Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Chinese Science

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-2981
ISSN (Online): 2210-2914

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Mini-Review Article Section: Biotechnology

Pre-clinical and Clinical Evidence Associated with Infertility in Men: Future Aspects

Author(s): Mohammad Nezamuddin Khan, Anusruthi Mallela, M.G. Nishanthi, Lakshmi Chandran and Ankul Singh S.*

Volume 3, Issue 4, 2023

Published on: 04 April, 2023

Page: [244 - 252] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/2210298103666230309150002

Price: $65

conference banner
Abstract

Infertility in men is more than 50% of cases and the real cause of infertility cannot be determined by various factors and lack of technology. Infertility in males is a rising health concern across the globe affecting around 7 percent of the total male population in the world. Various risk factors are associated with several diseases’ outcomes and those involved have been shown to cause infertility with male background due to their prone habits. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has evolved so far as treatment options for infertility by manipulating sperm or egg for a woman to conceive being the only hope of bearing a biological child. Ancient medical techniques could be enhanced using augmented reality with additional metrics to include orientation, 3D location of speculations, and proximity to adjacent structures. With image-guided surgery, the need to integrate medical imaging with surgery has promoted the research for new visualization modalities based on AR, as surgical guidance or tool for surgical planning/diagnosis. Moreover, AR has its advantage in high-quality data curation which establishes the fact that both AI and AR can be associated together and make it useful in the imaging of infertile men. At present, research focuses on improving sperm retrieval and assisted conception methods and perhaps in the future less invasive procedures like AI and AR may be an option that provide Insight into data curation and enhanced intelligence in the Imaging of cells.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Jose-Miller, A.B.; Boyden, J.W.; Frey, K.A. Infertility. Am. Fam. Physician, 2007, 75(6), 849-856.
[PMID: 17390595]
[2]
Kumar, N.; Singh, A. Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of infertility: A review of literature. J. Hum. Reprod. Sci., 2015, 8(4), 191-196.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-1208.170370] [PMID: 26752853]
[3]
Kumar Mahat, R.; Arora, M. Risk factors and causes of male infertility-a review. Biochem. Anal. Biochem., 2016, 5(2)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000271]
[4]
Chia, S.E.; Lim, S.T.A.; Tay, S.K.; Lim, S.T. Factors associated with male infertility: A case-control study of 218 infertile and 240 fertile men. BJOG, 2000, 107(1), 55-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11579.x] [PMID: 10645862]
[5]
Sharma, R.; Biedenharn, K.R.; Fedor, J.M.; Agarwal, A. Lifestyle factors and reproductive health: Taking control of your fertility. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 2013, 11(1), 66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-11-66] [PMID: 23870423]
[6]
Neto, F.T.L.; Bach, P.V.; Najari, B.B.; Li, P.S.; Goldstein, M. Genetics of male infertility. Curr. Urol. Rep., 2016, 17(10), 70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11934-016-0627-x] [PMID: 27502429]
[7]
Gajbhiye, R.K.; Sudhakar, D.V.S.; Shah, R. Genetics of male infertility – Present and future: A narrative review. J. Hum. Reprod. Sci., 2021, 14(3), 217-227.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_115_21] [PMID: 34759610]
[8]
Eskew, A.M.; Jungheim, E.S. A History of developments to improve in vitro fertilization. Mo. Med., 2017, 114(3), 156-159.
[PMID: 30228571]
[9]
Jafari, H.; Mirzaiinajmabadi, K.; Latifnejad Roudsari, R.; Rakhshkhorshid, M. The factors affecting male infertility: A systematic review. Int. J. Reprod. Biomed., 2021, 19(8), 681-688.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v19i8.9615] [PMID: 34568728]
[10]
Park, J.S.; Kim, G.Y.; Han, K. The spermatogenic and ovogenic effects of chronically administered Shilajit to rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2006, 107(3), 349-353.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.039] [PMID: 16698205]
[11]
Biswas, T.K.; Pandit, S.; Mondal, S.; Biswas, S.K.; Jana, U.; Ghosh, T.; Tripathi, P.C.; Debnath, P.K.; Auddy, R.G.; Auddy, B. Clinical evaluation of spermatogenic activity of processed Shilajit in oligospermia. Andrologia, 2010, 42(1), 48-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00956.x] [PMID: 20078516]
[12]
Leaver, R.B. Male infertility: An overview of causes and treatment options. Br. J. Nurs., 2016, 25(18), S35-S40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2016.25.18.S35] [PMID: 27734725]
[13]
Jarow, J.; Sigman, M.; Kolettis, P.N. Optimal Evaluation of the Infertile Male; Am Urol Assoc, 2011.
