Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 0929-8673
ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Therapeutic Intervention of Serine Protease Inhibitors against Hepatitis C Virus

Author(s): Shagufta Kamal, Asif Shahzad, Kanwal Rehman, Komal Tariq, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash*, Muhammad Imran and Mohammed Ali Assiri

Volume 31, Issue 15, 2024

Published on: 19 October, 2023

Page: [2052 - 2072] Pages: 21

DOI: 10.2174/0109298673234823230921090431

Price: $65

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a globally prevalent and hazardous disorder that is responsible for inducing several persistent and potentially fatal liver diseases. Current treatment strategies offer limited efficacy, often accompanied by severe and debilitating adverse effects. Consequently, there is an urgent and compelling need to develop novel therapeutic interventions that can provide maximum efficacy in combating HCV while minimizing the burden of adverse effects on patients. One promising target against HCV is the NS3-4A serine protease, a complex composed of two HCV-encoded proteins. This non-covalent heterodimer is crucial in the viral life cycle and has become a primary focus for therapeutic interventions. Although peginterferon, combined with ribavirin, is commonly employed for HCV treatment, its efficacy is hampered by significant adverse effects that can profoundly impact patients' quality of life. In recent years, the development of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) has emerged as a breakthrough in HCV therapy. These agents exhibit remarkable potency against the virus and have demonstrated fewer adverse effects when combined with other DAAs. However, it is important to note that there is a potential for developing resistance to DAAs due to alterations in the amino acid position of the NS3-4A protease. This emphasizes the need for ongoing research to identify strategies that can minimize the emergence of resistance and ensure long-term effectiveness. While the combination of DAAs holds promise for HCV treatment, it is crucial to consider the possibility of drug-drug interactions. These interactions may occur when different DAAs are used concurrently, potentially compromising their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, carefully evaluating and monitoring potential drug interactions are vital to optimize treatment outcomes. In the pursuit of novel therapeutic interventions for HCV, the field of computational biology and bioinformatics has emerged as a valuable tool. These advanced technologies and methodologies enable the development and design of new drugs and therapeutic agents that exhibit maximum efficacy, reduced risk of resistance, and minimal adverse effects. By leveraging computational approaches, researchers can efficiently screen and optimize potential candidates, accelerating the discovery and development of highly effective treatments for HCV, treatments.

« Previous Next »
[1]
Abuelizz, H.A.; Marzouk, M.; Bakheit, A.H.; Al-Salahi, R. Investigation of some benzoquinazoline and quinazoline derivatives as novel inhibitors of HCV-NS3/4A protease: Biological, molecular docking and QSAR studies. RSC Advances, 2020, 10(59), 35820-35830.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0RA05604A] [PMID: 35517076]
[2]
Abutaleb, A.; Kottilil, S. Vedroprevir in the management of hepatitis C virus infection. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2017, 26(12), 1399-1402.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2017.1395412] [PMID: 29053394]
[3]
Choo, Q.L.; Kuo, G.; Weiner, A.J.; Overby, L.R.; Bradley, D.W.; Houghton, M. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science, 1989, 244(4902), 359-362.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2523562] [PMID: 2523562]
[4]
Alter, H.J. HCV natural history: The retrospective and prospective in perspective. J. Hepatol., 2005, 43(4), 550-552.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2005.07.002] [PMID: 16099527]
[5]
Roth, D.; Nelson, D.; Bruchfeld, A. Erratum: Grazoprevir plus elbasvir in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and stage 45 chronic kidney disease (the C-SURFER study): A combination phase 3 study.(Lancet (2015) 386 (1537-45)). Lancet, 2015, 386(10006), 1824.
[6]
Yeung, L.; King, S.M.; Roberts, E.A. Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology, 2001, 34(2), 223-229.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2001.25885] [PMID: 11481604]
[7]
Andreone, P; Colombo, MG; Enejosa, JV; Koksal, I; Ferenci, P; Maieron, A BT-450, ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir achieves 97% and 100% sustained virologic response with or without ribavirin in treatment-experienced patients with HCV genotype 1b infection. Gastroenterology, 2014, 147(2), 359-365.
[8]
Poordad, F.; McCone, J., Jr; Bacon, B.R.; Bruno, S.; Manns, M.P.; Sulkowski, M.S.; Jacobson, I.M.; Reddy, K.R.; Goodman, Z.D.; Boparai, N.; DiNubile, M.J.; Sniukiene, V.; Brass, C.A.; Albrecht, J.K.; Bronowicki, J.P. Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N. Engl. J. Med., 2011, 364(13), 1195-1206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1010494] [PMID: 21449783]
[9]
Rong, L.; Perelson, A.S. Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection with interferon and small molecule direct antivirals: Viral kinetics and modeling. Crit. Rev. Immunol., 2010, 30(2), 131-148.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v30.i2.30] [PMID: 20370626]
[10]
Arthur, D.E.; Ejeh, S.; Uzairu, A. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and design of novel ligands that demonstrate high potency and target selectivity as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) inhibitors as an effective strategy used to model anti-diabetic agents. J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res., 2020, 40(6), 501-520.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10799893.2020.1759092] [PMID: 32397858]
[11]
Houghton, J. Global warming: the complete briefing; Cambridge university press, 2009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511841590]
[12]
Ashfaq, U.A.; Javed, T.; Rehman, S.; Nawaz, Z.; Riazuddin, S. An overview of HCV molecular biology, replication and immune responses. Virol. J., 2011, 8(1), 161.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-161] [PMID: 21477382]
[13]
Bartenschlager, R.; Baumert, T.F.; Bukh, J.; Houghton, M.; Lemon, S.M.; Lindenbach, B.D.; Lohmann, V.; Moradpour, D.; Pietschmann, T.; Rice, C.M.; Thimme, R.; Wakita, T. Critical challenges and emerging opportunities in hepatitis C virus research in an era of potent antiviral therapy: Considerations for scientists and funding agencies. Virus Res., 2018, 248, 53-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2018.02.016] [PMID: 29477639]
[14]
Basytė-Bacevičė, V.; Kupčinskas, J. Evolution and revolution of hepatitis C management: From Non-A, Non-B hepatitis toward global elimination. Dig. Dis., 2020, 38(2), 137-142.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505434] [PMID: 31905358]
[15]
Reddy, K.R.; Zeuzem, S.; Zoulim, F.; Weiland, O.; Horban, A.; Stanciu, C.; Villamil, F.G.; Andreone, P.; George, J.; Dammers, E.; Fu, M.; Kurland, D.; Lenz, O.; Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan, S.; Verbinnen, T.; Scott, J.; Jessner, W. Simeprevir versus telaprevir with peginterferon and ribavirin in previous null or partial responders with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection (ATTAIN): A randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2015, 15(1), 27-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14)71002-3] [PMID: 25482330]
[16]
Baumert, T.F.; Berg, T.; Lim, J.K.; Nelson, D.R. Status of direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus infection and remaining challenges. Gastroenterology, 2019, 156(2), 431-445.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.024] [PMID: 30342035]
[17]
Steinkulher, C.; Kock, U.; Narjes, F.; Matassa, V. Hepatitis C virus protease inhibitors: Current progress and future challenges. Curr. Med. Chem., 2001, 8(8), 919-932.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867013372814] [PMID: 11375758]
[18]
Bhadoriya, K.S.; Sharma, M.C.; Jain, S.V. 2,4-Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole: Discovery of new lead as through pharmacophore modelling, atom-based 3D-QSAR, virtual screening and docking strategies for improved anti-HIV-1 chemotherapy. J. Taibah Univ. Sci., 2015, 9(4), 521-530.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.12.005]
[19]
Gupta, E.; Bhatia, M. Emerging resistance to directly-acting antiviral therapy in treatment of chronic Hepatitis C infection : A brief review of literature. J. Family Med. Prim. Care, 2020, 9(2), 531-538.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_943_19] [PMID: 32318377]
[20]
Poordad, F.; Sievert, W.; Mollison, L.; Brau, N.; Levin, J.; Sepe, T. All-oral, fixed-dose combination therapy with daclatasvir/asunaprevir/beclabuvir for non-cirrhotic patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection: UNITY-1 phase 3 SVR12 results; Boston, MA United States, 2014.
[21]
Blach, S.; Zeuzem, S.; Manns, M.; Altraif, I.; Duberg, A.S.; Muljono, D.H.; Waked, I.; Alavian, S.M.; Lee, M-H.; Negro, F.; Abaalkhail, F.; Abdou, A.; Abdulla, M.; Rached, A.A.; Aho, I.; Akarca, U.; Al Ghazzawi, I.; Al Kaabi, S.; Al Lawati, F.; Al Namaani, K.; Al Serkal, Y.; Al-Busafi, S.A.; Al-Dabal, L.; Aleman, S.; Alghamdi, A.S.; Aljumah, A.A.; Al-Romaihi, H.E.; Andersson, M.I.; Arendt, V.; Arkkila, P.; Assiri, A.M.; Baatarkhuu, O.; Bane, A.; Ben-Ari, Z.; Bergin, C.; Bessone, F.; Bihl, F.; Bizri, A.R.; Blachier, M.; Blasco, A.J.; Mello, C.E.B.; Bruggmann, P.; Brunton, C.R.; Calinas, F.; Chan, H.L.Y.; Chaudhry, A.; Cheinquer, H.; Chen, C-J.; Chien, R-N.; Choi, M.S.; Christensen, P.B.; Chuang, W-L.; Chulanov, V.; Cisneros, L.; Clausen, M.R.; Cramp, M.E.; Craxi, A.; Croes, E.A.; Dalgard, O.; Daruich, J.R.; de Ledinghen, V.; Dore, G.J.; El-Sayed, M.H.; Ergör, G.; Esmat, G.; Estes, C.; Falconer, K.; Farag, E.; Ferraz, M.L.G.; Ferreira, P.R.; Flisiak, R.; Frankova, S.; Gamkrelidze, I.; Gane, E.; García-Samaniego, J.; Khan, A.G.; Gountas, I.; Goldis, A.; Gottfredsson, M.; Grebely, J.; Gschwantler, M.; Pessôa, M.G.; Gunter, J.; Hajarizadeh, B.; Hajelssedig, O.; Hamid, S.; Hamoudi, W.; Hatzakis, A.; Himatt, S.M.; Hofer, H.; Hrstic, I.; Hui, Y-T.; Hunyady, B.; Idilman, R.; Jafri, W.; Jahis, R.; Janjua, N.Z.; Jarčuška, P.; Jeruma, A.; Jonasson, J.G.; Kamel, Y.; Kao, J-H.; Kaymakoglu, S.; Kershenobich, D.; Khamis, J.; Kim, Y.S.; Kondili, L.; Koutoubi, Z.; Krajden, M.; Krarup, H.; Lai, M.; Laleman, W.; Lao, W.; Lavanchy, D.; Lázaro, P.; Leleu, H.; Lesi, O.; Lesmana, L.A.; Li, M.; Liakina, V.; Lim, Y-S.; Luksic, B.; Mahomed, A.; Maimets, M.; Makara, M.; Malu, A.O.; Marinho, R.T.; Marotta, P.; Mauss, S.; Memon, M.S.; Correa, M.C.M.; Mendez-Sanchez, N.; Merat, S.; Metwally, A.M.; Mohamed, R.; Moreno, C.; Mourad, F.H.; Müllhaupt, B.; Murphy, K.; Nde, H.; Njouom, R.; Nonkovic, D.; Norris, S.; Obekpa, S.; Oguche, S.; Olafsson, S.; Oltman, M.; Omede, O.; Omuemu, C.; Opare-Sem, O.; Øvrehus, A.L.H.; Owusu-Ofori, S.; Oyunsuren, T.S.; Papatheodoridis, G.; Pasini, K.; Peltekian, K.M.; Phillips, R.O.; Pimenov, N.; Poustchi, H.; Prabdial-Sing, N.; Qureshi, H.; Ramji, A.; Razavi-Shearer, D.; Razavi-Shearer, K.; Redae, B.; Reesink, H.W.; Ridruejo, E.; Robbins, S.; Roberts, L.R.; Roberts, S.K.; Rosenberg, W.M.; Roudot-Thoraval, F.; Ryder, S.D.; Safadi, R.; Sagalova, O.; Salupere, R.; Sanai, F.M.; Avila, J.F.S.; Saraswat, V.; Sarmento-Castro, R.; Sarrazin, C.; Schmelzer, J.D.; Schréter, I.; Seguin-Devaux, C.; Shah, S.R.; Sharara, A.I.; Sharma, M.; Shevaldin, A.; Shiha, G.E.; Sievert, W.; Sonderup, M.; Souliotis, K.; Speiciene, D.; Sperl, J.; Stärkel, P.; Stauber, R.E.; Stedman, C.; Struck, D.; Su, T-H.; Sypsa, V.; Tan, S-S.; Tanaka, J.; Thompson, A.J.; Tolmane, I.; Tomasiewicz, K.; Valantinas, J.; Van Damme, P.; van der Meer, A.J.; van Thiel, I.; Van Vlierberghe, H.; Vince, A.; Vogel, W.; Wedemeyer, H.; Weis, N.; Wong, V.W.S.; Yaghi, C.; Yosry, A.; Yuen, M.; Yunihastuti, E.; Yusuf, A.; Zuckerman, E.; Razavi, H. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2017, 2(3), 161-176.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(16)30181-9] [PMID: 28404132]
[22]
Poordad, F.; Lawitz, E.; Reddy, K.R.; Afdhal, N.H.; Hézode, C.; Zeuzem, S. ffects of ribavirin dose reduction vs erythropoietin for boceprevir-related anemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection—a randomized trial. Gastroenterol, 2013, 145(5), 1035-44.
[23]
Bonsall, D.; Black, S.; Howe, A.Y.M.; Chase, R.; Ingravallo, P.; Pak, I.; Brown, A.; Smith, D.; Bowden, R.; Barnes, E. Characterization of hepatitis C virus resistance to grazoprevir reveals complex patterns of mutations following on-treatment breakthrough that are not observed at relapse. Infect. Drug Resist., 2018, 11, 1119-1135.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S156581] [PMID: 30127629]
[24]
Brennan, B.J.; Poirier, A.; Moreira, S.; Morcos, P.N.; Goelzer, P.; Portmann, R.; Asthappan, J.; Funk, C.; Smith, P.F. Characterization of the transmembrane transport and absolute bioavailability of the HCV protease inhibitor danoprevir. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 2015, 54(5), 537-549.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40262-014-0222-6] [PMID: 25488594]
[25]
Bukh, J. Animal models for the study of hepatitis C virus infection and related liver disease. Gastroenterology, 2012, 142(6), 1279-1287.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2012.02.016]
[26]
Narjes, F.; Koch, U.; Steinkühler, C. Recent developments in the discovery of hepatitis C virus serine protease inhibitors: Towards a new class of antiviral agents? Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2003, 12(2), 153-163.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543784.12.2.153] [PMID: 12556211]
[27]
Bukh, J. The history of hepatitis C virus (HCV): Basic research reveals unique features in phylogeny, evolution and the viral life cycle with new perspectives for epidemic control. J. Hepatol., 2016, 65(1)(Suppl.), S2-S21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.035] [PMID: 27641985]
[28]
Pockros, P.J.; Reddy, K.R.; Mantry, P.S.; Cohen, E.; Bennett, M.; Sulkowski, M.S.; Bernstein, D.E.; Cohen, D.E.; Shulman, N.S.; Wang, D.; Khatri, A.; Abunimeh, M.; Podsadecki, T.; Lawitz, E. Efficacy of direct-acting antiviral combination for patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease. Gastroenterology, 2016, 150(7), 1590-1598.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.078] [PMID: 26976799]
[29]
Buti, M; Agarwal, K; Horsmans, Y; Sievert, W; Janczewska, E; Zeuzem, S Telaprevir twice daily is noninferior to telaprevir every 8 hours for patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology, 2014, 146(3), 744-745.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.047]
[30]
Naggie, S.; Patel, K.; McHutchison, J. Hepatitis C virus directly acting antivirals: current developments with NS3/4A HCV serine protease inhibitors. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2010, 65(10), 2063-2069.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkq284] [PMID: 20688770]
[31]
Asselah, T; Boyer, N; Saadoun, D; Martinot-Peignoux, M; Marcellin, P Direct-acting antivirals for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection: Optimizing current IFN-free treatment and future perspectives. Liv. inter., 2016, 36(1), 47-57.
[32]
Butt, A.A.; Kanwal, F. Boceprevir and telaprevir in the management of hepatitis C virus-infected patients. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2012, 54(1), 96-104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir774] [PMID: 22156853]
[33]
de Leuw, P.; Stephan, C. Protease inhibitors for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. GMS Infect. Dis., 2017, 5, Doc08.
[PMID: 30671330]
[34]
Chahine, E.B.; Sucher, A.J.; Hemstreet, B.A. Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir. Ann. Pharmacother., 2017, 51(1), 44-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028016668897] [PMID: 27609942]
[35]
Sarrazin, C.; Castelli, F.; Andreone, P.; Buti, M.; Colombo, M.; Pol, S.; Calinas, F.; Puoti, M.; Olveira, A.; Shiffman, M.; Stern, J.; Kukolj, G.; Roehrle, M.; Aslanyan, S.; Deng, Q.; Vinisko, R.; Mensa, F.; Nelson, D. HCVerso1 and 2: Faldaprevir with deleobuvir (BI 207127) and ribavirin for treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype-1b infection. Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol., 2016, 9, 351-363.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S111116] [PMID: 27920566]
[36]
Sato, K.; Chayama, K.; Alves, K.; Toyoda, H.; Suzuki, F.; Kato, K.; Rodrigues, L., Jr; Zhang, X.; Setze, C.; Pilot-Matias, T.; Burroughs, M.; Redman, R.; Kumada, H. Randomized phase 3 trial of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus genotype 2-infected Japanese patients. Adv. Ther., 2017, 34(6), 1449-1465.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12325-017-0506-y] [PMID: 28536999]
[37]
Chayama, K.; Notsumata, K.; Kurosaki, M.; Sato, K.; Rodrigues, L., Jr; Setze, C.; Badri, P.; Pilot-Matias, T.; Vilchez, R.A.; Kumada, H. Randomized trial of interferon and ribavirin-free ombitasvir/paritaprevir//ritonavir in treatment-experienced hepatitis C virus–infected patients. Hepatology, 2015, 61(5), 1523-1532.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.27705] [PMID: 25644279]
[38]
Scheel, T.K.H.; Rice, C.M. Understanding the hepatitis C virus life cycle paves the way for highly effective therapies. Nat. Med., 2013, 19(7), 837-849.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3248] [PMID: 23836234]
[39]
Scola, P.M.; Sun, L.Q.; Wang, A.X.; Chen, J.; Sin, N.; Venables, B.L.; Sit, S.Y.; Chen, Y.; Cocuzza, A.; Bilder, D.M.; D’Andrea, S.V.; Zheng, B.; Hewawasam, P.; Tu, Y.; Friborg, J.; Falk, P.; Hernandez, D.; Levine, S.; Chen, C.; Yu, F.; Sheaffer, A.K.; Zhai, G.; Barry, D.; Knipe, J.O.; Han, Y.H.; Schartman, R.; Donoso, M.; Mosure, K.; Sinz, M.W.; Zvyaga, T.; Good, A.C.; Rajamani, R.; Kish, K.; Tredup, J.; Klei, H.E.; Gao, Q.; Mueller, L.; Colonno, R.J.; Grasela, D.M.; Adams, S.P.; Loy, J.; Levesque, P.C.; Sun, H.; Shi, H.; Sun, L.; Warner, W.; Li, D.; Zhu, J.; Meanwell, N.A.; McPhee, F. The discovery of asunaprevir (BMS-650032), an orally efficacious NS3 protease inhibitor for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. J. Med. Chem., 2014, 57(5), 1730-1752.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm500297k] [PMID: 24564672]
[40]
Sharma, A.; Gupta, S.; Siddiqui, A.; Sharma, N. HCV NS3/4A protease and its emerging inhibitors. J. Anal. Pharm. Res., 2017, 4(4), 00108.
[41]
da Silva Rocha, S.F.L.; Olanda, C.G.; Fokoue, H.H.; Sant’Anna, C.M.R. Virtual screening techniques in drug discovery: Review and recent applications. Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2019, 19(19), 1751-1767.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666190816101948] [PMID: 31418662]
[42]
Dan, Y.Y.; Ferrante, S.A.; Elbasha, E.H.; Hsu, T.Y. Cost-effectiveness of boceprevir co-administration versus pegylated interferon-α2b and ribavirin only for patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 in Singapore. Antivir. Ther., 2015, 20(2), 209-216.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3851/IMP2825] [PMID: 25105844]
[43]
Sharma, S.A.; Kowgier, M.; Hansen, B.E.; Brouwer, W.P.; Maan, R.; Wong, D.; Shah, H.; Khalili, K.; Yim, C.; Heathcote, E.J.; Janssen, H.L.A.; Sherman, M.; Hirschfield, G.M.; Feld, J.J. Toronto HCC risk index: A validated scoring system to predict 10-year risk of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. J. Hepatol., 2018, 68(1), 92-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.033] [PMID: 28844936]
[44]
Simmonds, P.; Becher, P.; Bukh, J.; Gould, E.A.; Meyers, G.; Monath, T.; Muerhoff, S.; Pletnev, A.; Rico-Hesse, R.; Smith, D.B.; Stapleton, J.T. ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Flaviviridae. J. Gen. Virol., 2017, 98(1), 2-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000672] [PMID: 28218572]
[45]
Dar, A.M.; Mir, S. Molecular docking: Approaches, types, applications and basic challenges. J. Anal. Bioanal. Tech., 2017, 8(2), 1-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000356]
[46]
Smith, D.B.; Bukh, J.; Kuiken, C.; Muerhoff, A.S.; Rice, C.M.; Stapleton, J.T.; Simmonds, P. Expanded classification of hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes: Updated criteria and genotype assignment web resource. Hepatology, 2014, 59(1), 318-327.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.26744] [PMID: 24115039]
[47]
Smith, L.S.; Nelson, M.; Naik, S.; Woten, J. Telaprevir: An NS3/4A protease inhibitor for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Ann. Pharmacother., 2011, 45(5), 639-648.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1P430] [PMID: 21558488]
[48]
De Clercq, E. Development of antiviral drugs for the treatment of hepatitis C at an accelerating pace. Rev. Med. Virol., 2015, 25(4), 254-267.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.1842] [PMID: 26043288]
[49]
Song, Z.Z. Randomized study of danoprevir/ritonavir-based therapy for HCV genotype 1 patients with prior partial or null responses to peginterferon/ribavirin. J. Hepatol., 2015, 63(3), 769-770.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.03.042] [PMID: 26142179]
[50]
Dirks, M.; Haag, K.; Pflugrad, H.; Tryc, A.B.; Schuppner, R.; Wedemeyer, H.; Potthoff, A.; Tillmann, H.L.; Sandorski, K.; Worthmann, H.; Ding, X.; Weissenborn, K. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in hepatitis C patients resemble those of patients with autoimmune liver disease but are different from those in hepatitis B patients. J. Viral Hepat., 2019, 26(4), 422-431.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12979] [PMID: 30120896]
[51]
Dore, G.J.; Altice, F.; Litwin, A.H.; Dalgard, O.; Gane, E.J.; Shibolet, O.; Luetkemeyer, A.; Nahass, R.; Peng, C.Y.; Conway, B.; Grebely, J.; Howe, A.Y.M.; Gendrano, I.N.; Chen, E.; Huang, H.C.; Dutko, F.J.; Nickle, D.C.; Nguyen, B.Y.; Wahl, J.; Barr, E.; Robertson, M.N.; Platt, H.L. Elbasvir–grazoprevir to treat hepatitis C virus infection in persons receiving opioid agonist therapy: A randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med., 2016, 165(9), 625-634.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M16-0816] [PMID: 27537841]
[52]
Stasi, C.; Silvestri, C.; Voller, F. Update on hepatitis C epidemiology: Unaware and untreated infected population could be the key to elimination. SN Compr. Clin. Med., 2020, 2(12), 2808-2815.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00588-3] [PMID: 33103061]
[53]
Dore, G.J.; Conway, B.; Luo, Y.; Janczewska, E.; Knysz, B.; Liu, Y.; Streinu-Cercel, A.; Caruntu, F.A.; Curescu, M.; Skoien, R.; Ghesquiere, W.; Mazur, W.; Soza, A.; Fuster, F.; Greenbloom, S.; Motoc, A.; Arama, V.; Shaw, D.; Tornai, I.; Sasadeusz, J.; Dalgard, O.; Sullivan, D.; Liu, X.; Kapoor, M.; Campbell, A.; Podsadecki, T. Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/r and dasabuvir compared to IFN-containing regimens in genotype 1 HCV patients: The MALACHITE-I/II trials. J. Hepatol., 2016, 64(1), 19-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.08.015] [PMID: 26321288]
[54]
Sterling, R.K.; Kuo, A.; Rustgi, V.K.; Sulkowski, M.S.; Stewart, T.G.; Fenkel, J.M.; El-Genaidi, H.; Mah’moud, M.A.; Abraham, G.M.; Stewart, P.W.; Akushevich, L.; Nelson, D.R.; Fried, M.W.; Di Bisceglie, A.M. Virological outcomes and treatment algorithms utilisation in observational study of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with boceprevir or telaprevir. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2015, 41(7), 671-685.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apt.13095] [PMID: 25627020]
[55]
Dustin, L.B.; Bartolini, B.; Capobianchi, M.R.; Pistello, M. Hepatitis C virus: Life cycle in cells, infection and host response, and analysis of molecular markers influencing the outcome of infection and response to therapy. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 2016, 22(10), 826-832.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2016.08.025] [PMID: 27592089]
[56]
Ejeh, S.; Uzairu, A.; Shallangwa, G.A.; Abechi, S.E. Computer-aided identification of a series of novel ligands showing high potency as hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitors. Bull. Natl. Res. Cent., 2021, 45(1), 3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42269-020-00467-w]
[57]
Sulkowski, M.; Hezode, C.; Gerstoft, J.; Vierling, J.M.; Mallolas, J.; Pol, S.; Kugelmas, M.; Murillo, A.; Weis, N.; Nahass, R.; Shibolet, O.; Serfaty, L.; Bourliere, M.; DeJesus, E.; Zuckerman, E.; Dutko, F.; Shaughnessy, M.; Hwang, P.; Howe, A.Y.M.; Wahl, J.; Robertson, M.; Barr, E.; Haber, B. Efficacy and safety of 8 weeks versus 12 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) with or without ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 mono-infection and HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection (C-WORTHY): A randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet, 2015, 385(9973), 1087-1097.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61793-1] [PMID: 25467560]
[58]
Everson, G.; Cooper, C.; Hézode, C.; Shiffman, M.L.; Yoshida, E.; Beltran-Jaramillo, T.; Andreone, P.; Bruno, S.; Ferenci, P.; Zeuzem, S.; Brunda, M.; Le Pogam, S.; Nájera, I.; Zhou, J.; Navarro, M.T.; Voulgari, A.; Shulman, N.S.; Yetzer, E.S. DAUPHINE: A randomized phase II study of danoprevir/ritonavir plus peginterferon alpha-2a/ribavirin in HCV genotypes 1 or 4. Liver Int., 2015, 35(1), 108-119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/liv.12471] [PMID: 24517252]
[59]
Sulkowski, M.S.; Vargas, H.E.; Di Bisceglie, A.M.; Kuo, A.; Reddy, K.R.; Lim, J.K.; Morelli, G.; Darling, J.M.; Feld, J.J.; Brown, R.S.; Frazier, L.M.; Stewart, T.G.; Fried, M.W.; Nelson, D.R.; Jacobson, I.M.; Afdhal, N.; Alam, I.; Ben-Ari, Z.; Bredfeldt, J.; Brown, R.S.; Chung, R.T.; Darling, J.; Harlan, W.; Di Bisceglie, A.M.; Dickson, R.C.; Elbeshbeshy, H.A.; Everson, G.; Feld, J.; Fenkel, J.M.; Fried, M.W.; Galati, J.; Gordon, S.C.; Hassan, M.; Hawkins, T.N.; Hinestrosa, F.; Jacobson, I.M.; Kerr, C.A.; Kuo, A.; Kwo, P.Y.; Levitsky, J.; Lim, J.; Lok, A.S.; Mailliard, M.; Manns, M.P.; Morelli, G.; Muir, A.J.; Nelson, D.; O’Leary, J.G.; Pearlman, B.L.; Pockros, P.; Ramani, A.; Reau, N.; Reddy, K.R.; Schiff, E.R.; Sherman, K.E.; Shiffman, M.L.; Smith, C.; Spivey, J.R.; Sterling, R.K.; Sulkowski, M.S.; Szabo, G.; Terrault, N.A.; Trautwein, C.; Vargas, H.E.; Watts, K.; Williams, A.; Zeuzem, S. Effectiveness of simeprevir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, in real-world patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. Gastroenterology, 2016, 150(2), 419-429.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2015.10.013] [PMID: 26497081]
[60]
Thompson, AJ; Muir, AJ; Sulkowski, MS; Ge, D; Fellay, J; Shianna, KV Interleukin-28B polymorphism improves viral kinetics and is the strongest pretreatment predictor of sustained virologic response in genotype 1 hepatitis C virus. Gastroenterology, 2010, 139(1), 120-129.
[61]
Farci, P.; Choo, Q.L.; Kuo, G.; Weiner, A.J.; Overby, L.R.; Bradley, D.W.; Houghton, M. Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome [Science 1989;244:359–362]. J. Hepatol., 2002, 36(5), 582-585.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00051-X] [PMID: 11983439]
[62]
Toyota, J.; Karino, Y.; Suzuki, F.; Ikeda, F.; Ido, A.; Tanaka, K.; Takaguchi, K.; Naganuma, A.; Tomita, E.; Chayama, K.; Fujiyama, S.; Inada, Y.; Yoshiji, H.; Watanabe, H.; Ishikawa, H.; Hu, W.; McPhee, F.; Linaberry, M.; Yin, P.D.; Swenson, E.S.; Kumada, H. Daclatasvir/asunaprevir/beclabuvir fixed-dose combination in Japanese patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. J. Gastroenterol., 2017, 52(3), 385-395.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00535-016-1245-6] [PMID: 27502287]
[63]
Valles, S.M.; Chen, Y.; Firth, A.E.; Guérin, D.M.A.; Hashimoto, Y.; Herrero, S.; de Miranda, J.R.; Ryabov, E. ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Iflaviridae. J. Gen. Virol., 2017, 98(4), 527-528.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000757] [PMID: 28382900]
[64]
Feinstone, S.M.; Kapikian, A.Z.; Purcell, R.H.; Alter, H.J.; Holland, P.V.; Zuckerman, R.A.J. Transfusion-associated hepatitis not due to viral hepatitis type A or B. Rev. Med. Virol., 2001, 11(1), 3-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.304] [PMID: 11241798]
[65]
Vermehren, J.; Park, J.S.; Jacobson, I.M.; Zeuzem, S. Challenges and perspectives of direct antivirals for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. J. Hepatol., 2018, 69(5), 1178-1187.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.07.002] [PMID: 30006068]
[66]
Feinstone, S.M.; Kapikian, A.Z.; Purcell, R.H.; Alter, H.J.; Holland, P.V. Transfusion-associated hepatitis not due to viral hepatitis type A or B. N. Engl. J. Med., 1975, 292(15), 767-770.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197504102921502] [PMID: 163436]
[67]
Feld, J.J.; Moreno, C.; Trinh, R.; Tam, E.; Bourgeois, S.; Horsmans, Y.; Elkhashab, M.; Bernstein, D.E.; Younes, Z.; Reindollar, R.W.; Larsen, L.; Fu, B.; Howieson, K.; Polepally, A.R.; Pangerl, A.; Shulman, N.S.; Poordad, F. Sustained virologic response of 100% in HCV genotype 1b patients with cirrhosis receiving ombitasvir/paritaprevir/r and dasabuvir for 12 weeks. J. Hepatol., 2016, 64(2), 301-307.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.10.005] [PMID: 26476290]
[68]
Wei, L.; Shang, J.; Ma, Y.; Xu, X.; Huang, Y.; Guan, Y.; Duan, Z.; Zhang, W.; Gao, Z.; Zhang, M.; Li, J.; Jia, J.; Yang, Y.; Wen, X.; Wang, M.; Jia, Z.; Ning, B.; Chen, Y.; Qi, Y.; Du, J.; Jiang, J.; Tong, L.; Xie, Y.; Wu, J.J. Efficacy and safety of 12-week interferon-based danoprevir regimen in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol., 2019, 7(X), 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2019.00018] [PMID: 31608213]
[69]
Ferenci, P.; Bernstein, D.; Lalezari, J.; Cohen, D.; Luo, Y.; Cooper, C.; Tam, E.; Marinho, R.T.; Tsai, N.; Nyberg, A.; Box, T.D.; Younes, Z.; Enayati, P.; Green, S.; Baruch, Y.; Bhandari, B.R.; Caruntu, F.A.; Sepe, T.; Chulanov, V.; Janczewska, E.; Rizzardini, G.; Gervain, J.; Planas, R.; Moreno, C.; Hassanein, T.; Xie, W.; King, M.; Podsadecki, T.; Reddy, K.R. ABT-450/r–Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir with or without Ribavirin for HCV. N. Engl. J. Med., 2014, 370(21), 1983-1992.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1402338] [PMID: 24795200]
[70]
Wieland, S.; Makowska, Z.; Campana, B.; Calabrese, D.; Dill, M.T.; Chung, J.; Chisari, F.V.; Heim, M.H. Simultaneous detection of hepatitis C virus and interferon stimulated gene expression in infected human liver. Hepatology, 2014, 59(6), 2121-2130.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.26770] [PMID: 24122862]
[71]
Flamm, SL; Lawitz, E; Jacobson, I; Bourlière, M; Hezode, C; Vierling, JM Boceprevir with peginterferon alfa-2a–ribavirin is effective for previously treated chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection. Clin. Gastroent. Hepat., 2013, 11(1), 81-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2012.10.006]
[72]
Foote, B.S.; Spooner, L.M.; Belliveau, P.P. Boceprevir: A protease inhibitor for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Ann. Pharmacother., 2011, 45(9), 1085-1093.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1P744] [PMID: 21828346]
[73]
Yang, H.; Robinson, M.; Corsa, A.C.; Peng, B.; Cheng, G.; Tian, Y.; Wang, Y.; Pakdaman, R.; Shen, M.; Qi, X.; Mo, H.; Tay, C.; Krawczyk, S.; Sheng, X.C.; Kim, C.U.; Yang, C.; Delaney, W.E., IV Preclinical characterization of the novel hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitor GS-9451. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2014, 58(2), 647-653.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00487-13] [PMID: 23939899]
[74]
Zappulo, E.; Scotto, R.; Buonomo, A.R.; Maraolo, A.E.; Pinchera, B.; Gentile, I. Efficacy and safety of a fixed dose combination tablet of asunaprevir + beclabuvir + daclatasvir for the treatment of hepatitis C. Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 2020, 21(3), 261-273.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2019.1697674] [PMID: 31914336]
[75]
Gane, E.J.; Pockros, P.J.; Zeuzem, S.; Marcellin, P.; Shikhman, A.; Bernaards, C.; Zhou, J.; Yetzer, E.S.; Ballester, R.; Dwyer, C.; Tong, X.; Nájera, I.; Bertasso, A.; Hammond, J.; Kindrick, A.; Morcos, P.N.; Smith, P.; Stancic, S.; Shulman, N.S. Mericitabine and ritonavir-boosted danoprevir with or without ribavirin in treatment-naive HCV genotype 1 patients: INFORM-SVR study. Liver Int., 2015, 35(1), 79-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/liv.12588] [PMID: 24814388]
[76]
Gane, E.J.; Rouzier, R.; Stedman, C.; Wiercinska-Drapalo, A.; Horban, A.; Chang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Sampeur, P.; Nájera, I.; Smith, P.; Shulman, N.S.; Tran, J.Q. Antiviral activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics of danoprevir/ritonavir plus PEG-IFN α-2a/RBV in hepatitis C patients. J. Hepatol., 2011, 55(5), 972-979.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2011.01.046] [PMID: 21354234]
[77]
Zeuzem, S.; Soriano, V.; Asselah, T.; Bronowicki, J.P.; Lohse, A.W.; Müllhaupt, B.; Schuchmann, M.; Bourlière, M.; Buti, M.; Roberts, S.K.; Gane, E.J.; Stern, J.O.; Vinisko, R.; Kukolj, G.; Gallivan, J.P.; Böcher, W.O.; Mensa, F.J. Faldaprevir and deleobuvir for HCV genotype 1 infection. N. Engl. J. Med., 2013, 369(7), 630-639.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1213557] [PMID: 23944300]
[78]
Zhang, X. Direct anti-HCV agents. Acta Pharm. Sin. B, 2016, 6(1), 26-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2015.09.008] [PMID: 26904396]
[79]
Zhang, X.; Wang, T.; Dai, X.; Zhang, Y.; Jiang, H.; Zhang, Q.; Liu, F.; Wu, K.; Liu, Y.; Zhou, H.; Wu, J. Golgi protein 73 facilitates the interaction of hepatitis C virus NS5A with apolipoprotein E to promote viral particle secretion. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2016, 479(4), 683-689.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.152] [PMID: 27697522]
[80]
Zhu, Y.; Chen, S. Antiviral treatment of hepatitis C virus infection and factors affecting efficacy. World J. Gastroenterol., 2013, 19(47), 8963-8973.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i47.8963] [PMID: 24379621]
[81]
Geddawy, A.; Ibrahim, Y.F.; Elbahie, N.M.; Ibrahim, M.A. Direct acting anti-hepatitis C virus drugs: Clinical pharmacology and future direction. J. Transl. Int. Med., 2017, 5(1), 8-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtim-2017-0007] [PMID: 28680834]
[82]
Gentile, I.; Zappulo, E.; Buonomo, A.R.; Scotto, R.; Borgia, G. Asunaprevir for hepatitis C: A safety evaluation. Expert Opin. Drug Saf., 2015, 14(10), 1631-1646.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14740338.2015.1084287] [PMID: 26329454]
[83]
Ghany, M.G.; Nelson, D.R.; Strader, D.B.; Thomas, D.L.; Seeff, L.B. An update on treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus infection: 2011 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology, 2011, 54(4), 1433-1444.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.24641] [PMID: 21898493]
[84]
Herbst, D.A.; Reddy, K.R. NS5A inhibitor, daclatasvir, for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2013, 22(10), 1337-1346.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543784.2013.826189] [PMID: 23931586]
[85]
Hézode, C.; Asselah, T.; Reddy, K.R.; Hassanein, T.; Berenguer, M.; Fleischer-Stepniewska, K.; Marcellin, P.; Hall, C.; Schnell, G.; Pilot-Matias, T.; Mobashery, N.; Redman, R.; Vilchez, R.A.; Pol, S. Ombitasvir plus paritaprevir plus ritonavir with or without ribavirin in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus infection (PEARL-I): A randomised, open-label trial. Lancet, 2015, 385(9986), 2502-2509.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60159-3] [PMID: 25837829]
[86]
Hézode, C; Fontaine, H; Dorival, C; Zoulim, F; Larrey, D; Canva, V Effectiveness of telaprevir or boceprevir in treatment-experienced patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and cirrhosis. Gastroenterology, 2014, 147(1), 132-142.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.03.051]
[87]
Hoofnagle, J.H.; Seeff, L.B. Peginterferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. N. Engl. J. Med., 2006, 355(23), 2444-2451.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMct061675] [PMID: 17151366]
[88]
Houghton, M. The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus. J. Hepatol., 2009, 51(5), 939-948.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004] [PMID: 19781804]
[89]
Irwin, K.K.; Renzette, N.; Kowalik, T.F.; Jensen, J.D. Antiviral drug resistance as an adaptive process. Virus Evol., 2016, 2(1), vew014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/vew014] [PMID: 28694997]
[90]
Isken, O.; Langerwisch, U.; Jirasko, V.; Rehders, D.; Redecke, L.; Ramanathan, H.; Lindenbach, B.D.; Bartenschlager, R.; Tautz, N. A conserved NS3 surface patch orchestrates NS2 protease stimulation, NS5A hyperphosphorylation and HCV genome replication. PLoS Pathog., 2015, 11(3), e1004736.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004736] [PMID: 25774920]
[91]
Isken, O.; Langerwisch, U.; Jirasko, V.; Rehders, D.; Redecke, L.; Ramanathan, H.; Lindenbach, B.D.; Bartenschlager, R.; Tautz, N. Correction: A conserved NS3 surface patch orchestrates NS2 protease stimulation, NS5A Hyperphosphorylation and HCV genome replication. PLoS Pathog., 2016, 12(1), e1005394.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005394] [PMID: 26745726]
[92]
Jacobson, IM; Lawitz, E; Kwo, PY; Hézode, C; Peng, C-Y; Howe, AY Safety and efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and compensated cirrhosis: An integrated analysis. Gastroenterology, 2017, 152(6), 1372-1382.
[93]
Jiang, Y.; Andrews, S.W.; Condroski, K.R.; Buckman, B.; Serebryany, V.; Wenglowsky, S.; Kennedy, A.L.; Madduru, M.R.; Wang, B.; Lyon, M.; Doherty, G.A.; Woodard, B.T.; Lemieux, C.; Do, M.G.; Zhang, H.; Ballard, J.; Vigers, G.; Brandhuber, B.J.; Stengel, P.; Josey, J.A.; Beigelman, L.; Blatt, L.; Seiwert, S.D. Discovery of danoprevir (ITMN-191/R7227), a highly selective and potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease. J. Med. Chem., 2014, 57(5), 1753-1769.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm400164c] [PMID: 23672640]
[94]
Kanda, T.; Yokosuka, O.; Omata, M. Faldaprevir for the treatment of hepatitis C. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2015, 16(12), 4985-4996.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16034985] [PMID: 25749475]
[95]
Kao, J.H.; Yu, M.L.; Peng, C.Y.; Heo, J.; Chu, C.J.; Chang, T.T.; Lee, Y.J.; Hu, T.H.; Yoon, K.T.; Paik, S.W.; Lim, Y.S.; Ahn, S.H.; Isakov, V.; McPhee, F.; Hu, W.; Scott Swenson, E.; Yin, P.D.; Treitel, M. Daclatasvir/asunaprevir/beclabuvir, all-oral, fixed-dose combination for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2017, 32(12), 1998-2005.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13796] [PMID: 28370350]
[96]
Kattakuzhy, S.; Wilson, E.; Sidharthan, S.; Sims, Z.; McLaughlin, M.; Price, A.; Silk, R.; Gross, C.; Akoth, E.; McManus, M.; Emmanuel, B.; Shrivastava, S.; Tang, L.; Nelson, A.; Teferi, G.; Chavez, J.; Lam, B.; Mo, H.; Osinusi, A.; Polis, M.A.; Masur, H.; Kohli, A.; Kottilil, S. Moderate sustained virologic response rates with 6-week combination directly acting anti–hepatitis C virus therapy in patients with advanced liver disease. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2016, 62(4), 440-447.
[PMID: 26503379]
[97]
Kohli, A.; Kattakuzhy, S.; Sidharthan, S.; Nelson, A.; McLaughlin, M.; Seamon, C.; Wilson, E.; Meissner, E.G.; Sims, Z.; Silk, R.; Gross, C.; Akoth, E.; Tang, L.; Price, A.; Jolley, T.A.; Emmanuel, B.; Proschan, M.; Teferi, G.; Chavez, J.; Abbott, S.; Osinusi, A.; Mo, H.; Polis, M.A.; Masur, H.; Kottilil, S. Four-week direct-acting antiviral regimens in noncirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection: An open-label, nonrandomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med., 2015, 163(12), 899-907.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M15-0642] [PMID: 26595450]
[98]
Kohli, A.; Osinusi, A.; Sims, Z.; Nelson, A.; Meissner, E.G.; Barrett, L.L.; Bon, D.; Marti, M.M.; Silk, R.; Kotb, C.; Gross, C.; Jolley, T.A.; Sidharthan, S.; Petersen, T.; Townsend, K.; Egerson, D.A.; Kapoor, R.; Spurlin, E.; Sneller, M.; Proschan, M.; Herrmann, E.; Kwan, R.; Teferi, G.; Talwani, R.; Diaz, G.; Kleiner, D.E.; Wood, B.J.; Chavez, J.; Abbott, S.; Symonds, W.T.; Subramanian, G.M.; Pang, P.S.; McHutchison, J.; Polis, M.A.; Fauci, A.S.; Masur, H.; Kottilil, S. Virological response after 6 week triple-drug regimens for hepatitis C: A proof-of-concept phase 2A cohort study. Lancet, 2015, 385(9973), 1107-1113.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61228-9] [PMID: 25591505]
[99]
Krishnan, P.; Schnell, G.; Tripathi, R.; Beyer, J.; Reisch, T.; Zhang, X.; Setze, C.; Rodrigues, L., Jr; Burroughs, M.; Redman, R.; Chayama, K.; Kumada, H.; Collins, C.; Pilot-Matias, T. Analysis of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b resistance variants in Japanese patients treated with paritaprevir-ritonavir and ombitasvir. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2016, 60(2), 1106-1113.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02606-15] [PMID: 26643326]
[100]
Kumada, H.; Chayama, K.; Rodrigues, L., Jr; Suzuki, F.; Ikeda, K.; Toyoda, H.; Sato, K.; Karino, Y.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Kioka, K.; Setze, C.; Pilot-Matias, T.; Patwardhan, M.; Vilchez, R.A.; Burroughs, M.; Redman, R. Randomized phase 3 trial of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir for hepatitis C virus genotype 1b–infected Japanese patients with or without cirrhosis. Hepatology, 2015, 62(4), 1037-1046.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.27972] [PMID: 26147154]
[101]
Kwo, P.; Gitlin, N.; Nahass, R.; Bernstein, D.; Etzkorn, K.; Rojter, S.; Schiff, E.; Davis, M.; Ruane, P.; Younes, Z.; Kalmeijer, R.; Sinha, R.; Peeters, M.; Lenz, O.; Fevery, B.; De La Rosa, G.; Scott, J.; Witek, J. Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir (12 and 8 weeks) in hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected patients without cirrhosis: OPTIMIST-1, a phase 3, randomized study. Hepatology, 2016, 64(2), 370-380.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.28467] [PMID: 26799692]
[102]
Kwo, P.Y.; Lawitz, E.J.; McCone, J.; Schiff, E.R.; Vierling, J.M.; Pound, D.; Davis, M.N.; Galati, J.S.; Gordon, S.C.; Ravendhran, N.; Rossaro, L.; Anderson, F.H.; Jacobson, I.M.; Rubin, R.; Koury, K.; Pedicone, L.D.; Brass, C.A.; Chaudhri, E.; Albrecht, J.K. Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): An open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial. Lancet, 2010, 376(9742), 705-716.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60934-8] [PMID: 20692693]
[103]
Lahser, F.C.; Bystol, K.; Curry, S.; McMonagle, P.; Xia, E.; Ingravallo, P.; Chase, R.; Liu, R.; Black, T.; Hazuda, D.; Howe, A.Y.M.; Asante-Appiah, E. The combination of grazoprevir, a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor, and elbasvir, an HCV NS5A inhibitor, demonstrates a high genetic barrier to resistance in HCV genotype 1a replicons. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2016, 60(5), 2954-2964.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00051-16] [PMID: 26926625]
[104]
Laufer, N.L.; Rockstroh, J.K. Faldaprevir (BI 201335) for the treatment of hepatitis C in patients co-infected with HIV. Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther., 2014, 12(2), 157-164.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14787210.2014.868774] [PMID: 24350778]
[105]
Lawitz, E.; Gane, E.; Pearlman, B.; Tam, E.; Ghesquiere, W.; Guyader, D.; Alric, L.; Bronowicki, J.P.; Lester, L.; Sievert, W.; Ghalib, R.; Balart, L.; Sund, F.; Lagging, M.; Dutko, F.; Shaughnessy, M.; Hwang, P.; Howe, A.Y.M.; Wahl, J.; Robertson, M.; Barr, E.; Haber, B. Efficacy and safety of 12 weeks versus 18 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) with or without ribavirin for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in previously untreated patients with cirrhosis and patients with previous null response with or without cirrhosis (C-WORTHY): A randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet, 2015, 385(9973), 1075-1086.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61795-5] [PMID: 25467591]
[106]
Lawitz, E; Makara, M; Akarca, US; Thuluvath, PJ; Preotescu, LL; Varunok, P Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir in an open-label study of patients with genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C virus infection with and without cirrhosis. Gastroenterology, 2015, 149(4), 971-980.
[107]
Lawitz, E.; Matusow, G.; DeJesus, E.; Yoshida, E.M.; Felizarta, F.; Ghalib, R.; Godofsky, E.; Herring, R.W.; Poleynard, G.; Sheikh, A.; Tobias, H.; Kugelmas, M.; Kalmeijer, R.; Peeters, M.; Lenz, O.; Fevery, B.; De La Rosa, G.; Scott, J.; Sinha, R.; Witek, J. Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and cirrhosis: A phase 3 study (OPTIMIST-2). Hepatology, 2016, 64(2), 360-369.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.28422] [PMID: 26704148]
[108]
Lawitz, E; Reau, N; Hinestrosa, F; Rabinovitz, M; Schiff, E; Sheikh, A Efficacy of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and GS-9857 in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection in an open-label, phase 2 trial. 2016, Gastroenterology, 2016, 151(5), 893-901.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.039]
[109]
Lawitz, E.; Sulkowski, M.S.; Ghalib, R.; Rodriguez-Torres, M.; Younossi, Z.M.; Corregidor, A.; DeJesus, E.; Pearlman, B.; Rabinovitz, M.; Gitlin, N.; Lim, J.K.; Pockros, P.J.; Scott, J.D.; Fevery, B.; Lambrecht, T.; Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan, S.; Callewaert, K.; Symonds, W.T.; Picchio, G.; Lindsay, K.L.; Beumont, M.; Jacobson, I.M. Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, to treat chronic infection with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in non-responders to pegylated interferon and ribavirin and treatment-naive patients: The COSMOS randomised study. Lancet, 2014, 384(9956), 1756-1765.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61036-9] [PMID: 25078309]
[110]
Li, G.; De Clercq, E. Current therapy for chronic hepatitis C: The role of direct-acting antivirals. Antiviral Res., 2017, 142, 83-122.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.02.014] [PMID: 28238877]
[111]
Liao, C.; Peach, M.L.; Yao, R.; Nicklaus, M.C. Molecular docking and structure-based virtual screening; Future Medicine, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/ebo.13.181]
[112]
Lin, F.; Young, H.A. Interferons: Success in anti-viral immunotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev., 2014, 25(4), 369-376.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.015] [PMID: 25156421]
[113]
Liu, J.; Han, J.; Izawa, K.; Sato, T.; White, S.; Meanwell, N.A.; Soloshonok, V.A. Cyclic tailor-made amino acids in the design of modern pharmaceuticals. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2020, 208, 112736.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112736] [PMID: 32966895]
[114]
Liver, E.A.F.T.S.O.T. EASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B. J. Hepatol., 2009, 50(2), 227-242.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2008.10.001] [PMID: 19054588]
[115]
Liver, E.A.F.T.S.O.T. EASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of hepatitis C virus infection. J. Hepatol., 2011, 55(2), 245-264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.023] [PMID: 21371579]
[116]
Loke, M.F.; Hanafi, A. Molecular mechanisms responsible for drug resistance. Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 3; Ranganathan, S.; Gribskov, M.; Nakai, K.; Schönbach, C., Eds.; Academic Press: Oxford, 2019, pp. 926-931.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.20467-6]
[117]
Manns, M.P.; Bourlière, M.; Benhamou, Y.; Pol, S.; Bonacini, M.; Trepo, C.; Wright, D.; Berg, T.; Calleja, J.L.; White, P.W.; Stern, J.O.; Steinmann, G.; Yong, C.L.; Kukolj, G.; Scherer, J.; Boecher, W.O. Potency, safety, and pharmacokinetics of the NS3/4A protease inhibitor BI201335 in patients with chronic HCV genotype-1 infection. J. Hepatol., 2011, 54(6), 1114-1122.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2010.08.040] [PMID: 21145839]
[118]
Manns, M.P.; Poordad, F.; Bacon, B.R.; Bruno, S.; Esteban, R.; Silva, M.O.; Buti, M.; Burroughs, M.; Sniukiene, V.; Boparai, N.; Brass, C.A.; Albrecht, J.K.; Bronowicki, J-P. Response-guided therapy with boceprevir plus peginterferon alfa-2b/ribavirin reduces treatment duration in naïve and peginterferon alfa-2b/ribavirin previous-treatment-failure patients with hcv genotype 1. Gastroenterology, 2011, 140(5), S-942.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(11)63907-3]
[119]
McPhee, F.; Sheaffer, A.K.; Friborg, J.; Hernandez, D.; Falk, P.; Zhai, G.; Levine, S.; Chaniewski, S.; Yu, F.; Barry, D.; Chen, C.; Lee, M.S.; Mosure, K.; Sun, L.Q.; Sinz, M.; Meanwell, N.A.; Colonno, R.J.; Knipe, J.; Scola, P. Preclinical profile and characterization of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitor asunaprevir (BMS-650032). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2012, 56(10), 5387-5396.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01186-12] [PMID: 22869577]
[120]
Messina, J.P.; Humphreys, I.; Flaxman, A.; Brown, A.; Cooke, G.S.; Pybus, O.G.; Barnes, E. Global distribution and prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes. Hepatology, 2015, 61(1), 77-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.27259] [PMID: 25069599]
[121]
Petruzziello, A.; Marigliano, S.; Loquercio, G.; Cozzolino, A.; Cacciapuoti, C. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: An up-date of the distribution and circulation of hepatitis C virus genotypes. World J. Gastroenterol., 2016, 22(34), 7824-7840.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i34.7824] [PMID: 27678366]
[122]
Miao, M.; Jing, X.; De Clercq, E.; Li, G. Danoprevir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection: Design, development, and place in therapy. Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 2020, 14, 2759-2774.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S254754] [PMID: 32764876]
[123]
Pawlotsky, J.M.; Feld, J.J.; Zeuzem, S.; Hoofnagle, J.H. From non-A, non-B hepatitis to hepatitis C virus cure. J. Hepatol., 2015, 62(1)(Suppl.), S87-S99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.02.006] [PMID: 25920094]
[124]
Morozov, V.A.; Lagaye, S. Hepatitis C virus: Morphogenesis, infection and therapy. World J. Hepatol., 2018, 10(2), 186-212.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v10.i2.186] [PMID: 29527256]
[125]
Muir, A.; Poordad, F.; Lalezari, J.; Everson, G.; Dore, G.; Kwo, P. All-oral fixed-dose combination therapy with daclatasvir/asunaprevir/beclabuvir,±ribavirin, for patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection and compensated cirrhosis: UNITY-2 phase 3 SVR12 results. Hepatology, 2014, 60, 1267A.
[126]
Parlati, L.; Hollande, C.; Pol, S. Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol., 2021, 45(4), 101578.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2020.11.008] [PMID: 33272891]
[127]
Neves, B.J.; Braga, R.C.; Melo-Filho, C.C.; Moreira-Filho, J.T.; Muratov, E.N.; Andrade, C.H. QSAR-based virtual screening: Advances and applications in drug discovery. Front. Pharmacol., 2018, 9, 1275.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01275] [PMID: 30524275]
[128]
Oscarsson, K.; Poliakov, A.; Oscarson, S.; Danielson, U.H.; Hallberg, A.; Samuelsson, B. Peptide-based inhibitors of hepatitis C virus full-length NS3 (protease-helicase/NTPase): model compounds towards small molecule inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2003, 11(13), 2955-2963.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(03)00190-1] [PMID: 12788365]
[129]
Pan, Q.; Peppelenbosch, M.P.; Janssen, H.L.; de Knegt, R.J. Telaprevir/boceprevir era: From bench to bed and back. World J. Gastroenterol., 2012, 18(43), 6183-6188.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i43.6183] [PMID: 23180937]
[130]
Ng, T.I.; Krishnan, P.; Pilot-Matias, T.; Kati, W.; Schnell, G.; Beyer, J.; Reisch, T.; Lu, L.; Dekhtyar, T.; Irvin, M.; Tripathi, R.; Maring, C.; Randolph, J.T.; Wagner, R.; Collins, C. In vitro antiviral activity and resistance profile of the next-generation hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor pibrentasvir. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2017, 61(5), e02558-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02558-16] [PMID: 28193664]
[131]
Ioannou, GN; Beste, LA; Chang, MF; Green, PK; Lowy, E; Tsui, JI Effectiveness of sofosbuvir, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, or paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir regimens for treatment of patients with hepatitis C in the Veterans Affairs National Health Care System. Gastroenterology, 2016, 151(3), 457-471.
[132]
Clemente, M.; Corigliano, M.; Pariani, S.; Sánchez-López, E.; Sander, V.; Ramos-Duarte, V. Plant serine protease inhibitors: Biotechnology application in agriculture and molecular farming. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2019, 20(6), 1345.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061345] [PMID: 30884891]
[133]
Darwish, I.A.; Al-Majed, A.A.; Alsaif, N.A.; Bakheit, A.H.; Herqash, R.N.; Alzaid, A. Darunavir: A comprehensive profile. Profiles Drug Subst. Excip. Relat. Methodol., 2021, 46, 1-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.podrm.2020.07.001] [PMID: 33461696]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy