Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction is an approach to make numerous copies of specific DNA. PCR has been applied for the investigation of infectious sicknesses caused by viral, protozoan, bacterial, fungal, or other infectious factors. This review manuscript aims to survey the usage of PCR, LAMP, RPA, and RAA in rapid detection and highlight molecular detection of various diseases and pathogens. Scientific sources like Science Direct, PubMed, Research gate, Scopus, and Google Scholar with highlighting on Science Direct and Scopus have been applied. A review of the literature was prepared by using the keywords PCR, LAMP, infectious disease, pathogen, RAA, RPA, and virus. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a nucleic acid amplification method presenting the substitute to PCR. The LAMP assay is more rapid than nested PCR, is cost-efficient, and is simple to perform. LAMP technology has been widely used for the detection of crop pests, human pathogenic, pathogenic, organisms, bacteria, and components in meat products. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a new isothermal technique to amplify the DNA as well as RPA. RPA combined the advantages of isothermal PCR with clarity and rapid amplification. Recombinase- aided amplification (RAA) assay has been successfully applied in the detection of bacterial and viral pathogens and controls the technical problems posed by DNA amplification techniques because it does not require thermal denaturation of the template and utilizes at a debilitated and continuous temperature. This manuscript has highlighted the importance of PCR and molecular detection as significant tools in the detection of infectious organisms, pathogens, toxins, and biological research.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15257770701845204] [PMID: 18260008]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2019.6803]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1797369]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01148-x]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666210604114411] [PMID: 34086547]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2020.02.010] [PMID: 32292623]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000175]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.12.e63] [PMID: 10871386]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.9.4359-4365.2003] [PMID: 12958269]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10156-009-0669-9] [PMID: 19396514]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.039] [PMID: 24949822]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00040] [PMID: 28355077]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.126901]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.08.002] [PMID: 17910999]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr504] [PMID: 21693555]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06451] [PMID: 18202654]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0396-303] [PMID: 9630890]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0198-49] [PMID: 9447593]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/29.11.e54] [PMID: 11376166]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/02323rr02] [PMID: 11926174]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn736] [PMID: 18940863]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.5250604] [PMID: 15208450]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1084-8592(99)80012-5] [PMID: 10671646]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-2-18] [PMID: 12207829]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.38.7.2665-2669.2000] [PMID: 10878061]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1386-6532(03)00091-X] [PMID: 14747025]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M503096200] [PMID: 15955821]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.039] [PMID: 16870140]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.05.005] [PMID: 17662567]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2003.09.010] [PMID: 14624861]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60516-8] [PMID: 15269301]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.1.257-263.2004] [PMID: 14715762]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2005.053694] [PMID: 16123149]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00258.2004] [PMID: 15613496]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.6.777] [PMID: 10351985]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.180501] [PMID: 11381035]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.2.6.542] [PMID: 12465451]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja043490u] [PMID: 15713061]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.287] [PMID: 23949770]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120403] [PMID: 31816684]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.6.4.567] [PMID: 16824030]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2018.1514084]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2011.588325] [PMID: 21671204]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-9-67] [PMID: 19457256]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2017.04.008] [PMID: 28629614]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2020.01.002] [PMID: 31935444]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2019.1675865] [PMID: 31587573]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.104439]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612017046] [PMID: 28977247]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.11.011] [PMID: 29223587]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.028] [PMID: 29291385]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.01.003] [PMID: 30670354]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/gmic.25824] [PMID: 23887190]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2019.01.029]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2019.02.022] [PMID: 30905631]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.02.007] [PMID: 30776392]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2314808X.2019.1706925]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.019] [PMID: 23816531]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.04.004] [PMID: 24159500]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.11.4121-4125.2002] [PMID: 12409384]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.21961] [PMID: 27075845]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2014.937139] [PMID: 26019546]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/rmm.5.3.37]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3762-4] [PMID: 30755177]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat2162] [PMID: 18497851]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.01.090]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3lc50169h] [PMID: 23652632]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.003] [PMID: 29649653]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.04.077]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3040107] [PMID: 30275432]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2020.103469] [PMID: 32336366]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.111447] [PMID: 31238279]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2019.07.011]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2015.1040975] [PMID: 26068569]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008686.2018.1553465] [PMID: 29868166]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602153113] [PMID: 27140631]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.10.038] [PMID: 30342894]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17530059.2.8.947] [PMID: 23495868]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874357901206010104] [PMID: 23248732]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncy.20197] [PMID: 22045615]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.apm11211-1206.x] [PMID: 15638838]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2779-8] [PMID: 19377839]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2007.07.004] [PMID: 17689512]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.782483]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.6.4.597] [PMID: 16824033]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14737159.2018.1491793] [PMID: 29933717]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.6.1.79] [PMID: 16359269]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.3.3.357] [PMID: 12779009]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17530059.1.2.267] [PMID: 23489312]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14737159.2017.1289087] [PMID: 28135893]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/23744235.2015.1061205] [PMID: 26167849]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2018.1438262] [PMID: 29406800]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.2.2.143] [PMID: 11962334]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erm.12.34] [PMID: 22702360]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101544] [PMID: 32109535]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.011] [PMID: 29730246]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3814-9] [PMID: 30836947]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/11-365] [PMID: 22492406]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2011.608083] [PMID: 21916776]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/073003102760162318] [PMID: 12703508]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat1205] [PMID: 15359342]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.041] [PMID: 26802747]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.111670] [PMID: 31520965]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2013.01.011] [PMID: 23361046]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/joc.2005.17.4.361] [PMID: 16167513]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365510308566]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2011.03.012] [PMID: 21443913]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.009]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.06.099]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.05.003] [PMID: 28483442]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-2696-7] [PMID: 29594804]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04628] [PMID: 29211962]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-014-1406-3]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.018] [PMID: 30029400]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.050] [PMID: 27513684]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.641132] [PMID: 24580541]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2015.1090332]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1363709] [PMID: 28846441]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387010.2013.859158]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08820139.2011.579671] [PMID: 21635186]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100313]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112258]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2016.1205656]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060660209507006]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2016.1213429] [PMID: 27424624]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2014.900736]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1582806] [PMID: 30943113]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652030802520860] [PMID: 19680904]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2018.12.017] [PMID: 30576752]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00006-15] [PMID: 26062576]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.052] [PMID: 29030180]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.2010.95.102]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2016.08.001] [PMID: 27495132]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.111082]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-73.8.1486] [PMID: 20819359]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.01.024]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-060] [PMID: 23043829]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.02.010] [PMID: 29555595]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2019.01.011] [PMID: 31128793]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3911] [PMID: 20355142]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0276] [PMID: 26123960]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1055-3] [PMID: 26338510]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.01.023] [PMID: 28159666]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2010.0773] [PMID: 21214490]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00770] [PMID: 25628612]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00023-X] [PMID: 12706587]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.735] [PMID: 14587076]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107008]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15701786186662107071161025]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.2016.1134325] [PMID: 26689497]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erm.12.53] [PMID: 23153240]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/989514] [PMID: 22654650]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00657.x] [PMID: 21749586]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.17.39.20285-en] [PMID: 23041020]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045] [PMID: 31992387]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02533-13] [PMID: 24153118]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125654] [PMID: 31678669]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(00)00049-2]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2014.10.017] [PMID: 25451956]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2013.EN-477]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11351]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/2001.7982108x] [PMID: 11518219]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2012.704150] [PMID: 22830610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315109091-15]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00629.x] [PMID: 19120456]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2004.10817113]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/V10133-010-0004-8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.3.6.781] [PMID: 14628905]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.10.016] [PMID: 21029752]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.03.007] [PMID: 30898576]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.05.005] [PMID: 29758237]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62881-9]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103984] [PMID: 31369864]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.38.9.3429-3435.2000] [PMID: 10970396]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(03)00071-X] [PMID: 12842485]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.02.013]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2005.01.011] [PMID: 16942984]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-69.2.282] [PMID: 16496566]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2006.02.008] [PMID: 16564585]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.07.004] [PMID: 20416660]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.11.014] [PMID: 23246608]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.06.023] [PMID: 19591873]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2016.1228827] [PMID: 27924642]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.11.013] [PMID: 21111004]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/10418-101012-Reg.1] [PMID: 23901772]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.08.002] [PMID: 25439092]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/11277-091415-ResNote.1] [PMID: 26953947]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.06.012] [PMID: 22728272]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.05.007] [PMID: 27181213]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2018.11.004] [PMID: 30447279]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101448] [PMID: 31521579]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0567] [PMID: 28177788]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2016.04.033]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.35.10.2568-2572.1997] [PMID: 9316909]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-63.8.1032] [PMID: 10945576]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482269833-10]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2006.04.032] [PMID: 16815005]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.030]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2010.07.017] [PMID: 20674616]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2017.10.026] [PMID: 29111094]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.01.011] [PMID: 19187791]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.05.005] [PMID: 23702025]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.220.1636] [PMID: 12051502]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(02)00210-0] [PMID: 12505626]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.05.003] [PMID: 31095976]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-006-9037-0] [PMID: 32214677]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2017.03.005] [PMID: 28342800]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106905]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5LC01459J] [PMID: 26952334]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.064] [PMID: 30327099]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.021]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01015] [PMID: 29781618]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/JoMMID.8.4.166]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23120053.2016.1118843]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erm.10.38] [PMID: 20465495]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04800.x] [PMID: 20618889]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1518897] [PMID: 30569743]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2015.1137110]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.03.019] [PMID: 27045360]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.11.5349-5352.2004] [PMID: 15528740]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107015]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13836-9] [PMID: 29044149]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04230-z] [PMID: 31053978]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4656-9] [PMID: 25557475]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030306] [PMID: 32183357]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109786] [PMID: 32361529]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.36.6.1798-1800.1998] [PMID: 9620427]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069941] [PMID: 23936359]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2008.140526] [PMID: 25075556]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.04.015] [PMID: 24815878]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.04.014]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.6.2616-2622.2003] [PMID: 12791888]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.57] [PMID: 18451795]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04054] [PMID: 26980448]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2001.5921] [PMID: 11708792]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.9.1742] [PMID: 11514425]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2014.979318] [PMID: 25582179]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2019.1661766] [PMID: 31495297]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/ASBCJ-2007-0227-01]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erm.12.144] [PMID: 23477559]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S004393391700109X]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02713680490503796] [PMID: 15512953]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.102] [PMID: 24629956]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8652-z] [PMID: 25822163]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf304295b] [PMID: 23432417]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-016-9984-4] [PMID: 27761701]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.04.012] [PMID: 27118518]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2019.03.003] [PMID: 30858087]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.09.001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100717] [PMID: 24963709]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.049] [PMID: 31163314]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.5.1956-1961.2004] [PMID: 15131154]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-11-139] [PMID: 25103205]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123126] [PMID: 25856093]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02166] [PMID: 28119682]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.05.006] [PMID: 29763640]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1756698] [PMID: 32306853]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.046] [PMID: 16797110]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.12.004] [PMID: 17218021]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1306.061572] [PMID: 17553231]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4277-8] [PMID: 31370782]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2011.603751]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2015.1120341]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.10.028] [PMID: 19891986]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.06.010] [PMID: 29936095]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.08.023] [PMID: 17920701]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.11.006] [PMID: 19931578]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.002] [PMID: 22353472]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.04.014] [PMID: 22575575]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2016.01.002] [PMID: 26780110]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.004] [PMID: 30958991]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15222055.2016.1173609]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.060] [PMID: 30878727]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez372] [PMID: 31265112]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.06.015] [PMID: 28673857]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.033] [PMID: 30262096]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62816-9]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2015.1119733]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.08.024] [PMID: 24025343]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.05.028] [PMID: 21640758]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105653] [PMID: 31199937]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113687] [PMID: 31271791]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6b00379.s001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113819] [PMID: 31923447]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2014.15.3.423] [PMID: 24690607]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105630] [PMID: 25165973]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2013.647.654]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.03.018] [PMID: 23583488]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12451] [PMID: 26617330]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.08.013] [PMID: 28837842]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2018.06.002] [PMID: 29908206]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120402] [PMID: 31816739]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.297.5586.1536] [PMID: 12202825]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.025]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2015.1015680] [PMID: 26158457]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905436.2013.870911]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.006]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2018.07.008]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40125] [PMID: 28059137]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.01.013] [PMID: 30922631]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.08.012] [PMID: 30176303]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.01.011] [PMID: 30682384]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.10.025] [PMID: 30395978]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101397] [PMID: 31775113]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105801] [PMID: 31811904]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2019.101666] [PMID: 31672231]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2014.11.010] [PMID: 25529001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.05.010] [PMID: 26072150]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2019.05.004] [PMID: 31378262]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2014.996610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14737159.2019.1571913] [PMID: 30657706]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2015.1037468] [PMID: 26220075]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2016.1261371]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2017.1316774]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/ern.12.144] [PMID: 23237350]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.6.5.761] [PMID: 17009909]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365549609037967] [PMID: 9060063]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2011.552519] [PMID: 21284567]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.1.2.175] [PMID: 11901812]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2019.1634791] [PMID: 31232095]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.11.012]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.07.011] [PMID: 30059693]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.09.012] [PMID: 28919034]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.12.071]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100010] [PMID: 34766034]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2227-x] [PMID: 28183291]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.04.006] [PMID: 31160164]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.12.007] [PMID: 17218020]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079450600598244] [PMID: 16595312]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207239408710936]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.07.022] [PMID: 17826848]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.01.034] [PMID: 17376545]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2005.36592] [PMID: 16317448]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.04.018] [PMID: 27134071]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.08.002] [PMID: 27575682]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01498.x] [PMID: 16842569]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eri.11.75] [PMID: 21819328]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.02.014]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.17.4.840-862.2004] [PMID: 15489351]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cccn.2005.05.045] [PMID: 16154122]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2015.02.013] [PMID: 25727516]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2019.01.013] [PMID: 30742853]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.06.005] [PMID: 24945443]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.10.017] [PMID: 21034772]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.11.020] [PMID: 21126537]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.03.018] [PMID: 21440570]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.06.006] [PMID: 24928691]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.10.011] [PMID: 31708375]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.005] [PMID: 25019169]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113684] [PMID: 31288038]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.03.001] [PMID: 19442847]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.11.011] [PMID: 25522921]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.04.007] [PMID: 25889355]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.08.010] [PMID: 30102924]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.06.026] [PMID: 28807294]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.11.016] [PMID: 28110776]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.04.030]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2018.10.014] [PMID: 30366064]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101474] [PMID: 31655106]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.734987]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/MB:17:1:73] [PMID: 11280933]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00409] [PMID: 25808967]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.11.6171] [PMID: 10339560]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.34.12.2933-2936.1996] [PMID: 8940425]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.19.3752] [PMID: 11000267]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12263-008-0106-1] [PMID: 19067016]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03597.x] [PMID: 17953687]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.food.080708.100730] [PMID: 22129383]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2014.151.166] [PMID: 24783797]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5513772]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2016.04.017]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106775]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.11.014] [PMID: 27915036]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10930-019-09818-7] [PMID: 30759302]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2620-6_16] [PMID: 25981257]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2018.06.011] [PMID: 29964073]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2017.12.030] [PMID: 29289485]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2018.1474262]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15105] [PMID: 32449955]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1473-RE] [PMID: 31944903]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms151018197] [PMID: 25310647]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.057] [PMID: 30322545]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.02.022] [PMID: 29501532]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.11.001] [PMID: 30395887]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2018.01.016] [PMID: 29378166]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126759] [PMID: 32283374]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000250]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2017.08.004] [PMID: 28842221]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2017.12.031] [PMID: 29305096]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2019.03.007] [PMID: 30930280]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/1948-5964.1000178]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2016.08.011] [PMID: 27593155]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638716654201] [PMID: 27493138]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2018.04.004] [PMID: 29705183]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.05.020] [PMID: 28583858]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2019.03.005] [PMID: 30922817]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101473] [PMID: 31654732]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2019.04.010] [PMID: 31029698]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.02.015] [PMID: 30807776]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoldx.2013.08.003] [PMID: 24331366]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2018.08.007] [PMID: 30170103]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.10.005] [PMID: 29141771]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.07.011] [PMID: 30122509]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.01.010] [PMID: 30677463]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101511] [PMID: 31953221]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2018.10.004] [PMID: 30394299]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105511] [PMID: 32422380]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108691] [PMID: 32534163]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113802] [PMID: 31843672]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2017.08.053] [PMID: 28863324]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2016.1185048] [PMID: 27485254]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2018.04.014] [PMID: 29678761]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101580] [PMID: 32330556]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101475] [PMID: 31655105]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.01.018] [PMID: 30703446]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104579]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113747] [PMID: 31580840]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.02.006] [PMID: 30796947]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120616] [PMID: 31987181]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12230-019-09750-7]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101627] [PMID: 32622961]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.06.026] [PMID: 25010790]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.04.024] [PMID: 31047971]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.05.008] [PMID: 31136756]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101494] [PMID: 31863825]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.03.015] [PMID: 31126795]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2018.08.006] [PMID: 30157451]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2018.01.021] [PMID: 29408177]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2016.02.007] [PMID: 26911890]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101451] [PMID: 31541671]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0875-5] [PMID: 27806722]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.734926]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.02.019] [PMID: 28249769]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.028] [PMID: 29625920]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.06.004] [PMID: 30105974]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113884] [PMID: 32442456]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.03.003] [PMID: 29548879]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2018-2010] [PMID: 29793361]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.007] [PMID: 32422410]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113904] [PMID: 32470487]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2017.06.011] [PMID: 28619662]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4750-4] [PMID: 31992210]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113861] [PMID: 32343981]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.06.028] [PMID: 31288091]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-019-1178-9] [PMID: 31262315]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.075] [PMID: 32272263]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120688]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180819666220816115506]