[14]
Amroha, H.H. Male Infertility-An Overview; Ezine Artic, 2021.
[15]
Katib, A.A.; Al-Hawsawi, K.; Motair, W.; Bawa, A.M. Secondary infertility and the aging male, overview. Cent. European J. Urol., 2014, 67(2), 184-188.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5173/ceju.2014.02.art13] [PMID: 25140235]
[16]
Mollaioli, D.; Ciocca, G.; Limoncin, E.; Di Sante, S.; Gravina, G.L.; Carosa, E.; Lenzi, A.; Jannini, E.A.F. Lifestyles and sexuality in men and women: the gender perspective in sexual medicine. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 2020, 18(1), 10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12958-019-0557-9] [PMID: 32066450]
[17]
Bisht, S.; Faiq, M.; Tolahunase, M.; Dada, R. Oxidative stress and male infertility. Nat. Rev. Urol., 2017, 14(8), 470-485.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2017.69] [PMID: 28508879]
[18]
Foucaut, A.M.; Faure, C.; Julia, C.; Czernichow, S.; Levy, R.; Dupont, C. Sedentary behavior, physical inactivity and body composition in relation to idiopathic infertility among men and women. PLoS One, 2019, 14(4), e0210770.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210770] [PMID: 31017887]
[19]
Dutta, S.; Henkel, R.; Sengupta, P.; Agarwal, A. Physiological role of ROS in sperm function. In:Male Infertility; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2020, pp. 337-345.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32300-4_27]
[20]
Ilacqua, A.; Izzo, G.; Emerenziani, G.P.; Baldari, C.; Aversa, A. Lifestyle and fertility: The influence of stress and quality of life on male fertility. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 2018, 16(1), 115.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0436-9] [PMID: 30474562]
[21]
Amiri, M.; Ramezani Tehrani, F. Potential adverse effects of female and male obesity on fertility: A narrative review. Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab., 2020, 18(3), e101776.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ijem.101776] [PMID: 33257906]
[22]
Pushpendra, A.; Gc, J. Hyper-lipidemia and male fertility: A critical review of literature. Andrology, 2015, 4(2)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0250.1000141]
[23]
Durairajanayagam, D. Lifestyle causes of male infertility. Arab J. Urol., 2018, 16(1), 10-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2017.12.004] [PMID: 29713532]
[24]
Gough, B. ‘Real men don’t diet’: An analysis of contemporary newspaper representations of men, food and health. Soc. Sci. Med., 2007, 64(2), 326-337.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.09.011] [PMID: 17070972]
[25]
Smeets, T.; Kremers, S.P.J.; de Vries, H.; Brug, J. Effects of tailored feedback on multiple health behaviors. Ann. Behav. Med., 2007, 33(2), 117-123.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02879892] [PMID: 17447863]
[26]
Munt, A.E.; Partridge, S.R.; Allman-Farinelli, M. The barriers and enablers of healthy eating among young adults: a missing piece of the obesity puzzle: A scoping review. Obes. Rev., 2017, 18(1), 1-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.12472] [PMID: 27764897]
[27]
Perheentupa, A. Male infertility and environmental factors. Glob. Reprod. Health, 2019, 4(2), e28-e28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/GRH.0000000000000028]
[28]
Strohmer, H.; Boldizsar, A.; Plöckinger, B.; Feldner-Busztin, M.; Feichtinger, W. Agricultural work and male infertility. Am. J. Ind. Med., 1993, 24(5), 587-592.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700240508] [PMID: 8266933]
[29]
Hruska, K.S.; Furth, P.A.; Seifer, D.B.; Sharara, F.; Flaws, J.A. Environmental factors in infertility. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol., 2000, 43(4), 821-829.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-200012000-00014] [PMID: 11100299]
[30]
Babakhanzadeh, E.; Nazari, M.; Ghasemifar, S.; Khodadadian, A. Some of the factors involved in male infertility: A prospective review. Int. J. Gen. Med., 2020, 13, 29-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S241099] [PMID: 32104049]
[31]
Rey-López, J.P.; Vicente-Rodríguez, G.; Biosca, M.; Moreno, L.A. Sedentary behaviour and obesity development in children and adolescents. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2008, 18(3), 242-251.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2007.07.008] [PMID: 18083016]
[32]
Jurewicz, J.; Radwan, M.; Sobala, W.; Ligocka, D.; Radwan, P.; Bochenek, M.; Hanke, W. Lifestyle and semen quality: Role of modifiable risk factors. Syst Biol Reprod Med, 2014, 60(1), 43-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2013.840687] [PMID: 24074254]
[33]
Pauli, S.A.; Kallen, C.B. Endocrine disorders and infertility. In:Infertility; Wiley, 2011, pp. 90-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444393958.ch10]
[34]
Sironen, A.; Shoemark, A.; Patel, M.; Loebinger, M.R.; Mitchison, H.M. Sperm defects in primary ciliary dyskinesia and related causes of male infertility. Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 2020, 77(11), 2029-2048.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03389-7] [PMID: 31781811]
[35]
Houston, B.J.; Riera-Escamilla, A.; Wyrwoll, M.J.; Salas-Huetos, A.; Xavier, M.J.; Nagirnaja, L.; Friedrich, C.; Conrad, D.F.; Aston, K.I.; Krausz, C.; Tüttelmann, F.; O’Bryan, M.K.; Veltman, J.A.; Oud, M.S. A systematic review of the validated monogenic causes of human male infertility: 2020 update and a discussion of emerging gene–disease relationships. Hum. Reprod. Update, 2021, 28(1), 15-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmab030] [PMID: 34498060]
[36]
Colaco, S.; Modi, D. Genetics of the human Y chromosome and its association with male infertility. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 2018, 16(1), 14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0330-5] [PMID: 29454353]
[37]
Neto, F.T.L.; Bach, P.V.; Najari, B.B.; Li, P.S.; Goldstein, M. Spermatogenesis in humans and its affecting factors. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol., 2016, 59, 10-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.009] [PMID: 27143445]
[38]
Punjani, N.; Kang, C.; Schlegel, P.N. Clinical implications of Y chromosome microdeletions among infertile men. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2020, 34(6), 101471.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2020.101471] [PMID: 33214080]
[39]
Krausz, C.; Chianese, C. Genetic testing and counselling for male infertility. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes., 2014, 21(3), 244-250.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000058] [PMID: 24739313]
[40]
O’Flynn O’Brien, K.L.; Varghese, A.C.; Agarwal, A. The genetic causes of male factor infertility: A review. Fertil. Steril., 2010, 93(1), 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.10.045] [PMID: 20103481]
[41]
Agarwal, A.; Virk, G.; Ong, C.; du Plessis, S.S. Effect of oxidative stress on male reproduction. World J. Mens Health, 2014, 32(1), 1-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.2014.32.1.1] [PMID: 24872947]
[42]
Dutta, S.; Sengupta, P.; Roychoudhury, S.; Chakravarthi, S.; Wang, C.W.; Slama, P. Antioxidant paradox in male infertility: ‘A blind eye’ on inflammation. Antioxidants, 2022, 11(1), 167.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010167] [PMID: 35052671]
[43]
Wagner, H.; Cheng, J.W.; Ko, E.Y. Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility: An updated review of literature. Arab J. Urol., 2018, 16(1), 35-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2017.11.001] [PMID: 29713534]
[44]
Emanuele, M.A.; Emanuele, N.V. Alcohol’s effects on male reproduction. Alcohol Health Res. World, 1998, 22(3), 195-201.
[PMID: 15706796]
[45]
Muthusami, K.R.; Chinnaswamy, P. Effect of chronic alcoholism on male fertility hormones and semen quality. Fertil. Steril., 2005, 84(4), 919-924.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.04.025] [PMID: 16213844]
[46]
Li, Y.; Lin, H.; Li, Y.; Cao, J. Association between socio-psycho-behavioral factors and male semen quality: systematic review and meta-analyses. Fertil. Steril., 2011, 95(1), 116-123.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.06.031] [PMID: 20674912]
[47]
Wu, D.; Cederbaum, A.I. Alcohol, oxidative stress, and free radical damage. Alcohol Res. Health, 2003, 27(4), 277-284.
[PMID: 15540798]
[48]
Sansone, A.; Di Dato, C.; de Angelis, C.; Menafra, D.; Pozza, C.; Pivonello, R.; Isidori, A.; Gianfrilli, D. Smoke, alcohol and drug addiction and male fertility. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 2018, 16(1), 3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0320-7] [PMID: 29334961]
[49]
Harlev, A.; Agarwal, A.; Gunes, S.O.; Shetty, A.; du Plessis, S.S. Smoking and male infertility: An evidence-based review. World J. Mens Health, 2015, 33(3), 143-160.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.2015.33.3.143] [PMID: 26770934]
[50]
Nagpal, D.A.; Girotra, D.P.; Nagpal, D.D.; Nagpal, D.L.; Nagpal, D.S.K. Study of the effect of smoking on sperm count in male infertility. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet., 2021, 5(5), 67-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/gynae.2021.v5.i5a.1016]
[51]
Wegner, C.C.; Clifford, A.L.; Jilbert, P.M.; Henry, M.A.; Gentry, W.L. Abnormally high body mass index and tobacco use are associated with poor sperm quality as revealed by reduced sperm binding to hyaluronan-coated slides. Fertil. Steril., 2010, 93(1), 332-334.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.970] [PMID: 19733846]
[52]
de Souza, G.L.; Hallak, J. Anabolic steroids and male infertility: A comprehensive review. BJU Int., 2011, 108(11), 1860-1865.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10131.x] [PMID: 21682835]
[53]
Fronczak, C.M.; Kim, E.D.; Barqawi, A.B. The insults of illicit drug use on male fertility. J. Androl., 2012, 33(4), 515-528.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.110.011874] [PMID: 21799144]
[54]
Nicolson, G.L.; Ferreira de Mattos, G.; Ash, M.; Settineri, R.; Escribá, P.V. Fundamentals of membrane lipid replacement: A natural medicine approach to repairing cellular membranes and reducing fatigue, pain, and other symptoms while restoring function in chronic illnesses and aging. Membranes, 2021, 11(12), 944.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120944] [PMID: 34940446]
[55]
Muraleedharan, V.; Jones, T.H. Review: Testosterone and the metabolic syndrome. Ther. Adv. Endocrinol. Metab., 2010, 1(5), 207-223.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042018810390258] [PMID: 23148165]
[56]
Ergün, A.; Köse, S.K.; Aydos, K.; Ata, A.; Avci, A. Correlation of seminal parameters with serum lipid profile and sex hormones. Arch. Androl., 2007, 53(1), 21-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01485010600888961] [PMID: 17364460]
[57]
Gulaya, N.M.; Margitich, V.M.; Govseeva, N.M.; Klimashevsky, V.M.; Gorpynchenko, I.I.; Boyko, M.I. Phospholipid composition of human sperm and seminal plasma in relation to sperm fertility. Arch. Androl., 2001, 46(3), 169-175.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01485010151096405] [PMID: 11339641]
[58]
Barbagallo, F.; La Vignera, S.; Cannarella, R.; Mongioì, L.M.; Garofalo, V.; Leanza, C.; Marino, M.; Calogero, A.E.; Condorelli, R.A. Obesity and male reproduction: Do sirtuins play a role? Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2022, 23(2), 973.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020973] [PMID: 35055159]
[59]
Barbonetti, A.; Vassallo, M.R.C.; Felzani, G.; Francavilla, S.; Francavilla, F. Association between 25(OH)-vitamin D and testosterone levels: Evidence from men with chronic spinal cord injury. J. Spinal Cord Med., 2016, 39(3), 246-252.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2045772315Y.0000000050] [PMID: 26312544]
[60]
Talib, R.A.; Khalafalla, K.; Cangüven, Ö. D vitamininin erektil fonksiyon üzerine etkisi. Turk Urol. Derg., 2017, 43, 105-111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tud.2017.76032]
[61]
Kesari, K.K.; Agarwal, A.; Henkel, R. Radiations and male fertility. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 2018, 16(1), 118.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0431-1] [PMID: 30445985]
[62]
Ogilvy-Stuart, A.L.; Shalet, S.M. Effect of radiation on the human reproductive system. Environ. Health Perspect., 1993, 101(S2), 109-116.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.93101s2109] [PMID: 8243379]
[63]
Gupta, G.S.; Bawa, S.R. Radiation effects on testes. X. Studies on inorganic pyrophosphatase and pyrophosphate following gamma irradiation of rats. Radiat. Res., 1977, 71(1), 83-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3574714] [PMID: 195298]
[64]
Oyeyipo, I.; Raji, Y.; Bolarinwa, A. Nicotine alters male reproductive hormones in male albino rats: The role of cessation. J. Hum. Reprod. Sci., 2013, 6(1), 40-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-1208.112380] [PMID: 23869150]
[65]
Nesseim, W.H.; Haroun, H.S.; Mostafa, E.; Youakim, M.F.; Mostafa, T. Effect of nicotine on spermatogenesis in adult albino rats. Andrologia, 2011, 43(6), 398-404.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.01086.x] [PMID: 21714799]
[66]
Nirupama, M.; Devaki, M.; Nirupama, R.; Yajurvedi, H.N. Chronic intermittent stress-induced alterations in the spermatogenesis and antioxidant status of the testis are irreversible in albino rat. J. Physiol. Biochem., 2013, 69(1), 59-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13105-012-0187-6] [PMID: 22820994]
[67]
Fozooni, R.; Jafarzadeh Shirazi, M.R.; Saedi, S.; Namavar Jahromi, B.; Khoradmehr, A.; Anvari, M.; Rahmanifar, F.; Khodabandeh, Z.; Tamadon, A. Male subfertility effects of sub-chronic ethanol exposure during stress in a rat model. Alcohol, 2021, 96, 63-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.08.003] [PMID: 34461247]
[68]
Fernandez, C.D.B.; Bellentani, F.F.; Fernandes, G.S.A.; Perobelli, J.E.; Favareto, A.P.A.; Nascimento, A.F.; Cicogna, A.C.; Kempinas, W.D.G. Diet-induced obesity in rats leads to a decrease in sperm motility. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 2011, 9(1), 32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-9-32] [PMID: 21396114]
[69]
Yamamoto, Y.; Isoyama, E.; Sofikitis, N.; Miyagawa, I. Effects of smoking on testicular function and fertilizing potential in rats. Urol. Res., 1998, 26(1), 45-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050022] [PMID: 9537696]
[70]
Braga, D.P.A.F.; Halpern, G.; Figueira, R.C.S.; Setti, A.S.; Iaconelli, A., Jr; Borges, E., Jr Food intake and social habits in male patients and its relationship to intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes. Fertil. Steril., 2012, 97(1), 53-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.011] [PMID: 22078783]
[71]
Feldman, H.A.; Johannes, C.B.; Derby, C.A.; Kleinman, K.P.; Mohr, B.A.; Araujo, A.B.; McKinlay, J.B. Erectile dysfunction and coronary risk factors: prospective results from the Massachusetts male aging study. Prev. Med., 2000, 30(4), 328-338.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0643] [PMID: 10731462]
[72]
Jensen, T.K.; Andersson, A.M.; Jørgensen, N.; Andersen, A.G.; Carlsen, E.; Petersen, J.H.; Skakkebæk, N.E. Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormonesamong 1,558 Danish men. Fertil. Steril., 2004, 82(4), 863-870.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.03.056] [PMID: 15482761]
[73]
Maleki, B.H.; Tartibian, B. High-intensity exercise training for improving reproductive function in infertile patients: A randomized controlled trial. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can., 2017, 39(7), 545-558.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2017.03.097] [PMID: 28625282]
[74]
Oyeyipo, I.P.; Maartens, P.J.; du Plessis, S.S. In vitro effects of nicotine on human spermatozoa. Andrologia, 2014, 46(8), 887-892.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/and.12169] [PMID: 24079388]
[75]
Ezeome, I.V.; Akintola, S.O.; Jegede, A.S.; Ezeome, E.R. Perception of key ethical issues in assisted reproductive technology (ART) by providers and clients in nigeria. Int. J. Womens Health, 2021, 13, 1033-1052.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S331917] [PMID: 34764702]
[76]
Aremo, J.I.; Eniola, B.O. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) within the family law dynamics: imperatives for a legal framework. Int. J. Innov. Res. Dev., 2020, 9(6)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2020/v9/i6/JUN20053]
[77]
Bin, S.; Masood, S.; Jung, Y. Virtual and augmented reality in medicine. In:Biomedical Information Technology; Elsevier, 2020, pp. 673-686.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816034-3.00020-1]
[78]
Carmigniani, J.; Furht, B. Augmented reality: An overview. In:Handbook of Augmented Reality; Springer New York: New York, NY, 2011, pp. 3-46.
[79]
Douglas, D.; Wilke, C.; Gibson, J.; Boone, J.; Wintermark, M. Augmented reality: Advances in diagnostic imaging. Multimodal Technol. Interact., 2017, 1(4), 29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti1040029]
[80]
Cutolo, F.; Fida, B.; Cattari, N.; Ferrari, V. Software framework for customized augmented reality headsets in medicine. IEEE Access, 2020, 8, 706-720.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2962122]
[81]
Ferrari, V.; Klinker, G.; Cutolo, F. Augmented reality in healthcare. J. Healthc. Eng., 2019, 2019, 1-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9321535] [PMID: 31354932]
[82]
Catto, J.W.F.; Abbod, M.F.; Wild, P.J.; Linkens, D.A.; Pilarsky, C.; Rehman, I.; Rosario, D.J.; Denzinger, S.; Burger, M.; Stoehr, R.; Knuechel, R.; Hartmann, A.; Hamdy, F.C. The application of artificial intelligence to microarray data: Identification of a novel gene signature to identify bladder cancer progression. Eur. Urol., 2010, 57(3), 398-406.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2009.10.029] [PMID: 19913990]
[83]
Topol, E.J. High-performance medicine: The convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nat. Med., 2019, 25(1), 44-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7] [PMID: 30617339]
[84]
Tang, X The role of artificial intelligence in medical imaging research. BJR|Open, 2020, 2, 20190031.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjro.20190031]
[85]
Alexander, A.; Jiang, A.; Ferreira, C.; Zurkiya, D. An intelligent future for medical imaging: A market outlook on artificial intelligence for medical imaging. J. Am. Coll. Radiol., 2020, 17(1), 165-170.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2019.07.019] [PMID: 31918875]
[86]
Lewis, S.J.; Gandomkar, Z.; Brennan, P.C. Artificial Intelligence in medical imaging practice: Looking to the future. J. Med. Radiat. Sci., 2019, 66(4), 292-295.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.369] [PMID: 31709775]
[87]
Liu, J.; Al’Aref, S.J.; Singh, G.; Caprio, A.; Moghadam, A.A.A.; Jang, S.J.; Wong, S.C.; Min, J.K.; Dunham, S.; Mosadegh, B. An augmented reality system for image guidance of transcatheter procedures for structural heart disease. PLoS One, 2019, 14(7), e0219174.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219174] [PMID: 31260497]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy