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev.,  2022, 23(4), 1433-1444.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1433] [PMID: 35485706]

[22]
Amirmoezi, F.; Geramizadeh, B. Molecular classification of gastric cancer with emphasis on PDL-1 expression: The first report from Iran. Clin. Pathol.,  2022, 15, 2632010X2210963.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2632010X221096378] [PMID: 35651850]

[23]
Zhang, C.; Zhao, S.; Wang, X. Co-expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1: A novel prognostic indicator of gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int.,  2021, 21(1), 78.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-020-01734-6] [PMID: 33509216]

[24]
Yamashita, S.; Abe, H.; Kunita, A.; Yamashita, H.; Seto, Y.; Ushiku, T. Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 but not HER2 is a potential therapeutic target in gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma. Histopathology,  2021, 78(3), 381-391.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/his.14230] [PMID: 32767778]

[25]
Ubukata, Y.; Ogata, K.; Sohda, M.; Yokobori, T.; Shimoda, Y.; Handa, T.; Nakazawa, N.; Kimura, A.; Kogure, N.; Sano, A.; Sakai, M.; Ogawa, H.; Kuwano, H.; Shirabe, K.; Oyama, T.; Saeki, H. Role of PD-L1 expression during the progression of submucosal gastric cancer. Oncology,  2021, 99(1), 15-22.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509033] [PMID: 33113541]

[26]
Shi, L.; Wu, Z.; Song, H.; Xu, W.; Xu, Y.; Yang, L.; Song, J.; Guan, W. Intralymph node expressions of A2AR and PD-L1 were associated with metastasis and a poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Indian J. Surg.,  2021, 83(2), 505-512.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12262-020-02396-4]

[27]
Shekarriz, R.; Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A.; Amjadi, O.; Alizadeh-Navaei, R.; Godazandeh, G. Serum level of programmed death-ligand 1 in patients with gastric cancer in mazandaran province as a high-risk region in Iran. Clin. Cancer Investig. J.,  2021, 10(1), 5-10.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ccij.ccij_128_20]

[28]
Saurabh, A.; Raphael, V.; Dey, B.; Harris, C.; Jagtap, V.; Das, U. Expression of PDL1 and Her2neu in gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Indian J. Surg. Oncol.,  2021, 12(S1), 144-151.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13193-020-01245-w] [PMID: 33994740]

[29]
Pereira, M.A.; Ramos, M.; Dias, A.R.; Ribeiro, R.; Cardili, L.; Zilberstein, B.; Cecconello, I.; Ribeiro, U., Jr; de Mello, E.S.; de Castria, T.B. Scoring systems for PD-L1 expression and their prognostic impact in patients with resectable gastric cancer. Virchows Archiv : Int. J. Pathol.,  2021, 478(6), 1039-1048.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02956-9] [PMID: 33098489]

[30]
Mimura, K.; Kua, L.F.; Xiao, J.F.; Asuncion, B.R.; Nakayama, Y.; Syn, N.; Fazreen, Z.; Soong, R.; Kono, K.; Yong, W.P. Combined inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1, Lag-3, and Tim-3 axes augments antitumor immunity in gastric cancer–T cell coculture models. Gastric Cancer,  2021, 24(3), 611-623.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10120-020-01151-8] [PMID: 33611641]

[31]
Lv, H.; Zhang, J.; Sun, K.; Nie, C.; Chen, B.; Wang, J.; Xu, W.; Wang, S.; Liu, Y.; Chen, X. Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status and programmed cell death protein-1 ligand is associated with prognosis in gastric cancer. Front. Oncol.,  2021, 10, 580045.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.580045]

[32]
Li, X.; Zhang, L.; Wang, C.; Huang, J.; Zhu, J.; Huang, Y.; Chen, Y.; Jia, J.; Jiang, G. Microsatellite instability in Chinese gastric cancer and its correlation with clinical characteristics. J. Gastrointest. Oncol.,  2021, 12(6), 2719-2727.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jgo-21-695] [PMID: 35070401]

[33]
Bahsi, S.; Yildiz, I.; Erdamar, S.; Goksel, S.; Tozun, N.; Aytac, E.; Demir, G.; Er, O.; Baca, B.; Karahasanoglu, T.; Hamzaoglu, I.; Ozer, L.; Bozkurt, M.; Uras, C.; Bayoglu, I.V.; Dulgeroglu, O.; Ince, U. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of msi status and pd-l1 expression in turkish patients with gastric cancer. UHOD Uluslar. Hematol. Onkol. Derg.,  2021, 31(4), 246-254.

[34]
Zhou, K.I.; Peterson, B.; Serritella, A.; Thomas, J.; Reizine, N.; Moya, S.; Tan, C.; Wang, Y.; Catenacci, D.V.T. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of pd-l1 expression and tumor mutational burden in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma at baseline diagnosis and after chemotherapy. Clin. Cancer Res.,  2020, 26(24), 6453-6463.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-2085] [PMID: 32820017]

[35]
Yun, T.; Wang, S.; Jiang, B.; Wang, C.; Meng, N.; Yuan, X.; Wang, Y. Significance of detection of the HER2 Gene and PD-1/PD-L1 in gastric cancer. J Oncol.,  2020, 2020, 8678945.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8678945] [PMID: 33123197]

[36]
Yamashita, K.; Iwatsuki, M.; Harada, K.; Eto, K.; Hiyoshi, Y.; Ishimoto, T.; Nagai, Y.; Iwagami, S.; Miyamoto, Y.; Yoshida, N.; Komohara, Y.; Ajani, J.A.; Baba, H. Prognostic impacts of the combined positive score and the tumor proportion score for programmed death ligand-1 expression by double immunohistochemical staining in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer,  2020, 23(1), 95-104.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10120-019-00999-9] [PMID: 31451991]

[37]
Wang, Y.; Wang, S.; Zhu, C.; Cao, H.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, E. The association between immune characteristic and clinical pathology in Chinese patients with adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction. Cancer Manag. Res.,  2020, 12, 3259-3269.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S235722] [PMID: 32494190]

[38]
Wang, X.Y.; Hu, Y.J.; Dong, K.; Zhao, C.; Huang, X.Z.; Lian, S.Y.; Sun, Y. Expression level and prognostic value of PD-L1 in microsatellite instability-high gastric cancer. Chinese J. Pathol.,  2020, 49(11), 1114-1119.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200323-00245] [PMID: 33152814]

[39]
Wang, J.; Shang, S.; Li, J.; Deng, H.; Ouyang, L.; Xie, H.; Zhu, H.; Li, Y.; Zuo, C. PD-L1 and MiR-34a are prognostic factors for primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with R-CHOP. Cancer Manag. Res.,  2020, 12, 4999-5008.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S247874] [PMID: 32612387]

[40]
Sughayer, M.A.; Dabbagh, T.Z.; Battah, A.H. PD-L1 expression is a favorable prognostic marker in gastric carcinoma. Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol.,  2020, 28(10), 748-754.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000834] [PMID: 32205740]

[41]
Pötzsch, M.; Berg, E.; Hummel, M.; Stein, U.; von Winterfeld, M.; Jöhrens, K.; Rau, B.; Daum, S.; Treese, C. Better prognosis of gastric cancer patients with high levels of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes is counteracted by PD-1 expression. OncoImmunology,  2020, 9(1), 1824632.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2020.1824632] [PMID: 33101772]

[42]
Liu, X.; Choi, M.G.; Kim, K.; Kim, K.M.; Kim, S.T.; Park, S.H.; Cristescu, R.; Peter, S.; Lee, J. High PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer (GC) patients and correlation with molecular features. Pathol. Res. Pract.,  2020, 216(4), 152881.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2020.152881] [PMID: 32089413]

[43]
Lian, J.; Nan, P.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, Y. Correlation between expression of PD-L1 and HER-2 in gastric adenocarcinoma and its prognostic significance. Chinese J. Clin. Experimen. Pathol.,  2020, 36(6), 636-641.

