Identification of the Near Full-length Genome of a Novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC Recombinant with a Complex Genomic Structure Isolated in Hebei Province, China

Weiguang      Fan; Jianru      Jia; Haoxi      Shi; Miaomiao      Su; Juan      Meng; Weina      An

doi:10.2174/1570162X21666230828122711

Abstract

Background: During HIV genotypic drug resistance testing of patient samples in Baoding, Hebei Province, China, in 2022, a recombinant fragment was detected in the pol region of an HIV-1 strain.

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the near full-length genome of a novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant with a complex genomic structure.

Methods: Viral RNA was extracted from the blood of the infected individual and reverse transcribed to cDNA. Two overlapping segments of the HIV-1 genome were amplified using a nearendpoint dilution method and sequenced. Recombinant breakpoints were determined using RIP, jpHMM, and SimPlot 3.5.1 software. MEGA 6.0 software was used to construct a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree.

Results: We obtained the near full-length genome sequence (8680 bp) of a novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant. Recombination analysis showed that the genome comprised at least 12 overlapping segments, including six CRF07_BC and six CRF01_AE segments, with CRF07_BC as the backbone. The emergence of CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant strains indicated that HIV-1 co-infection is common. However, the increasing genetic complexity of the HIV-1 epidemic in China warrants continued investigation.

Conclusion: The increase in CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant viruses suggests that HIV-1 has a high genetic mutation rate in Hebei, China. This highlights the need for close monitoring of HIV-1 molecular epidemiologic changes to provide accurate, up-to-date information for effective disease control.

« Previous Next »

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Yebra G, Frampton D, Gallo Cassarino T, et al. A high HIV-1 strain variability in London, UK, revealed by full-genome analysis: Results from the ICONIC project. PLoS One  2018; 13(2): e0192081.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192081] [PMID: 29389981]

[2]
Li X, Li W, Zhong P, et al. Nationwide trends in molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2016; 32(9): 851-9.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2016.0029] [PMID: 27080587]

[3]
He X, Xing H, Ruan Y, et al. A comprehensive mapping of HIV-1 genotypes in various risk groups and regions across China based on a nationwide molecular epidemiologic survey. PLoS One  2012; 7(10): e47289.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047289] [PMID: 23056619]

[4]
Yin Y, Liu Y, Zhu J, et al. The prevalence, temporal trends, and geographical distribution of HIV-1 subtypes among men who have sex with men in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect  2019; 147: e83.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268818003400] [PMID: 30869019]

[5]
Lu X, Kang X, Liu Y, et al. HIV-1 molecular epidemiology among newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Hebei, a low HIV prevalence province in China. PLoS One  2017; 12(2): e0171481.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171481] [PMID: 28178737]

[6]
Wang TX. A summary of HIV/AIDS epidemic situation across the country in 2020.  2020. Available from: https://xw.qq.com/amphtml/(Accessed December 7, 2020)

[7]
Lu X, Zhang J, Wang Y, et al. Large transmission clusters of HIV-1 main genotypes among HIV-1 individuals before antiretroviral therapy in the hebei province, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2020; 36(5): 427-33.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2019.0199] [PMID: 31595767]

[8]
Xing Y, Wang L, Li Y, et al. Identification of a new HIV-1 intersubtype circulating recombinant form (CRF123_0107) in Hebei province, China. J Infect  2022; 84(3): e36-9.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2022.01.017] [PMID: 35041920]

[9]
Xing Y, Guo Y, Wang L, et al. Identification of two novel HIV-1 Second-generation recombinant forms (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) in Hebei, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2021; 37(12): 967-72.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2021.0057] [PMID: 33926207]

[10]
Han L, Li H, Wang L, et al. Near full-length genomic characterization of two novel HIV-1 unique recombinant forms (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) among men who have sex with men in Shijiazhuang City, hebei province, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2021; 37(12): 978-84.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2021.0100] [PMID: 34465138]

[11]
Yang X, Zhu H, An W, et al. Genetic characterization of a novel HIV 1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant form found among men who have sex with men in Baoding City, Hebei Province, China. Arch Virol  2022; 167(11): 2395-402.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05563-y] [PMID: 35945380]

[12]
Fan W, Liu Y, Li Y, et al. Identification of three novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinant forms (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) among men who have sex with men in baoding, Hebei, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2022; 38(10): 812-6.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2022.0037] [PMID: 35815458]

[13]
Ge Z, Feng Y, Zhang H, et al. HIV-1 CRF07_BC transmission dynamics in China: Two decades of national molecular surveillance. Emerg Microbes Infect  2021; 10(1): 1919-30.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1978822] [PMID: 34498547]

[14]
Magiorkinis G, Paraskevis D, Vandamme AM, Magiorkinis E, Sypsa V, Hatzakis A. In vivo characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 intersubtype recombination: Determination of hot spots and correlation with sequence similarity. J Gen Virol  2003; 84(10): 2715-22.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19180-0] [PMID: 13679605]

[15]
Fan J, Negroni M, Robertson DL. The distribution of HIV-1 recombination breakpoints. Infect Genet Evol  2007; 7(6): 717-23.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2007.07.012] [PMID: 17851137]

[16]
Zhou Z, Ma P, Feng Y, et al. Characterization of a New HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant virus in Tianjin, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2018; 34(8): 705-8.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2018.0077] [PMID: 29724117]

[17]
Jiao Y, Wang Y, Kong D, et al. Characterization of a new HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant virus form among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2018; 34(6): 550-4.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2018.0049] [PMID: 29589485]

[18]
He S, Gao Y, An M, et al. Characterization of a novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant strain among men who have sex with men in liaoning, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2021; 37(1): 70-4.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2020.0223] [PMID: 32972216]

[19]
Li F, Li Y, Feng Y, et al. Four closely related HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant forms identified in East China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2017; 33(7): 740-4.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2017.0049] [PMID: 28298138]

[20]
Zhu B, Zhao J, Wang X, et al. Characterization of three novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinants (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) identified in Shenzhen, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2022; 38(3): 242-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2021.0211] [PMID: 35044246]

[21]
Huang XH, Yu G, Zheng C, et al. Genomic characterization of a new CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC case from a MSM patient in Guangdong, China. J Med Virol  2021; 93(11): 6383-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26799] [PMID: 33448453]

[22]
Cheng SW, Chen YP, Qi F, et al. Genetic characterization of a novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinant form (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) identified in yan’an City, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2021; 37(12): 973-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2021.0058] [PMID: 33757290]

[23]
Wu L, Huang L, Zhang W, Liu J, Kong Y. Characterization of a novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant virus form in Guizhou, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2019; 35(7): 664-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2019.0010] [PMID: 30793918]

[24]
Liang B, Yang Y, Zhang F, et al. Characterization of a novel HIV-1 recombinant form (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC/CRF08_BC) identified from Guangxi, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2020; 36(2): 143-52.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2019.0185] [PMID: 31482724]

[25]
Yao T, Wu J, Zhang Y, et al. Near full-length genomic characterization of a novel unique recombinant (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) in fuyang city of China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2020; 36(6): 527-32.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2020.0002] [PMID: 32079407]

[26]
Yueqi Y, Ying Z, Jing L, et al. The identification of a novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinant form (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) among men who have sex with men in Jiangsu, China. Curr HIV Res  2021; 19(2): 188-94.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162X18666201026143200] [PMID: 33106145]

[27]
Ma P, Ge Z, Feng Y, et al. Near full-length genome sequence of a novel hiv-1 second-generation recombinant form (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) detected among men who have sex with men in Tianjin, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2019; 35(2): 205-12.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2018.0177] [PMID: 30229668]

[28]
Fan Q, Liu J, Chai C, et al. Identification and genomic characterization of a novel HIV-1 unique recombinant form (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) in Zhejiang Province, China. Virus Genes  2023; 59(1): 142-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11262-022-01945-1] [PMID: 36301459]

[29]
Ge Z, Liu D, Lv B, et al. Genomic characterization of a novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/07_BC recombinant virus from a married man who has sex with men in Tianjin, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2019; 35(8): 780-4.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2019.0093] [PMID: 31187637]

[30]
Hao M, Wang J, He S, et al. Identification of a novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinant form (CRF01_AE/07_BC) in men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2019; 35(5): 500-4.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2018.0228] [PMID: 30489146]

[31]
Gao Y, He S, Tian W, et al. First complete-genome documentation of HIV-1 intersubtype superinfection with transmissions of diverse recombinants over time to five recipients. PLoS Pathog  2021; 17(2): e1009258.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009258] [PMID: 33577588]

[32]
Bbosa N, Kaleebu P, Ssemwanga D. HIV subtype diversity worldwide. Curr Opin HIV AIDS  2019; 14(3): 153-60.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000534] [PMID: 30882484]

[33]
Cheng H, Zhang J, Capizzi J, Young NL, Mastro TD. HIV-1 subtype E in Yunnan, China. Lancet  1994; 344(8927): 953-4.

[34]
Su Y, Liu H, Wu J, Zhu L, Wang N. Distribution of HIV-1 genotypes in China: A systematic review. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi  2014; 35(10): 1164-8.
 [PMID: 25567027]

[35]
Feng Y, He X, Hsi JH, et al. The rapidly expanding CRF01_AE epidemic in China is driven by multiple lineages of HIV-1 viruses introduced in the 1990s. AIDS  2013; 27(11): 1793-802.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e328360db2d] [PMID: 23807275]

[36]
Li X, Liu H, Liu L, et al. Tracing the epidemic history of HIV-1 CRF01_AE clusters using near-complete genome sequences. Sci Rep  2017; 7(1): 4024.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03820-8] [PMID: 28642469]

[37]
Meng Z, Xin R, Zhong P, et al. A new migration map of HIV-1 CRF07_BC in China: Analysis of sequences from 12 provinces over a decade. PLoS One  2012; 7(12): e52373.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052373] [PMID: 23300654]

[38]
Cheng Z, Yan H, Li Q, et al. Enhanced transmissibility and decreased virulence of HIV-1 CRF07_BC may explain its rapid expansion in China. Microbiol Spectr  2022; 10(4): e00146-22.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.00146-22] [PMID: 35727067]

[39]
Tee KK, Pybus OG, Li XJ, et al. Temporal and spatial dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 circulating recombinant forms 08_BC and 07_BC in Asia. J Virol  2008; 82(18): 9206-15.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00399-08] [PMID: 18596096]

[40]
Du L, Wang L, Yu T, Xin R, Meng Z. Analysis of Vpr genetic variations between chinese major circulating recombinants CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC. Curr HIV Res  2020; 18(3): 165-71.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162X18666200225113857] [PMID: 32096745]

[41]
Li Y, Feng Y, Li F, et al. Genome sequence of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant Form (CRF79_0107) identified from Shanxi, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2017; 33(10): 1056-60.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2017.0066] [PMID: 28557610]

[42]
Wang X, Zhao J, Li X, et al. Identification of a novel HIV-1 second-generation circulating recombinant form CRF109_0107 in China. J Infect  2020; 81(5): 816-46.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.007] [PMID: 32946916]

[43]
Zhang Y, Pei Z, Li H, et al. Characterization of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF80_0107) among men who have sex with men in China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses  2019; 35(4): 419-23.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2018.0226] [PMID: 30259751]

[44]
Li X, Wu J, Zhang Y, et al. Characterization of a novel HIV-1 second-generation circulating recombinant form (CRF102_0107) among men who have sex with men in Anhui, China. J Infect  2019; 79(6): 612-25.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2019.09.022] [PMID: 31622633]

[45]
Xiao M, Feng Y, Gao L, et al. Characterization of a newly emerging HIV-1 second-generation recombinant form (CRF125_0107) among heterosexuals in yunnan, China. J Infect  2022; 84(6): e112-5.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2022.03.018] [PMID: 35341830]

[46]
Nora T, Charpentier C, Tenaillon O, Hoede C, Clavel F, Hance AJ. Contribution of recombination to the evolution of human immunodeficiency viruses expressing resistance to antiretroviral treatment. J Virol  2007; 81(14): 7620-8.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00083-07] [PMID: 17494080]

[47]
Moutouh L, Corbeil J, Richman DD. Recombination leads to the rapid emergence of HIV-1 dually resistant mutants under selective drug pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci  1996; 93(12): 6106-11.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.12.6106] [PMID: 8650227]

[48]
Ritchie AJ, Cai F, Smith NMG, et al. Recombination-mediated escape from primary CD8+ T cells in acute HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology  2014; 11(1): 69.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12977-014-0069-9] [PMID: 25212771]

[49]
Streeck H, Li B, Poon AFY, et al. Immune-driven recombination and loss of control after HIV superinfection. J Exp Med  2008; 205(8): 1789-96.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20080281] [PMID: 18625749]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite

Journal Information

For Authors

For Editors

For Reviewers

Explore Articles

Open Access

Open Access Articles

For Visitors

DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162X21666230828122711	Print ISSN 1570-162X
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1873-4251

Current HIV Research

Identification of the Near Full-length Genome of a Novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC Recombinant with a Complex Genomic Structure Isolated in Hebei Province, China

Abstract Play Pause

Graphical Abstract

Related Journals

Related Books

Abstract