Generic placeholder image

Current Computer-Aided Drug Design

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4099
ISSN (Online): 1875-6697

Research Article

Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from the Bark of Terminalia arjuna and an In-silico Investigation on its Activity in Colorectal Cancer

Author(s): Tathagata Adhikary and Piyali Basak*

Volume 20, Issue 5, 2024

Published on: 17 October, 2023

Page: [653 - 665] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/0115734099264119230925054833

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The interconnection between different fields of research has gained interest due to its cutting-edge perspectives in solving scientific problems. Terminalia arjuna is indigenously used in India for curing several diseases, and its pharmacological activities are being revisited in recent drug-repurposing research.

Objectives: Efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction of phytochemicals from the bark of Terminalia arjuna is highlighted in this study. Following the optimization of the extraction process, the crude hydroethanolic extract is subjected to phytochemical profiling and an in-silico investigation of its anti-cancer properties.

Materials and Methods: A three-level four-factor Box-Behnken design is exploited to optimize four operational parameters, namely extraction time, ultrasonic power, ethanol concentration (as the extracting solvent) and solute (in g): solvent (in mL) ratio. At the optimum parametric condition, the crude extract is obtained, and its GC-MS analysis is carried out. An analysis of network pharmacology (by constructing and visualizing biological networks using Cytoscape) combined with molecular docking reveals the potential antineoplastic targets of the crude extract.

Results: The ANOVA table exhibits the significance, adequacy and reliability of the proposed second-order polynomial model with the R² value of 0.917 and adjusted R² of 0.865. Experimental results portray the significant antioxidant potential of the prepared extract in its crude form. The GC-MS analysis of the crude extract predicts the extracted phytochemicals, while the constructed biological networks highlight its multi-targeted activity in colorectal cancer.

Conclusion: The study identifies three phytochemicals viz. luteolin, β-sitosterol and arjunic acid as potent anti-cancer agents and can be extended with in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to validate the in-silico results, thus establishing lead phytochemicals in multi-targeted colorectal cancer therapies.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Petrovska, B. Historical review of medicinal plants′ usage. Pharmacogn. Rev., 2012, 6(11), 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.95849] [PMID: 22654398]
[2]
WHO Global Report on Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2019. World Health Organization, 2019.
[3]
Stickel, F.; Schuppan, D. Herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases. Dig. Liver Dis., 2007, 39(4), 293-304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2006.11.004] [PMID: 17331820]
[4]
Amalraj, A.; Gopi, S. Medicinal properties of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.: A review. J. Tradit. Complement. Med., 2017, 7(1), 65-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.02.003] [PMID: 28053890]
[5]
Dwivedi, S.; Chopra, D. Revisiting terminalia arjuna - An ancient cardiovascular drug. J. Tradit. Complement. Med., 2014, 4(4), 224-231.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2225-4110.139103] [PMID: 25379463]
[6]
Rao, B.C.S.; Singh, R.H.; Tripathi, K. Effect of Terminalia arjuna (W&A) on regression of LVH in hypertensives: A clinical study. J. Res. Ayurveda Siddha, 2001, 22(3–4), 216-227.
[7]
Bharani, A.; Ganguly, A.; Bhargava, K.D. Salutary effect of terminalia Arjuna in patients with severe refractory heart failure. Int. J. Cardiol., 1995, 49(3), 191-199.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5273(95)02320-V] [PMID: 7649665]
[8]
Tchabo, W.; Ma, Y.; Kwaw, E.; Xiao, L.; Wu, M.; Apaliya, M.T. Impact of extraction parameters and their optimization on the nutraceuticals and antioxidant properties of aqueous extract mulberry leaf. Int. J. Food Prop., 2018, 21(1), 717-732.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2018.1446025]
[9]
Braimah, M. N.; Anozie, A. N.; Odejobi, O. J. Utilization of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in the optimization of crude oil refinery process, new port-harcourt refinery, nigeria. JMEST, 2016, 3(3), 1-9.
[10]
Silva, V. Statistical Approaches With Emphasis on Design of Experiments Applied to Chemical Processes; InTech, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65616]
[11]
Myers, R.H.; Montgomery, D.C.; Vining, G.G.; Borror, C.M.; Kowalski, S.M. Response surface methodology: A retrospective and literature survey. J. Qual. Technol., 2004, 36(1), 53-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224065.2004.11980252]
[12]
Espínola, F.; Moya, M.; Fernández, D.G.; Castro, E. Modelling of virgin olive oil extraction using response surface methodology. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2011, 46(12), 2576-2583.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02786.x]
[13]
Prakash Maran, J.; Manikandan, S.; Vigna Nivetha, C.; Dinesh, R. Ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L. fruit peel using central composite face centered response surface design. Arab. J. Chem., 2017, 10, S1145-S1157.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.02.007]
[14]
Patist, A.; Bates, D. Ultrasonic innovations in the food industry: From the laboratory to commercial production. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., 2008, 9(2), 147-154.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2007.07.004]
[15]
Zhang, Q. A network pharmacology approach to investigate the anticancer mechanism and potential active ingredients of Rheum Palmatum L. against lung cancer via induction of apoptosis. Front. Pharmacol., 2020, 11, 528308.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.528308]
[16]
Agbor, G.A.; Vinson, J.A.; Donnelly, P.E. Folin-ciocalteau reagent for polyphenolic assay. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. Diet., 2014, 3(8), 147-156.
[17]
Muflihah, Y.M.; Gollavelli, G.; Ling, Y.C. Correlation study of antioxidant activity with phenolic and flavonoid compounds in 12 indonesian indigenous herbs. Antioxidants, 2021, 10(10), 1530.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101530] [PMID: 34679665]
[18]
Sharma, O.P.; Bhat, T.K. DPPH antioxidant assay revisited. Food Chem., 2009, 113(4), 1202-1205.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.008]
[19]
Berker, K.I.; Güçlü, K.; Tor, İ.; Apak, R. Comparative evaluation of Fe(III) reducing power-based antioxidant capacity assays in the presence of phenanthroline, batho-phenanthroline, tripyridyltriazine (FRAP), and ferricyanide reagents. Talanta, 2007, 72(3), 1157-1165.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.01.019] [PMID: 19071739]
[20]
Prieto, P.; Pineda, M.; Aguilar, M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: Specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Anal. Biochem., 1999, 269(2), 337-341.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1999.4019] [PMID: 10222007]
[21]
Dasgupta, N.; De, B. Antioxidant activity of some leafy vegetables of India: A comparative study. Food Chem., 2007, 101(2), 471-474.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.003]
[22]
Coudert, E.; Gehant, S.; de Castro, E.; Pozzato, M.; Baratin, D.; Neto, T.; Sigrist, C.J.A.; Redaschi, N.; Bridge, A.; Bridge, A.J.; Aimo, L.; Argoud-Puy, G.; Auchincloss, A.H.; Axelsen, K.B.; Bansal, P.; Baratin, D.; Neto, T.M.B.; Blatter, M-C.; Bolleman, J.T.; Boutet, E.; Breuza, L.; Gil, B.C.; Casals-Casas, C.; Echioukh, K.C.; Coudert, E.; Cuche, B.; de Castro, E.; Estreicher, A.; Famiglietti, M.L.; Feuermann, M.; Gasteiger, E.; Gaudet, P.; Gehant, S.; Gerritsen, V.; Gos, A.; Gruaz, N.; Hulo, C.; Hyka-Nouspikel, N.; Jungo, F.; Kerhornou, A.; Le Mercier, P.; Lieberherr, D.; Masson, P.; Morgat, A.; Muthukrishnan, V.; Paesano, S.; Pedruzzi, I.; Pilbout, S.; Pourcel, L.; Poux, S.; Pozzato, M.; Pruess, M.; Redaschi, N.; Rivoire, C.; Sigrist, C.J.A.; Sonesson, K.; Sundaram, S.; Bateman, A.; Martin, M-J.; Orchard, S.; Magrane, M.; Ahmad, S.; Alpi, E.; Bowler-Barnett, E.H.; Britto, R.; A-Jee, H.B.; Cukura, A.; Denny, P.; Dogan, T.; Ebenezer, T.G.; Fan, J.; Garmiri, P.; da Costa Gonzales, L.J.; Hatton-Ellis, E.; Hussein, A.; Ignatchenko, A.; Insana, G.; Ishtiaq, R.; Joshi, V.; Jyothi, D.; Kandasaamy, S.; Lock, A.; Luciani, A.; Lugaric, M.; Luo, J.; Lussi, Y.; MacDougall, A.; Madeira, F.; Mahmoudy, M.; Mishra, A.; Moulang, K.; Nightingale, A.; Pundir, S.; Qi, G.; Raj, S.; Raposo, P.; Rice, D.L.; Saidi, R.; Santos, R.; Speretta, E.; Stephenson, J.; Totoo, P.; Turner, E.; Tyagi, N.; Vasudev, P.; Warner, K.; Watkins, X.; Zaru, R.; Zellner, H.; Wu, C.H.; Arighi, C.N.; Arminski, L.; Chen, C.; Chen, Y.; Huang, H.; Laiho, K.; McGarvey, P.; Natale, D.A.; Ross, K.; Vinayaka, C.R.; Wang, Q.; Wang, Y. Annotation of biologically relevant ligands in UniProtKB using ChEBI. Bioinformatics, 2023, 39(1), btac793.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac793] [PMID: 36484697]
[23]
Gilson, M.K.; Liu, T.; Baitaluk, M.; Nicola, G.; Hwang, L.; Chong, J. BindingDB in 2015: A public database for medicinal chemistry, computational chemistry and systems pharmacology. Nucleic Acids Res., 2016, 44(D1), D1045-D1053.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1072] [PMID: 26481362]
[24]
Piñero, J.; Ramírez-Anguita, J.M.; Saüch-Pitarch, J.; Ronzano, F.; Centeno, E.; Sanz, F.; Furlong, L.I. The DisGeNET knowledge platform for disease genomics: 2019 update. Nucleic Acids Res., 2019, 48(D1), gkz1021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1021] [PMID: 31680165]
[25]
García-Aranda, M.; Redondo, M. Targeting receptor kinases in colorectal cancer. Cancers, 2019, 11(4), 433.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11040433] [PMID: 30934752]
[26]
Biovia, D.S. Discovery studio modeling environment; Release, 2017.
[27]
Pettersen, E.F.; Goddard, T.D.; Huang, C.C.; Couch, G.S.; Greenblatt, D.M.; Meng, E.C.; Ferrin, T.E. UCSF Chimera?A visualization system for exploratory research and analysis. J. Comput. Chem., 2004, 25(13), 1605-1612.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20084] [PMID: 15264254]
[28]
Daina, A.; Michielin, O.; Zoete, V. SwissADME: A free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 42717.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep42717] [PMID: 28256516]
[29]
Dallakyan, S.; Olson, A.J. Small-molecule library screening by docking with PyRx. In: Methods Mol. Biol; , 2015; 1263, pp. 243-250.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2269-7_19]
[30]
Cournia, Z.; Allen, B.; Sherman, W. Relative binding free energy calculations in drug discovery: Recent advances and practical considerations. J. Chem. Inf. Model., 2017, 57(12), 2911-2937.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00564] [PMID: 29243483]
[31]
Elksibi, I.; Haddar, W.; Ben Ticha, M.; gharbi, R.; Mhenni, M.F. Development and optimisation of a non conventional extraction process of natural dye from olive solid waste using response surface methodology (RSM). Food Chem., 2014, 161, 345-352.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.108] [PMID: 24837961]
[32]
Al-Farsi, M.A.; Lee, C.Y. Optimization of phenolics and dietary fibre extraction from date seeds. Food Chem., 2008, 108(3), 977-985.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.009] [PMID: 26065761]
[33]
Naczk, M.; Shahidi, F. Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, 1054(1-2), 95-111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(04)01409-8] [PMID: 15553136]
[34]
Kuljarachanan, T.; Devahastin, S.; Chiewchan, N. Evolution of antioxidant compounds in lime residues during drying. Food Chem., 2009, 113(4), 944-949.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.026]
[35]
Tomšik, A.; Pavlić, B.; Vladić, J.; Ramić, M.; Brindza, J.; Vidović, S. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.). Ultrason. Sonochem., 2016, 29, 502-511.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.11.005] [PMID: 26563916]
[36]
Yang, B.; Zhang, M.; Weng, H.; Xu, Y.; Zeng, L. Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of kinsenoside compound from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl by response surface methodology (RSM). Molecules, 2020, 25(1), 193.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010193] [PMID: 31906599]
[37]
Mohammadpour, H.; Sadrameli, S.M.; Eslami, F.; Asoodeh, A. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of moringa peregrina oil with response surface methodology and comparison with soxhlet method. Ind. Crops Prod., 2019, 131, 106-116.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.01.030]
[38]
Zhu, Y.; Yu, J.; Jiao, C.; Tong, J.; Zhang, L.; Chang, Y.; Sun, W.; Jin, Q.; Cai, Y. Optimization of quercetin extraction method in Dendrobium officinale by response surface methodology. Heliyon, 2019, 5(9), e02374.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02374] [PMID: 31517114]
[39]
Oomens, J.; Steill, J.D. Free carboxylate stretching modes. J. Phys. Chem. A, 2008, 112(15), 3281-3283.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp801806e] [PMID: 18363393]
[40]
Chaudhary, S.P.; Mishra, A.; Singh, A.K.; Dwivedi, K.N.; Ram, B. A FT-IR spectroscopic study of phytoconstituents of prepared formulation of arjuna (terminalia arjuna lin.) and shilajatu. Int. J. Sci. Res., 2015, 5, 12.
[41]
Ramesh, P.; Palaniappan, A. Terminalia arjuna, a cardioprotective herbal medicine–relevancy in the modern era of pharmaceuticals and green nanomedicine-A review. Pharmaceuticals, 2023, 16(1), 126.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16010126] [PMID: 36678623]
[42]
Uthirapathy, S.; Ahamad, J. Phytochemical analysis of different fractions of terminalia arjuna bark by GC-MS. Int. Res. J. Pharma., 2019, 10(1), 10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.10018]
[43]
Gupta, D.; Kumar, M. Evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial potential and GC–MS analysis of camellia sinensis and terminalia arjuna. Biotechnol. Rep., 2017, 13, 19-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2016.11.002] [PMID: 28352558]
[44]
Sadhanandham, S. GC-MS analysis and antioxidant studies of an ayurvedic drug, partharishtam. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 2015, 34(2), 273-281.
[45]
Epa, U.S. User’s guide for TEST (version 5.1)(toxicity estimation software tool): A program to estimate toxicity from molecular structure. 2020. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-05/documents/600r16058.pdf
[46]
Schyman, P.; Liu, R.; Desai, V.; Wallqvist, A. vNN web server for ADMET predictions. Front. Pharmacol., 2017, 8, 889.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00889]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version303msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[05:07:55] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[05:07:55] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[05:07:55] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[05:07:55] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (133ms)time
  • Application (170ms)time
  • 1 x Application (56.19%)
    170ms
    1 x Booting (43.81%)
    133ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated84.25ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59833132','',1,1740460075,1740460075) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740460075
      1.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59833132','/article/135283',1,1740460075,1740460075)
      160μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59833132 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59833132) limit 1
      11.17msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 59833132
      • 1: 59833132
      • 2: 59833132
      • 3: 59833132
      • 4: 59833132
      • 5: 59833132
      • 6: 59833132
      • 7: 59833132
      • 8: 59833132
      • 9: 59833132
      • 10: 59833132
      • 11: 59833132
      • 12: 59833132
      • 13: 59833132
      • 14: 59833132
      • 15: 59833132
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=135283
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 5 limit 1
      750μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 5
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=5) and sj.journal_id!=5 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      690μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=5) and sj.journal_id!=5 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      580μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=5) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.81msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=5) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.56msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '135283'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 135283
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '135283'
      2.91msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 135283
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '135283' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.95msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 135283
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      420μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 5 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      23.94msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 5 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      7.58msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 5 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      4.3msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 135283 limit 1
      170μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 135283
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 135283 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 222284 limit 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 222284
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CCADD' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CCADD
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '135283' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      380μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '13032' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '3441' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59833132 and j.to_ip >=59833132 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460075 and j.to_date >= 1740460075 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3441) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59833132 and j.to_ip >=59833132 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460075 and j.to_date >= 1740460075 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3441) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59833132 and j.to_ip >=59833132 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460075 and j.to_date >= 1740460075 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3441)
      14.15msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59833132 and j.to_ip >=59833132 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460075 and j.to_date >= 1740460075 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 13032) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59833132 and j.to_ip >=59833132 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460075 and j.to_date >= 1740460075 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 13032) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59833132 and j.to_ip >=59833132 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460075 and j.to_date >= 1740460075 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 13032)
      630μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59833132 and j.to_ip >=59833132 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460075 and j.to_date >= 1740460075 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 135283) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59833132 and j.to_ip >=59833132 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460075 and j.to_date >= 1740460075 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 135283) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59833132 and j.to_ip >=59833132 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460075 and j.to_date >= 1740460075 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 135283)
      620μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '653' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 13032 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 653
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '665' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 13032 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      530μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 665
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 135283 limit 1
      2.45msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 135283
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 5 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740460075 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740460075 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.18msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 5
      • 3: 1740460075
      • 4: 1740460075
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 5 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740460075 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740460075 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.16msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 5
      • 3: 1740460075
      • 4: 1740460075
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='e71fa3caa8a49204d133fed1a24cb99b'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        I33dSMTGz1arCnIBtoDy8rY00bEFaWBEyZoR95Qt
        uc_cart_id
        e71fa3caa8a49204d133fed1a24cb99b
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/135283" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/135283
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImhucnUrZnMxQUtKc0s1WWhTRVBFNUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnNPS1NEL1NlSnR4UHN2aGlxbTJ5OURUbTMzdXlFWmc2OTRrZVgzM3BJVT0iLCJtYWMiOiJiZDE0MTYxZTlhMmQ2MDRjMTVhY2I4MGViZWJhMDJkNGY3ZGJlMzM0ZjhhZTViODQwZWZhZGE1MDFhYTMwYTIwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImhucnUrZnMxQUtKc0s1WWhTRVBFNUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnNPS1NEL1NlSnR4UHN2aGlxbTJ5OURUbTMzdXlFWmc2OTRrZVgzM3BJVT0iLCJtYWMiOiJiZDE0MTYxZTlhMmQ2" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 05:07:55 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRmV1d3UTRHTWRMa1FQZVBSbVh6Y3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicjdoMFRyaXRzNWxMRW5QUlNTTXcxZEhYSnliVlhtQ256MnhCNEJiN1ArYnhLRHh1Z0ZscHhPdGI5Y0V6RjQ3NWlzRnRiTGxCajBlNjQ2OFBDUGF1VmYyejVrSThPMlRPeS9IM0xENXZsWEE2Mm95akt2LzlQY25pRU1EUnZUZEciLCJtYWMiOiJjOTVlMTVjNGE2NGJkZmYxMDM0MGJkMjA5MWZiN2NmOWYwNDlhZjZlYjFmOTk3ZjkyMTk3Y2Y0MTI4ZTI3MzRiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 17:07:55 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRmV1d3UTRHTWRMa1FQZVBSbVh6Y3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicjdoMFRyaXRzNWxMRW5QUlNTTXcxZEhYSnliVlhtQ256MnhCNEJiN1ArYnhLRHh1Z0ZscHhPdGI5Y0V6RjQ3NWlzRnRiT" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkNveGtXUEdTT0E0SUdVZytmMmxmbkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieGFaZWZMNk14Sm5CeTlSZVEyUlFsdTBDNHIzbURCZm1RSUN2REQrV2RKY1VmbWtDVk9oNy9Qa0FJYlM3eG9GcU5pSDM3YnB0VVJQdGhZRmFvaE52NnYwVjlMY0JQcUIrSlBpdFYrdnpKVTZJWGZoSzY2WGJsNWZxZXRObE94S2kiLCJtYWMiOiIzNmU3MzY3ZThlZWY0MjI4MTQ4M2E5N2IzZmE2MDgyZmQ1MjZkNTEzMDM5YjYwOTA2MGUzZjExMDFlMjAzNzQ1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkNveGtXUEdTT0E0SUdVZytmMmxmbkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieGFaZWZMNk14Sm5CeTlSZVEyUlFsdTBDNHIzbURCZm1RSUN2REQrV2RKY1VmbWtDVk9oNy9Qa0F" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRmV1d3UTRHTWRMa1FQZVBSbVh6Y3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicjdoMFRyaXRzNWxMRW5QUlNTTXcxZEhYSnliVlhtQ256MnhCNEJiN1ArYnhLRHh1Z0ZscHhPdGI5Y0V6RjQ3NWlzRnRiTGxCajBlNjQ2OFBDUGF1VmYyejVrSThPMlRPeS9IM0xENXZsWEE2Mm95akt2LzlQY25pRU1EUnZUZEciLCJtYWMiOiJjOTVlMTVjNGE2NGJkZmYxMDM0MGJkMjA5MWZiN2NmOWYwNDlhZjZlYjFmOTk3ZjkyMTk3Y2Y0MTI4ZTI3MzRiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 17:07:55 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRmV1d3UTRHTWRMa1FQZVBSbVh6Y3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicjdoMFRyaXRzNWxMRW5QUlNTTXcxZEhYSnliVlhtQ256MnhCNEJiN1ArYnhLRHh1Z0ZscHhPdGI5Y0V6RjQ3NWlzRnRiT" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkNveGtXUEdTT0E0SUdVZytmMmxmbkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieGFaZWZMNk14Sm5CeTlSZVEyUlFsdTBDNHIzbURCZm1RSUN2REQrV2RKY1VmbWtDVk9oNy9Qa0FJYlM3eG9GcU5pSDM3YnB0VVJQdGhZRmFvaE52NnYwVjlMY0JQcUIrSlBpdFYrdnpKVTZJWGZoSzY2WGJsNWZxZXRObE94S2kiLCJtYWMiOiIzNmU3MzY3ZThlZWY0MjI4MTQ4M2E5N2IzZmE2MDgyZmQ1MjZkNTEzMDM5YjYwOTA2MGUzZjExMDFlMjAzNzQ1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkNveGtXUEdTT0E0SUdVZytmMmxmbkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieGFaZWZMNk14Sm5CeTlSZVEyUlFsdTBDNHIzbURCZm1RSUN2REQrV2RKY1VmbWtDVk9oNy9Qa0F" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "I33dSMTGz1arCnIBtoDy8rY00bEFaWBEyZoR95Qt" "uc_cart_id" => "e71fa3caa8a49204d133fed1a24cb99b" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/135283" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 05:07:55GET/article/135283414361