Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a major component of cancer stroma contribute to diverse procedures of most solid tumors and might be a targeted cancer therapy approach. Their specified features, related signaling pathways, distinct biomarkers, and sub-populations need to be deciphered. There is a need for CAF extraction or induction for in vitro investigations. Some miRNAs could activate CAF-like phenotype and they also interfere in CAF-mediated drug resistance, aggressiveness, and metastatic behaviors of several cancer cell types. Due to the complex relevance of miRNA and CAFs, these non-coding oligonucleotides may serve as attractive scope for anti-cancer targeted therapies, but the lack of an efficient delivery system is still a major hurdle. Here, we have summarized the investigated information on CAF features, isolation, and induction procedures, and highlighted the miRNA-CAF communications, providing special insight into nano-delivery systems.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2016.73] [PMID: 27550820]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.21320] [PMID: 17407156]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2008.271] [PMID: 18836471]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-4226] [PMID: 33622705]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2017-0585] [PMID: 29848096]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41573-018-0004-1] [PMID: 30470818]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc3319] [PMID: 22810810]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2019.00060] [PMID: 31106200]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12307-014-0163-5] [PMID: 25512049]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092053]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198612253152606] [PMID: 3537791]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13045-019-0770-1] [PMID: 31462327]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-0436.2005.00050.x] [PMID: 16351691]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-019-0705-1] [PMID: 31992854]
[PMID: 22064505]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000486] [PMID: 28968269]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CS20180845] [PMID: 31036756]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2017.116]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.9.3.10591]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05220-6] [PMID: 30042390]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.5056] [PMID: 26375444]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-020-01611-0] [PMID: 32546182]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41568-019-0238-1] [PMID: 31980749]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201404346] [PMID: 25834145]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.021] [PMID: 24856585]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.005] [PMID: 24856586]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-019-0509-3] [PMID: 31289350]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14134-w] [PMID: 31964880]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mp200421k] [PMID: 22067046]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.3.999] [PMID: 8430113]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151446] [PMID: 31604589]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.009] [PMID: 29395328]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep46662] [PMID: 28429795]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2018.01.011] [PMID: 29455927]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-5462-2] [PMID: 30922247]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020328] [PMID: 33562504]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.652322] [PMID: 34277601]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12964-021-00711-4] [PMID: 33637118]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.006] [PMID: 33639203]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.11.024] [PMID: 31955007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13020274] [PMID: 33670464]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12307-019-00223-3] [PMID: 31025289]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.768] [PMID: 24335925]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15419061.2018.1464000] [PMID: 29734861]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29464] [PMID: 25648219]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep02038]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.015] [PMID: 30590056]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218153] [PMID: 33142759]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2015.1053666] [PMID: 26125467]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4411] [PMID: 26573744]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0189] [PMID: 31621504]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13205118] [PMID: 34680267]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.004] [PMID: 28483691]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.072] [PMID: 27916739]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.055] [PMID: 29864516]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intbio/zyaa014] [PMID: 32638026]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2012.08.005] [PMID: 22964023]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41388-020-1162-2] [PMID: 31988451]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.044] [PMID: 30851420]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41417-020-00244-x] [PMID: 33154575]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-00988-x] [PMID: 33213510]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.18990] [PMID: 29109792]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.23082] [PMID: 29383119]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.202803] [PMID: 33819917]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.021] [PMID: 33775710]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.100987] [PMID: 27385366]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgy032] [PMID: 29506142]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110635] [PMID: 36813147]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.012] [PMID: 27693460]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054272] [PMID: 36901700]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043617]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0206] [PMID: 23171795]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cas.15726] [PMID: 36644823]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517747]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112113] [PMID: 32473223]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41417-020-00238-9] [PMID: 33235271]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133160]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27128-3] [PMID: 29892003]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.12584] [PMID: 25963903]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2016.224] [PMID: 27468688]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.27850] [PMID: 30335891]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9092143] [PMID: 32972039]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2019.1599680] [PMID: 31044053]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cas.12747] [PMID: 26195069]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02583-0] [PMID: 29335551]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12943-022-01703-9] [PMID: 36624516]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12943-020-01168-8] [PMID: 32106859]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27552] [PMID: 30378104]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2129] [PMID: 28202520]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.103556]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7MB00362E] [PMID: 28861582]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.28568] [PMID: 31001849]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.009] [PMID: 34139285]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2020.11.003] [PMID: 33738143]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cas.13965] [PMID: 30729639]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.09.017] [PMID: 27720213]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03317-9] [PMID: 31637450]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120459] [PMID: 35248524]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13905] [PMID: 25409146]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28030183] [PMID: 34073974]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0NR04465B] [PMID: 33231238]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186837] [PMID: 32957712]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27326] [PMID: 30362503]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.007] [PMID: 31622695]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.868] [PMID: 23548312]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41388-019-0832-4] [PMID: 31147602]