[44]
Ito, S.; Masuda, T.; Noda, M.; Hu, Q.; Shimizu, D.; Kuroda, Y.; Eguchi, H.; Tobo, T.; Utsunomiya, T.; Mimori, K. Prognostic significance of PD-1, PD-L1 and CD8 gene expression levels in gastric cancer. Oncology,  2020, 98(7), 501-511.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506075] [PMID: 32380498]

[45]
Kim, D.H.; Bae, G.E.; Suh, K.S.; Ryuman, D.; Song, K.S.; Kim, J.S.; Lee, S.; Yeo, M.K. Clinical significance of tumor and immune cell PD-L1 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. In Vivo,  2020, 34(6), 3171-3180.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.21873/invivo.12152] [PMID: 33144421]

[46]
Choi, E.; Chang, M.S.; Byeon, S.; Jin, H.; Jung, K.C.; Kim, H.; Lee, K.L.; Kim, W.; Park, J.H.; Kim, K.H.; Kim, J.S.; Choi, I.S.; Han, D.S.; Ahn, H.S.; Heo, S.C. Prognostic perspectives of PD-L1 combined with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, Epstein-Barr virus, and microsatellite instability in gastric carcinomas. Diagn. Pathol.,  2020, 15(1), 69.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13000-020-00979-z] [PMID: 32498695]

[47]
Yang, M.W.; Fu, X.L.; Jiang, Y.S.; Chen, X.J.; Tao, L.Y.; Yang, J.Y.; Huo, Y.M.; Liu, W.; Zhang, J.F.; Liu, P.F.; Liu, Q.; Hua, R.; Zhang, Z.G.; Sun, Y.W.; Liu, D.J. Clinical significance of programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 pathway in gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas. World J. Gastroenterol.,  2019, 25(14), 1684-1696.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i14.1684] [PMID: 31011254]

[48]
Won, K.Y.; Kim, G.Y.; Kim, H.K.; Song, M.J.; Choi, S.I.; Bae, G.E.; Lim, S.J. The expression of C-MYC in gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression: C-MYC overexpression is a good prognostic factor. Pathol. Res. Pract.,  2019, 215(11), 152639.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2019.152639] [PMID: 31582185]

[49]
Wang, C.; Yu, J.; Fan, Y.; Ma, K.; Ning, J.; Hu, Y.; Niu, W.; Dong, X.; Wu, Y.; Li, E.; Dong, D. The clinical significance of PD-L1/PD-1 expression in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci.,  2019, 49(4), 448-456.
 [PMID: 31471333]

[50]
Svensson, M.C.; Borg, D.; Zhang, C.; Hedner, C.; Nodin, B.; Uhlén, M.; Mardinoglu, A.; Leandersson, K.; Jirström, K. Expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in chemoradiotherapy-naïve esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma: Relationship with mismatch repair status and survival. Front. Oncol.,  2019, 9, 136.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00136] [PMID: 30931254]

[51]
Sun, Y.; Yu, W.; Guan, W.; cai, L.; Qiao, M.; Zheng, L.; Jiang, R.; Wang, R.; Wang, L. Integrated assessment of PD-L1 expression and molecular classification facilitates therapy selection and prognosis prediction in gastric cancer. Cancer Manag. Res.,  2019, 11, 6397-6410.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S206189] [PMID: 31372044]

[52]
Mu, L.; Yu, W.; Su, H.; Lin, Y.; Sui, W.; Yu, X.; Qin, C. Relationship between the expressions of PD-L1 and tumour-associated fibroblasts in gastric cancer. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol.,  2019, 47(1), 1036-1042.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1573741] [PMID: 30983436]

[53]
Morihiro, T.; Kuroda, S.; Kanaya, N.; Kakiuchi, Y.; Kubota, T.; Aoyama, K.; Tanaka, T.; Kikuchi, S.; Nagasaka, T.; Nishizaki, M.; Kagawa, S.; Tazawa, H.; Fujiwara, T. PD-L1 expression combined with microsatellite instability/CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as a useful prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer. Sci. Rep.,  2019, 9(1), 4633.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41177-2] [PMID: 30874607]

[54]
Knief, J.; Lazar-Karsten, P.; Hummel, R.; Wellner, U.; Thorns, C. PD-L1 expression in carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction is positively correlated with T-cell infiltration and overall survival. Pathol. Res. Pract.,  2019, 215(6), 152402.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2019.03.030] [PMID: 31043352]

[55]
Kim, J.Y.; Kim, W.G.; Kwon, C.H.; Park, D.Y. Differences in immune contextures among different molecular subtypes of gastric cancer and their prognostic impact. Gastric Cancer,  2019, 22(6), 1164-1175.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10120-019-00974-4] [PMID: 31152268]

[56]
Kim, J.H.; Kim, S.Y.; Shin, E.Y.; Jung, J.H.; Choi, H.J.; Jun, K.H. Expression patterns of programmed death-1 and programmed death-1 ligand-1 on T cells in gastric cancer. Oncol. Lett.,  2019, 18(3), 2661-2669.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10594] [PMID: 31452748] [PMID: 31452748]

[57]
Kawazoe, A.; Shitara, K.; Kuboki, Y.; Bando, H.; Kojima, T.; Yoshino, T.; Ohtsu, A.; Ochiai, A.; Togashi, Y.; Nishikawa, H.; Doi, T.; Kuwata, T. Clinicopathological features of 22C3 PD-L1 expression with mismatch repair, Epstein–Barr virus status, and cancer genome alterations in metastatic gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer,  2019, 22(1), 69-76.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10120-018-0843-9] [PMID: 29859006]

[58]
Hashimoto, T.; Kurokawa, Y.; Takahashi, T.; Miyazaki, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Makino, T.; Yamasaki, M.; Nakajima, K.; Ikeda, J.; Mori, M.; Doki, Y. Predictive value of MLH1 and PD-L1 expression for prognosis and response to preoperative chemotherapy in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer,  2019, 22(4), 785-792.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10120-018-00918-4] [PMID: 30617648]

[59]
Zhang, F.; Qiao, J.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, F.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, R. Expression and clinical significance of PD-1 /PD-L1 in gastric cancer tissues. Zhongguo Zhongliu Shengwu Zhiliao Zazhi,  2018, 25(2), 170-176.

[60]
Zhang, C.; Li, Z.; Xu, L.; Che, X.; Wen, T.; Fan, Y.; Li, C.; Wang, S.; Cheng, Y.; Wang, X.; Qu, X.; Liu, Y. CXCL9/10/11, a regulator of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer,  2018, 18(1), 462.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4384-8] [PMID: 29690901]

[61]
Xing, X.; Guo, J.; Ding, G.; Li, B.; Dong, B.; Feng, Q.; Li, S.; Zhang, J.; Ying, X.; Cheng, X.; Guo, T.; Du, H.; Hu, Y.; Zhou, T.; Wang, X.; Li, L.; Li, Q.; Xie, M.; Li, L.; Gao, X.; Shan, F.; Li, Z.; Jia, S.; Wen, X.; Wang, J.; Ji, J. Analysis of PD1, PDL1, PDL2 expression and T cells infiltration in 1014 gastric cancer patients. OncoImmunology,  2018, 7(3), e1356144.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2017.1356144] [PMID: 29399387]

[62]
Wei, W.; Zhang, D.; Xu, B.; Jiang, J.; Wu, C. Upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 and epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Transl. Cancer Res.,  2018, 7(2), 330-340.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr.2018.03.15]

[63]
Sundar, R.; Qamra, A.; Tan, A.L.K.; Zhang, S.; Ng, C.C.Y.; Teh, B.T.; Lee, J.; Kim, K.M.; Tan, P. Transcriptional analysis of immune genes in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer and association with clinical outcomes. Gastric Cancer,  2018, 21(6), 1064-1070.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10120-018-0851-9] [PMID: 29915957]

[64]
Saito, H.; Kono, Y.; Murakami, Y.; Shishido, Y.; Kuroda, H.; Matsunaga, T.; Fukumoto, Y.; Osaki, T.; Ashida, K.; Fujiwara, Y. Highly activated PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in gastric cancer with PD-L1 expression. Anticancer Res.,  2018, 38(1), 107-112.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.12197] [PMID: 29277762]

[65]
Pereira, M.A.; Ramos, M.F.K.P.; Faraj, S.F.; Dias, A.R.; Yagi, O.K.; Zilberstein, B.; Cecconello, I.; Alves, V.A.F.; de Mello, E.S.; Ribeiro, U., Jr Clinicopathological and prognostic features of Epstein-Barr virus infection, microsatellite instability, and PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol.,  2018, 117(5), 829-839.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.25022] [PMID: 29534305]

[66]
Noh, B.J.; Kim, J.H.; Eom, D.W. Prognostic significance of categorizing gastric carcinoma by PD-L1 expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci.,  2018, 48(6), 695-706.
 [PMID: 30610038]

[67]
Liu, Y.; Wang, J.F.; Li, X.W.; Bu, P.; Bai, W.; Li, L.M. Relationship between PD-L1 protein expression and gene amplification in gastric cancer tissues. Chinese J. Pathol.,  2018, 47(8), 597-602.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2018.08.006] [PMID: 30107664]

[68]
Li, Y.; Bao, F.; Xiang, Y.; Dai, Y.; He, J.; Ma, C.; Zhang, Z. Expression of PD1 /PD-L1 in gastric carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Chinese J. Clin. Experimen. Pathol.,  2018, 34(6), 614-618.

[69]
Harada, K.; Dong, X.; Estrella, J.S.; Correa, A.M.; Xu, Y.; Hofstetter, W.L.; Sudo, K.; Onodera, H.; Suzuki, K.; Suzuki, A.; Johnson, R.L.; Wang, Z.; Song, S.; Ajani, J.A. Tumor-associated macrophage infiltration is highly associated with PD-L1 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric Cancer,  2018, 21(1), 31-40.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10120-017-0760-3] [PMID: 28801853]

[70]
Gao, Y.; Li, S.; Xu, D.; Chen, S.; Cai, Y.; Jiang, W.; Zhang, X.; Sun, J.; Wang, K.; Chang, B.; Wang, F.; Hong, M. Prognostic value of programmed death-1, programmed death-ligand 1, programmed death-ligand 2 expression, and CD8(+) T cell density in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes from patients with stage T1-4N+M0 gastric adenocarcinoma. Chin. J. Cancer,  2017, 36(1), 61.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40880-017-0226-3] [PMID: 28754154]

[71]
Wu, Y.; Cao, D.; Qu, L.; Cao, X.; Jia, Z.; Zhao, T.; Wang, Q.; Jiang, J. PD-1 and PD-L1 co-expression predicts favorable prognosis in gastric cancer. Oncotarget,  2017, 8(38), 64066-64082.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19318] [PMID: 28969052]

[72]
Thompson, E.D.; Zahurak, M.; Murphy, A.; Cornish, T.; Cuka, N.; Abdelfatah, E.; Yang, S.; Duncan, M.; Ahuja, N.; Taube, J.M.; Anders, R.A.; Kelly, R.J. Patterns of PD-L1 expression and CD8 T cell infiltration in gastric adenocarcinomas and associated immune stroma. Gut,  2017, 66(5), 794-801.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310839] [PMID: 26801886]

[73]
Seo, A.N.; Kang, B.W.; Kwon, O.K.; Park, K.B.; Lee, S.S.; Chung, H.Y.; Yu, W.; Bae, H.I.; Jeon, S.W.; Kang, H.; Kim, J.G. Intratumoural PD-L1 expression is associated with worse survival of patients with Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric cancer. Br. J. Cancer,  2017, 117(12), 1753-1760.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2017.369] [PMID: 29073638]

[74]
Oki, E.; Okano, S.; Saeki, H.; Umemoto, Y.; Teraishi, K.; Nakaji, Y.; Ando, K.; Zaitsu, Y.; Yamashita, N.; Sugiyama, M.; Nakashima, Y.; Ohgaki, K.; Oda, Y.; Maehara, Y. Protein expression of programmed death 1 Ligand 1 and HER2 in gastric carcinoma. Oncology,  2017, 93(6), 387-394.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000479231] [PMID: 28910818]

[75]
Kwon, M.J.; Kim, K.C.; Nam, E.S.; Cho, S.J.; Park, H.R.; Min, S.K.; Seo, J.; Choe, J.Y.; Lee, H.K.; Kang, H.S.; Min, K.W. Programmed death ligand-1 and MET co-expression is a poor prognostic factor in gastric cancers after resection. Oncotarget,  2017, 8(47), 82399-82414.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19390] [PMID: 29137273]

[76]
Kim, K.J.; Yang, H.K.; Kim, W.H.; Kang, G.H. Combined prognostic effect of PD-L1 expression and immunoscore in microsatellite-unstable advanced gastric cancers. Oncotarget,  2017, 8(35), 58887-58902.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19439] [PMID: 28938605]

[77]
Kawazoe, A.; Kuwata, T.; Kuboki, Y.; Shitara, K.; Nagatsuma, A.K.; Aizawa, M.; Yoshino, T.; Doi, T.; Ohtsu, A.; Ochiai, A. Clinicopathological features of programmed death ligand 1 expression with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte, mismatch repair, and Epstein-Barr virus status in a large cohort of gastric cancer patients. Gastric Cancer,  2017, 20(3), 407-415.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10120-016-0631-3] [PMID: 27629881]

[78]
Ju, X.; Shen, R.; Huang, P.; Zhai, J.; Qian, X.; Wang, Q.; Chen, M. Predictive relevance of PD-L1 expression with pre-existing TILs in gastric cancer. Oncotarget,  2017, 8(59), 99372-99381.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.22079] [PMID: 29245908]

[79]
Hsu, J.T.; Hsu, C.S.; Le, P.H.; Chen, T.C.; Chou, W.C.; Lin, C.Y.; Yeh, T.S. Immunochemotherapy benefits in gastric cancer patients stratified by programmed death-1 ligand-1. J. Surg. Res.,  2017, 211, 30-38.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.11.058] [PMID: 28501128]

[80]
Fang, W.; Chen, Y.; Sheng, J.; Zhou, T.; Zhang, Y.; Zhan, J.; Liu, L.; Huang, J.; Peng, P.; Zhang, L. Association between PD-L1 expression on tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. J. Cancer,  2017, 8(9), 1579-1585.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.18729] [PMID: 28775777]

[81]
Ma, C.; Patel, K.; Singhi, A.D.; Ren, B.; Zhu, B.; Shaikh, F.; Sun, W. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression is common in gastric cancer associated with epstein-barr virus or microsatellite instability. Am. J. Surg. Pathol.,  2016, 40(11), 1496-1506.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0000000000000698] [PMID: 27465786]

[82]
Li, Z.; Lai, Y.; Sun, L.; Zhang, X.; Liu, R.; Feng, G.; Zhou, L.; Jia, L.; Huang, X.; Kang, Q.; Lin, D.; Gao, J.; Shen, L. PD-L1 expression is associated with massive lymphocyte infiltration and histology in gastric cancer. Hum. Pathol.,  2016, 55, 182-189.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2016.05.012] [PMID: 27260946]

[83]
Eto, S.; Yoshikawa, K.; Nishi, M.; Higashijima, J.; Tokunaga, T.; Nakao, T.; Kashihara, H.; Takasu, C.; Iwata, T.; Shimada, M. Programmed cell death protein 1 expression is an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer after curative resection. Gastric Cancer,  2016, 19(2), 466-471.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10120-015-0519-7] [PMID: 26210691]

[84]
Dong, M.; Wang, H.; Zhao, X.; Chen, J.; Zhang, Y.; Huang, Y.; Xue, L.; Li, H.; Du, H.; Wu, X.; Shao, C. Expression and prognostic roles of PIK3CA, JAK2, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in epstein-barr virus–associated gastric carcinoma. Hum. Pathol.,  2016, 53, 25-34.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2016.02.007] [PMID: 26980034]

[85]
Dai, C.; Geng, R.; Wang, C.; Wong, A.; Qing, M.; Hu, J.; Sun, Y.; Lo, A.W.I.; Li, J. Concordance of immune checkpoints within tumor immune contexture and their prognostic significance in gastric cancer. Mol. Oncol.,  2016, 10(10), 1551-1558.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2016.09.004] [PMID: 27720576]

[86]
Chang, H.; Jung, W.Y.; Kang, Y.; Lee, H.; Kim, A.; Kim, H.K.; Shin, B.K.; Kim, B. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma is a poor prognostic factor in a high CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes group. Oncotarget,  2016, 7(49), 80426-80434.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12603] [PMID: 27741514]

[87]
Böger, C.; Behrens, H.M.; Mathiak, M.; Krüger, S.; Kalthoff, H.; Röcken, C. PD-L1 is an independent prognostic predictor in gastric cancer of Western patients. Oncotarget,  2016, 7(17), 24269-24283.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.8169] [PMID: 27009855]

[88]
Zhang, L.; Qiu, M.; Jin, Y.; Ji, J.; Li, B.; Wang, X.; Yan, S.; Xu, R.; Yang, D. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on gastric cancer and its relationship with clinicopathologic factors. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol.,  2015, 8(9), 11084-11091.
 [PMID: 26617827]

[89]
Qing, Y.; Li, Q.; Ren, T.; Xia, W.; Peng, Y.; Liu, G.; Luo, H.; Yang, Y.; Dai, X.; Zhou, S.F.; Wang, D. Upregulation of PD-L1 and APE1 is associated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Drug Des. Devel. Ther.,  2015, 9, 901-909.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S75152] [PMID: 25733810]

[90]
Geng, Y.; Wang, H.; Lu, C.; Li, Q.; Xu, B.; Jiang, J.; Wu, C. Expression of costimulatory molecules B7-H1, B7-H4 and Foxp3+ Tregs in gastric cancer and its clinical significance. Int. J. Clin. Oncol.,  2015, 20(2), 273-281.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10147-014-0701-7] [PMID: 24804867]

[91]
Lu, C.; Li, Q.; Wang, H.; Geng, Y.; Tian, B.; Xie, J.; Tan, Y.; Wu, C. Expression and clinical significance of costimulatory molecules B7-H1, B7-H4 and forkhead box P3~+ regulatory T cells in gastric carcinoma. Chin. J. Exp. Surg.,  2014, 31(3), 492-494.

[92]
Jiang, D.; Xu, Y.; Li, F.; Xu, B.; Zhang, X. The role of B7-H1 in gastric carcinoma: Clinical significance and related mechanism. Med. Oncol.,  2014, 31(11), 268.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-014-0268-1] [PMID: 25311064]

[93]
Hou, J.; Yu, Z.; Xiang, R.; Li, C.; Wang, L.; Chen, S.; Li, Q.; Chen, M.; Wang, L. Correlation between infiltration of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and expression of B7-H1 in the tumor tissues of gastric cancer. Exp. Mol. Pathol.,  2014, 96(3), 284-291.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.03.005] [PMID: 24657498]

[94]
Liu, S.M.; Meng, Q.; Zhang, Q.X.; Wang, S.D.; Liu, Z.J.; Zhang, X.F. Expression and significance of B7-H1 and its receptor PD-1 in human gastric carcinoma. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi,  2008, 30(3), 192-195.
 [PMID: 18756934]

[95]
Sun, J.; Xu, K.; Wu, C.; Wang, Y.; Hu, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Chen, Y.; Shi, Q.; Yu, G.; Zhang, X. PD-L1 expression analysis in gastric carcinoma tissue and blocking of tumor-associated PD-L1 signaling by two functional monoclonal antibodies. Tissue Antigens,  2007, 69(1), 19-27.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00701.x] [PMID: 17212704]

[96]
Wu, C.; Zhu, Y.; Jiang, J.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, X.G.; Xu, N. Immunohistochemical localization of programmed death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance. Acta Histochem.,  2006, 108(1), 19-24.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2006.01.003] [PMID: 16530813]

[97]
Wang, L.; Zhang, Q.; Ni, S.; Tan, C.; Cai, X.; Huang, D.; Sheng, W. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in gastric cancer: Correlation with mismatch repair deficiency and HER2-negative status. Cancer Med.,  2018, 7(6), 2612-2620.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cam4.1502] [PMID: 29673110]

[98]
Lima, Á.; Sousa, H.; Medeiros, R.; Nobre, A.; Machado, M. PD-L1 expression in EBV associated gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Discover Oncology,  2022, 13(1), 19.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12672-022-00479-0] [PMID: 35318527]

[99]
Murphy, G.; Pfeiffer, R.; Camargo, M.C.; Rabkin, C.S. Meta-analysis shows that prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer differs based on sex and anatomic location. Gastroenterology,  2009, 137(3), 824-833.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.001] [PMID: 19445939]

[100]
Li, X.; Zhang, W. Expression of PD-L1 in EBV-associated malignancies. Int. Immunopharmacol.,  2021, 95, 107553.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107553] [PMID: 33765613]

[101]
Angerilli, V.; Parente, P.; Campora, M.; Ugolini, C.; Battista, S.; Cassoni, P.; Gambella, A.; Cavallin, F.; De Lisi, G.; Vanoli, A.; Grillo, F.; Mastracci, L.; Fassan, M. HER2-low in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma: A real-world pathological perspective. J. Clin. Pathol.,  2023, 208767.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp-2023-208767] [PMID: 37055161]

[102]
Dai, X.; Bu, X.; Gao, Y.; Guo, J.; Hu, J.; Jiang, C.; Zhang, Z.; Xu, K.; Duan, J.; He, S.; Zhang, J.; Wan, L.; Liu, T.; Zhou, X.; Hung, M.C.; Freeman, G.J.; Wei, W. Energy status dictates PD-L1 protein abundance and anti-tumor immunity to enable checkpoint blockade. Mol. Cell,  2021, 81(11), 2317-2331.e6.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.037] [PMID: 33909988]

[103]
Li, Z.; Zhang, C.; Du, J.X.; Zhao, J.; Shi, M.T.; Jin, M.W.; Liu, H. Adipocytes promote tumor progression and induce PD-L1 expression via TNF-α/IL-6 signaling. Cancer Cell Int.,  2020, 20(1), 179.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-020-01269-w] [PMID: 32477009]

[104]
Szczyrek, M.; Bitkowska, P.; Chunowski, P.; Czuchryta, P.; Krawczyk, P.; Milanowski, J. Diet, microbiome, and cancer immunotherapy-A comprehensive review. Nutrients,  2021, 13(7), 2217.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072217] [PMID: 34203292]

[105]
Handford, J.; Chen, M.; Rai, R.; Moss, C.L.; Enting, D.; Peat, N.; Karagiannis, S.N.; Van Hemelrijck, M.; Russell, B. Is there a role for exercise when treating patients with cancer with immune checkpoint inhibitors? A scoping review. Cancers,  2022, 14(20), 5039.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14205039] [PMID: 36291823]

[106]
Zhao, Y.; Jia, Y.; Shi, T.; Wang, W.; Shao, D.; Zheng, X.; Sun, M.; He, K.; Chen, L. Depression promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through a glucocorticoid-mediated upregulation of PD-1 expression in tumor-infiltrating NK cells. Carcinogenesis, 2019.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgz017] [PMID: 30715244]

[107]
Huang, K.W.; Huang, T.L. Association between programmed death-1 pathway and major depression. World J. Biol. Psychiatry,  2023, 1-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2023.2209876] [PMID: 37139744]

[108]
Dickinson, S.E.; Khawam, M.; Kirschnerova, V.; Vaishampayan, P.; Centuori, S.M.; Saboda, K.; Calvert, V.S.; Petricoin, E.F., III; Curiel-Lewandrowski, C. Increased PD-L1 expression in human skin acutely and chronically exposed to UV irradiation. Photochem. Photobiol.,  2021, 97(4), 778-784.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/php.13406] [PMID: 33615483]

[109]
Zhang, M.; Dong, Y.; Liu, H.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, S.; Xuan, Q.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Q. The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer: A meta-analysis of 10 studies with 1,901 patients. Sci. Rep.,  2016, 6(1), 37933.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep37933] [PMID: 27892511]

[110]
Ren, J.; He, Q.; Yin, H.; Zheng, L.; Li, L.; Wu, X. Prognostic role and clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Transl. Oncol.,  2023, 25(5), 1436-1445.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12094-022-03040-1] [PMID: 36528835]
Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Journal Information
For Authors
For Editors
For Reviewers
Explore Articles
Open Access
Open Access Articles
For Visitors
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0109298673263784230922060257	Print ISSN 0929-8673
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-533X
Current Medicinal Chemistry

Association of PD-L1 Expression with Clinicopathologic Characters in Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis

Abstract Play Pause

Related Journals

Related Books

Abstract
