[1]
Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: Executive summary. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73(24): 3168-209.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.002] [PMID: 30423391]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.002] [PMID: 30423391]
[2]
Meune C, Touzé E, Trinquart L, Allanore Y. High risk of clinical cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis: Levels of associations of myocardial infarction and stroke through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 103(4): 253-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2010.03.007] [PMID: 20656636]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2010.03.007] [PMID: 20656636]
[3]
Restivo V, Candiloro S, Daidone M, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular risk in rheumatological disease: Symptomatic and non-symptomatic events in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21(1): 102925.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102925] [PMID: 34454117]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102925] [PMID: 34454117]
[4]
Ridker PM. From C-reactive protein to interleukin-6 to interleukin-1. Circ Res 2016; 118(1): 145-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306656] [PMID: 26837745]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306656] [PMID: 26837745]
[5]
Gabay C, Burmester GR, Strand V, et al. Sarilumab and adalimumab differential effects on bone remodelling and cardiovascular risk biomarkers, and predictions of treatment outcomes. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22(1): 70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-020-02163-6] [PMID: 32264972]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-020-02163-6] [PMID: 32264972]
[6]
McInnes IB, Thompson L, Giles JT, et al. Effect of interleukin-6 receptor blockade on surrogates of vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: MEASURE, a randomised, placebo-controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74(4): 694-702.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204345] [PMID: 24368514]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204345] [PMID: 24368514]
[7]
Ridker PM, Devalaraja M, Baeres FMM, et al. IL-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab in patients at high atherosclerotic risk (RESCUE): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2021; 397(10289): 2060-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00520-1] [PMID: 34015342]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00520-1] [PMID: 34015342]
[8]
Müller N, Schulte DM, Türk K, et al. IL-6 blockade by monoclonal antibodies inhibits apolipoprotein (a) expression and lipoprotein (a) synthesis in humans. J Lipid Res 2015; 56(5): 1034-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.P052209] [PMID: 25713100]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.P052209] [PMID: 25713100]
[9]
Kerola AM, Rollefstad S, Semb AG. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis: Impact of inflammation and antirheumatic treatment. Eur Cardiol 2021; 16: e18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2020.44] [PMID: 34040652]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2020.44] [PMID: 34040652]
[10]
Pierini FS, Botta E, Soriano ER, et al. Effect of tocilizumab on LDL and HDL Characteristics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. an observational study. Rheumatol Ther 2021; 8(2): 803-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40744-021-00304-0] [PMID: 33811316]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40744-021-00304-0] [PMID: 33811316]
[11]
Lee JS, Chapman MJ, Piraino P, et al. Remodeling of plasma lipoproteins in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Interleukin-6 receptor-alpha inhibition with tocilizumab. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10(2): 183-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prca.201500036] [PMID: 26201085]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prca.201500036] [PMID: 26201085]
[12]
Virone A, Bastard JP, Fellahi S, et al. Comparative effect of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors versus other biological agents on cardiovascular risk-associated biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2019; 5(2): e000897.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000897] [PMID: 31413865]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000897] [PMID: 31413865]
[13]
Kleveland O, Kunszt G, Bratlie M, et al. Effect of a single dose of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab on inflammation and troponin T release in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Eur Heart J 2016; 37(30): 2406-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw171] [PMID: 27161611]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw171] [PMID: 27161611]
[14]
Ueland T, Kleveland O, Michelsen AE, et al. Serum lipoprotein(a) is not modified by interleukin-6 receptor antagonism or associated with inflammation in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2019; 274: 348-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.06.093] [PMID: 29961573]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.06.093] [PMID: 29961573]
[15]
Li Z, Lin C, Cai X, et al. Anti-inflammatory therapies were associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction in patients with established cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risks: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials 2023; 379(117181)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.06.972]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.06.972]
[16]
Adamstein NH, Cornel JH, Davidson M, et al. Association of interleukin 6 inhibition with ziltivekimab and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. JAMA Cardiol 2023; 8(2): 177-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2022.4277] [PMID: 36449307]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2022.4277] [PMID: 36449307]
[17]
Huse C, Anstensrud AK, Michelsen AE, et al. Interleukin-6 inhibition in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Immune cell profile in the randomised ASSAIL-MI trial. EBioMedicine 2022; 80: 104013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104013] [PMID: 35504178]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104013] [PMID: 35504178]
[18]
Adamstein NH, MacFadyen JG, Rose LM, et al. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and incident atherosclerotic events: Analyses from five contemporary randomized trials. Eur Heart J 2021; 42(9): 896-903.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1034] [PMID: 33417682]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1034] [PMID: 33417682]
[19]
Di Fusco SA, Maggioni AP, Scicchitano P, Zuin M, D’Elia E, Colivicchi F. Lipoprotein (a), inflammation, and atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2023; 12(7): 2529.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072529] [PMID: 37048611]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072529] [PMID: 37048611]
[20]
Horváth L, Császár A, Falus A, et al. IL-6 and lipoprotein (a) [lp(a)] concentrations are related only in patients with high apo(a) isoforms in monoclonal gammopathy. Cytokine 2002; 18(6): 340-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cyto.2002.1044] [PMID: 12160523]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cyto.2002.1044] [PMID: 12160523]
[21]
Moriarty PM, Gorby LK, Stroes ES, Kastelein JP, Davidson M, Tsimikas S. Lipoprotein(a) and its potential association with thrombosis and inflammation in COVID-19: A testable hypothesis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22(9): 48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11883-020-00867-3] [PMID: 32710255]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11883-020-00867-3] [PMID: 32710255]
[22]
Reyes-Soffer G, Westerterp M. Beyond lipoprotein(a) plasma measurements: Lipoprotein(a) and inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169: 105689.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105689] [PMID: 34033878]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105689] [PMID: 34033878]