Generic placeholder image

Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1574-8871
ISSN (Online): 1876-1038

Clinical Trial

Effect of Scapula Focused Interventions on Pain and Disability in Neck Pain with Mobility Deficits- Protocol for a Single Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

Author(s): Nithin Prakash, Joshua Cleland and Karvannan Harikesavan*

Volume 18, Issue 4, 2023

Published on: 16 August, 2023

Page: [282 - 287] Pages: 6

DOI: 10.2174/1574887118666230519155631

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Neck pain with mobility deficits is a common non-specific disorder often observed in younger individuals. The abnormal position of the scapula has also been identified as a risk factor in individuals with neck pain and mobility deficits. Though literature exists regarding the effects of scapular strengthening exercises, there is a lack of studies that have examined the effects of scapular strengthening exercises in individuals with neck pain and mobility deficits. This randomized controlled trial aims to examine the effects of scapula-focused exercises on pain and disability in individuals with neck pain and mobility deficits.

Methods: A single-blind (assessor-blinded) randomized controlled trial will be performed. One hundred and eight participants will be recruited and randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group will receive scapula-focused exercises, and the control group will receive neckspecific exercises. Both groups will receive supervised sessions 3 days per week for 6 weeks and unsupervised sessions for the remaining weeks. Disability, pain, range of motion, pain pressure threshold, muscle strength, EMG activity, and sensory-motor functions will be assessed at the baseline, the 6th week, and the 12th week.

Results: This study aims to provide the effectiveness of scapular-focused exercises and its effect on neck pain with mobility deficits.

Conclusion: Analyzing the results can provide insight into how effective scapular-focused exercises are when compared to neck exercises.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Ye S, Jing Q, Wei C, Lu J. Risk factors of non-specific neck pain and low back pain in computer-using office workers in China: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7(4): e014914.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014914] [PMID: 28404613]
[2]
Blanpied PR, Gross AR, Elliott JM, Devaney LLEE, Ferland A, Kaplan DPTS, et al. Neck Pain: Revision. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47(7): A1-A83.
[3]
Cutilli T, Scarsella S, Di Fabio D, et al. Cervical injury related to mandibular fractures. A retrospective study of 315 cases. Cranio 2019; 37(3): 188-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2017.1398921] [PMID: 29115190]
[4]
Pain N. Neck Pain: Clinical practice guidelines help ensure quality care. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47(7): 513.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2017.0508] [PMID: 28666400]
[5]
Carroll LJ, Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, et al. Course and prognostic factors for neck pain in the general population: Results of the bone and joint decade 2000-2010 Task Force on neck pain and its associated disorders. Spine 2008; 33(4) (Suppl.): S75-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31816445be] [PMID: 18204403]
[6]
Cagnie B, Struyf F, Cools A, Castelein B, Danneels L, O'leary S. The relevance of scapular dysfunction in neck pain: A brief commentary. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014; 44(6): 435-9.
[7]
Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, Carroll LJ, et al. The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: Results of the bone and joint decade 2000-2010 Task Force on neck pain and Its associated disorders. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2009; 32(2) (Suppl.): S46-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.11.010] [PMID: 19251074]
[8]
Ibrahim T, Cools A, Duzgun I. Clinical Biomechanics Alterations in the 3-dimensional scapular orientation in patients with non- specific neck pain. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 70: 97-106.
[9]
Kim SR, Kang MH, Bahng SY, et al. Correlation among scapular asymmetry, neck pain, and neck disability index (NDI) in young women with slight neck pain. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28(5): 1508-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.1508] [PMID: 27313361]
[10]
Cools AMJ, Struyf F, Mey K, et al. Rehabilitation of scapular dyskinesis: From the office worker to the elite overhead athlete. Br J Sport Med 2014; 48(8): 692-7.
[11]
Neto RSG, Sadala PTV, Pinho DO, et al. Influence of scapular position on cervical rotation range of motion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2008; 38(11): 668-73.
[12]
Walton D, MacDermid J, Nielson W, Teasell R, Nailer T, Maheu P. A descriptive study of pressure pain threshold at 2 standardized sites in people with acute or subacute neck pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011; 41(9): 651-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2011.3667] [PMID: 21885907]
[13]
Saadat M, Salehi R, Negahban H, Shaterzadeh MJ, Mehravar M, Hessam M. Postural stability in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain: A comparative study with healthy people. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2018; 32(1): 196-200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14196/mjiri.32.33] [PMID: 30159284]
[14]
Castelein B, Cools A, Bostyn E, Delemarre J, Lemahieu T, Cagnie B. Analysis of scapular muscle EMG activity in patients with idiopathic neck pain: A systematic review. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2015; 25(2): 371-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.01.006] [PMID: 25683111]
[15]
Kristjansson E, Treleaven J. Sensorimotor function and dizziness in neck pain: Implications for assessment and management. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009; 39(5): 364-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2009.2834] [PMID: 19411769]
[16]
Lluch E, Arguisuelas MD, Calvente Quesada O, et al. Immediate effects of active versus passive scapular correction on pain and pressure pain threshold in patients with chronic neck pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2014; 37(9): 660-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2014.08.007] [PMID: 25282679]
[17]
Ha S, Kwon O, Yi C, Jeon H, Lee W. Effects of passive correction of scapular position on pain, proprioception, and range of motion in neck-pain patients with bilateral scapular downward-rotation syndrome. Man Ther 2011; 16(6): 585-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2011.05.011] [PMID: 21705260]
[18]
Park SH, Lee MM. Effects of lower trapezius strengthening exercises on pain, dysfunction, posture alignment, muscle thickness and contraction rate in patients with neck pain; randomized controlled trial. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26: e920208.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.920208] [PMID: 32202262]
[19]
Yildiz TI, Turgut E, Duzgun I. Neck and scapula-focused exercise training on patients with nonspecific neck neck and scapula-focused exercise training on patients with nonspecific neck pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sport Rehabil 2017; 27(5): 403-12.
[20]
Ashwini TM, Karvannan H, Prem V. Effects of movement impairment based treatment in the management of mechanical neck pain. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 22(2): 534-9.
[PMID: 29861262]
[21]
Cavalcanti IF, Antonino GB, Monte-Silva KK, Guerino MR, Ferreira APL, das Graças Rodrigues de Araújo M. Global Postural Re-education in non-specific neck and low back pain treatment: A pilot study. J Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil 2020; 33(5): 823-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/BMR-181371] [PMID: 31929138]
[22]
Seo YG, Park WH, Lee CS, et al. Is scapular stabilization exercise effective for managing nonspecific chronic neck pain?: A Systematic Review. Asian Spine J 2020; 14(1): 122-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31616/asj.2019.0055] [PMID: 31668049]
[23]
Rabin A, Irrgang JJ, Fitzgerald GK, Eubanks A. The intertester reliability of the scapular assistance test. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2006; 36(9): 653-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.2234] [PMID: 17017270]
[24]
Tate AR, McClure P, Kareha S, Irwin D. Effect of the scapula reposition test on shoulder impingement symptoms and elevation strength in overhead athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2008; 38(1): 4-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2008.2616] [PMID: 18357656]
[25]
Neto RSG, Sadala PTV, Pinho DO, et al. Influence of scapular position on cervical rotation range of motion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2008; 38(11): 668-73.
[26]
Keating L, Lubke C, Powell V, Young T, Souvlis T, Jull G. Mid-thoracic tenderness: A comparison of pressure pain threshold between spinal regions, in asymptomatic subjects. Man Ther 2001; 6(1): 34-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/math.2000.0377] [PMID: 11243907]
[27]
Helgadottir H, Kristjansson E, Mottram S, Karduna A, Jonsson H Jr. Altered scapular orientation during arm elevation in patients with insidious onset neck pain and whiplash-associated disorder. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010; 40(12): 784-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3405] [PMID: 20972341]
[28]
Petersen SM, Domino NA, Cook CE. Scapulothoracic muscle strength in individuals with neck pain. J Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil 2016; 29(3): 549-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/BMR-160656] [PMID: 26836839]
[29]
Carolyn K, Colby LA. Therapeutic Exercise. (5th ed.), Philadelphia: F A Davis 2007.
[30]
Newman-Beinart NA, Norton S, Dowling D, et al. The development and initial psychometric evaluation of a measure assessing adherence to prescribed exercise: The Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS). Physiotherapy 2017; 103(2): 180-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2016.11.001] [PMID: 27913064]
[31]
Friedrich M, Cermak T, Maderbacher P. The effect of brochure use versus therapist teaching on patients performing therapeutic exercise and on changes in impairment status. Phys Ther 1996; 76(10): 1082-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/76.10.1082] [PMID: 8863761]
[32]
Donatelli RA, Wooden MJ. Orthopaedic physical therapy. Amsterdam: Elsevier health sciences 2009.
[33]
Evjenth O, Hamberg J. Muscle stretching in manual therapy. Amsterdam:. Alfta, Sweden: Alfta Rehab 2003.
[34]
Reinold MM, Escamilla R, Wilk KE. Current concepts in the scientific and clinical rationale behind exercises for glenohumeral and scapulothoracic musculature. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009; 39(2): 105-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2009.2835] [PMID: 19194023]
[35]
Schory A, Bidinger E, Wolf J, Murray L. A systematic review of the exercises that produce optimal muscle ratios of the scapular stabilizers in normal shoulders. IJSPT 2020; 11(3): 321-36.
[36]
Donatelli R, Wooden M. Orthopedic physical therapy. (4th ed.), New York: Churchil Livingstone; 2020.
[37]
Sarig-Bahat H. Evidence for exercise therapy in mechanical neck disorders. Man Ther 2003; 8(1): 10-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/math.2002.0480] [PMID: 12586557]
[38]
Kaka B, Ogwumike OO, Ogunlade SO, Adeniyi AF. Effects of neck stabilization and dynamic exercises on pain, disability and fear avoidance beliefs in patients with non-specific neck pain; a randomized clinical trial. Archives of Physiotherapy and Global Researches 2015; 19(3): 17-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15442/apgr.19.2.14]
[39]
Kuo YL, Lee TH, Tsai YJ. Evaluation of a cervical stabilization exercise program for pain, disability, and physical impairments in university violinists with nonspecific neck pain. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(15): 5430.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155430] [PMID: 32731521]
[40]
Cleland JA, Childs JD, Whitman JM. Psychometric properties of the neck disability index and numeric pain rating scale in patients with mechanical neck pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 89(1): 69-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.126] [PMID: 18164333]
[41]
MacDermid JC, Walton DM, Avery S, et al. Measurement properties of the neck disability index: A systematic review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009; 39(5): 400-C12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2009.2930] [PMID: 19521015]
[42]
Young IA, Dunning J, Butts R, Mourad F, Cleland JA. Reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of the neck disability index and numeric pain rating scale in patients with mechanical neck pain without upper extremity symptoms. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 35(12): 1328-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2018.1471763] [PMID: 29856244]
[43]
Piva SR, Erhard RE, Childs JD, Browder DA. Inter-tester reliability of passive intervertebral and active movements of the cervical spine. Man Ther 2006; 11(4): 321-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2005.09.001] [PMID: 16837235]
[44]
Helgadottir H, Kristjansson E, Einarsson E, Karduna A, Jonsson H Jr. Altered activity of the serratus anterior during unilateral arm elevation in patients with cervical disorders. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21(6): 947-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.07.007] [PMID: 21889362]
[45]
Schmitz R, Arnold B. Intertester and intratester reliability of a dynamic balance protocol using the biodex stability system. J Sport Rehabil 1998; 7(2): 95-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.7.2.95]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy