Generic placeholder image

Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2666-0822
ISSN (Online): 2666-0830

Research Article

Glutathione S Transferase Theta1 and Mu1 (GSTT1 and GSTM1) Deletion Among Autistic Population of India

Author(s): Rajat Hegde*, Smita Hegde, Suyamindra S. Kulkarni, Kusal K. Das and Pramod B. Gai*

Volume 20, Issue 2, 2024

Published on: 04 April, 2023

Page: [152 - 161] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/2666082219666230302142608

Price: $65

Abstract

Introduction: Oxidative stress is an imbalance between an organism's reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defence capacity. Long-term oxidative stress contributes to cellular ageing and plays a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Several investigations indicated that oxidative stress has a role in the pathogenesis of ASD.

Objectives: Present study was undertaken to record the association of GSTTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype among the autistic population of India.

Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from 108 autistic children along with healthy agematched control. The quality and quantity of the isolated genomic DNA were analysed. GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype was analysed using polymerase chain reaction with internal positive control. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0.

Results: Present study included 85 males and 23 females with a mean age of 11.7 ± 3.5 and 75 males and 33 females with a mean age of 11 ± 2.0 in the control group. 32 (29.6%) autistic cases showed null genotypes for GSTT1 and 21(19.4%) autistic children showed null genotypes for GSTM1. 3 (2.85%) control children showed a null genotype for GSTT1 and 5 (4.6%) control children showed a null genotype for GSTM1. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes were observed to be significantly associated with the risk of autism (p value-0.0001, OR-14.73, 95% CI 4.35-49.90) and (p value-0.003, OR-4.731, 95% CI 1.71-13.08) respectively.

Conclusion: The findings of our study suggested that GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype is one of the potential risk factors for autism through oxidative stress mechanism in our population.

[1]
Pisoschi AM, Pop A. The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97: 55-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.040] [PMID: 25942353]
[2]
Barbosa KBF, Costa NMB, Alfenas RCG, Paula SO, Minim VPR, Bressan J. Oxidative stress: Concept, implications and modulatory factors. J Nutr 2010; 23(4): 629-43.
[3]
Birben E, Sahiner UM, Sackesen C, Erzurum S, Kalayci O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World Allergy Organ J 2012; 5(1): 9-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WOX.0b013e3182439613] [PMID: 23268465]
[4]
McCord JM. The evolution of free radicals and oxidative stress. Am J Med 2000; 108(8): 652-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00412-5] [PMID: 10856414]
[5]
Halliwell B. Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. Plant Physiol 2006; 141(2): 312-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.077073] [PMID: 16760481]
[6]
Matsui A, Ikeda T, Enomoto K, et al. Increased formation of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, in human breast cancer tissue and its relationship to GSTP1 and COMT genotypes. Cancer Lett 2000; 151(1): 87-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00424-3] [PMID: 10766427]
[7]
Young IS, Woodside JV. Antioxidants in health and disease. J Clin Pathol 2001; 54(3): 176-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.54.3.176] [PMID: 11253127]
[8]
Harman D. Role of free radicals in aging and disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 673(1 Physiopatholo): 126-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb27444.x] [PMID: 1485710]
[9]
Lee JD, Cai Q, Shu XO, Nechuta SJ. The role of biomarkers of oxidative stress in breast cancer risk and prognosis: A systematic review of the epidemiologic literature. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26(5): 467-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2016.5973] [PMID: 28151039]
[10]
Tangvarasittichai S. Oxidative stress, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2015; 6(3): 456-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.456] [PMID: 25897356]
[11]
Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R, Colombo R, Giustarini D, Milzani A. Biomarkers of oxidative damage in human disease. Clin Chem 2006; 52(4): 601-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2005.061408] [PMID: 16484333]
[12]
Rao AL, Bharani M, Pallavi V. Role of antioxidants and free radicals in health and disease. Adv Pharmacol Toxicol 2006; 7: 29-38.
[13]
Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev 2010; 4(8): 118-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.70902] [PMID: 22228951]
[14]
Hayes JD, Flanagan JU, Jowsey IR. Glutathione transferases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2005; 45(1): 51-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095857] [PMID: 15822171]
[15]
Awasthi YC. Toxicology of glutathione transferases. CRC Press 2006.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420004489]
[16]
Barseem N, Elsamalehy M. Gene polymorphisms of glutathione S-Transferase T1/M1 in egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 9(2): 138-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.3690] [PMID: 27908841]
[17]
Giacco F, Brownlee M. Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ Res 2010; 107(9): 1058-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545] [PMID: 21030723]
[18]
Dandona P, Thusu K, Cook S, et al. Oxidative damage to DNA in diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1996; 347(8999): 444-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90013-6] [PMID: 8618487]
[19]
Williams B, Gallacher B, Patel H, Orme C. Glucose-induced protein kinase C activation regulates vascular permeability factor mRNA expression and peptide production by human vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Diabetes 1997; 46(9): 1497-503.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diab.46.9.1497] [PMID: 9287052]
[20]
Rizvi S, Raza ST, Mahdi F. Association of genetic variants with diabetic nephropathy. World J Diabetes 2014; 5(6): 809-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.809] [PMID: 25512783]
[21]
Hegde R, Hegde S, Kulkarni SS, Pandurangi A, Gai PB, Das KK. Novel frameshift mutation in Indian autistic population causes neuroligin and neurexin binding defect. Gene Rep 2021; 24: 101245.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101245]
[22]
Chen JA, Peñagarikano O, Belgard TG, Swarup V, Geschwind DH. The emerging picture of autism spectrum disorder: genetics and pathology. Annu Rev Pathol 2015; 10(1): 111-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040405] [PMID: 25621659]
[23]
Raina SK, Chander V, Bhardwaj AK, et al. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among rural, urban, and tribal children (1-10 years of age). J Neurosci Rural Pract 2017; 8(3): 368-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_329_16] [PMID: 28694615]
[24]
Moon SJ, Hwang JS, Shin AL, et al. Accuracy of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61(9): 1030-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14246] [PMID: 30977125]
[25]
Sandin S, Schendel D, Magnusson P, et al. Autism risk associated with parental age and with increasing difference in age between the parents. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21(5): 693-700.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.70] [PMID: 26055426]
[26]
Ravi S, Chandrasekaran V, Kattimani S, Subramanian M. Maternal and birth risk factors for children screening positive for autism spectrum disorders on M-CHAT-R. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 22: 17-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2016.04.001] [PMID: 27520889]
[27]
Mamidala MP, Kalikiri MK, Praveen Kumar PTV, Rajesh N, Vallamkonda OR, Rajesh V. Consanguinity in India and its association with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2015; 8(2): 224-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1431] [PMID: 25428403]
[28]
Chauhan A, Chauhan V. Oxidative stress in autism. Pathophysiology 2006; 13(3): 171-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.007] [PMID: 16766163]
[29]
Kurutas EB. The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative/nitrosative stress: Current state. Nutr J 2015; 15(1): 71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-016-0186-5] [PMID: 27456681]
[30]
Rose S, Melnyk S, Pavliv O, et al. Evidence of oxidative damage and inflammation associated with low glutathione redox status in the autism brain. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2(7): e134.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tp.2012.61] [PMID: 22781167]
[31]
Oshodi Y, Ojewunmi O, Oshodi TA, et al. Oxidative stress markers and genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase T1, M1, and P1 in a subset of children with autism spectrum disorder in Lagos, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2017; 20(9): 1161-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_282_16] [PMID: 29072241]
[32]
Said S, Moubarz G, Awadalla H, et al. Role of glutathione- s-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) genes on aluminum concentration and oxidative markers among autistic children. Egypt J Chem 2021; 0(0): 0.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2021.94656.4464]
[33]
Bjørklund G, Meguid NA, El-Bana MA, et al. Oxidative stress in autism spectrum disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57(5): 2314-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-019-01742-2] [PMID: 32026227]
[34]
Rahbar MH, Samms-Vaughan M, Ma J, et al. Interaction between GSTT1 and GSTP1 allele variants as a risk modulating-factor for autism spectrum disorders. Res Autism Spectr Disord 2015; 12: 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.12.008] [PMID: 25685181]
[35]
Taioli E, Flores-Obando RE, Agalliu I, et al. Multi-institutional prostate cancer study of genetic susceptibility in populations of African descent. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32(9): 1361-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgr119] [PMID: 21705483]
[36]
Chen CL, Liu Q, Relling MV. Simultaneous characterization of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction in American whites and blacks. Pharmacogenetics 1996; 6(2): 187-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008571-199604000-00005] [PMID: 9156696]
[37]
Li R, Boerwinkle E, Olshan AF, et al. Glutathione S-transferase genotype as a susceptibility factor in smoking-related coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2000; 149(2): 451-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00483-9] [PMID: 10729397]
[38]
Hiragi CO, Oliveira SF, Hatagima A, Ferreira LB, Grisolia CK, Klautau-Guimarães MN. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms in Brazilian African descendants. Hum Biol 2007; 79(1): 131-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2007.0025] [PMID: 17985662]
[39]
Saravana Devi S, Vinayagamoorthy N, Agrawal M, et al. Distribution of detoxifying genes polymorphism in Maharastrian population of central India. Chemosphere 2008; 70(10): 1835-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.008] [PMID: 17869325]
[40]
Buyske S, Williams TA, Mars AE, et al. Analysis of case-parent trios at a locus with a deletion allele: Association of GSTM1 with autism. BMC Genet 2006; 7(1): 8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-7-8] [PMID: 16472391]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version447msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[18:43:26] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[18:43:27] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[18:43:27] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[18:43:27] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[18:43:27] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (123ms)time
  • Application (324ms)time
  • 1 x Application (72.55%)
    324ms
    1 x Booting (27.45%)
    123ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated214ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316524592','',1,1740422606,1740422606) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740422606
      2.25msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316524592','/article/129969',1,1740422606,1740422606)
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316524592 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316524592) limit 1
      20.74msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 316524592
      • 1: 316524592
      • 2: 316524592
      • 3: 316524592
      • 4: 316524592
      • 5: 316524592
      • 6: 316524592
      • 7: 316524592
      • 8: 316524592
      • 9: 316524592
      • 10: 316524592
      • 11: 316524592
      • 12: 316524592
      • 13: 316524592
      • 14: 316524592
      • 15: 316524592
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=129969
      980μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 174 limit 1
      530μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 174
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=174) and sj.journal_id!=174 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      760μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=174) and sj.journal_id!=174 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      650μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=174) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      900μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=174) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      820μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '129969'
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 129969
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '129969'
      4.2msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 129969
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '129969' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      4.13msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 129969
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      710μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 174 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      37.41msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 174 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      4.55msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 174 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      2.29msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 129969 limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 129969
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 129969 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 214276 limit 1
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 214276
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CPRR' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      420μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CPRR
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '129969' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      510μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '13058' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      450μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '3505' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      450μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316524592 and j.to_ip >=316524592 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740422607 and j.to_date >= 1740422607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3505) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316524592 and j.to_ip >=316524592 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740422607 and j.to_date >= 1740422607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3505) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316524592 and j.to_ip >=316524592 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740422607 and j.to_date >= 1740422607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3505)
      105msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316524592 and j.to_ip >=316524592 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740422607 and j.to_date >= 1740422607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 13058) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316524592 and j.to_ip >=316524592 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740422607 and j.to_date >= 1740422607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 13058) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316524592 and j.to_ip >=316524592 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740422607 and j.to_date >= 1740422607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 13058)
      11.07msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316524592 and j.to_ip >=316524592 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740422607 and j.to_date >= 1740422607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 129969) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316524592 and j.to_ip >=316524592 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740422607 and j.to_date >= 1740422607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 129969) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316524592 and j.to_ip >=316524592 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740422607 and j.to_date >= 1740422607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 129969)
      4.4msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '152' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 13058 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      780μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 152
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '161' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 13058 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      630μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 161
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 129969 limit 1
      3.76msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 129969
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 174 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740422607 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740422607 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.57msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 174
      • 3: 1740422607
      • 4: 1740422607
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 174 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740422607 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740422607 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.55msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 174
      • 3: 1740422607
      • 4: 1740422607
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='dd21a78d424be4077916090300097cf7'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        LdrkplpNzTr86fuEwooxFDWKNmVgS6TkwtUeuo5d
        uc_cart_id
        dd21a78d424be4077916090300097cf7
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/129969" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/129969
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 24 Feb 2025 18:43:27 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlZ0bWM5ZXk4eTR2N3A3Q050Ulc5ZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidmxCWXN0N2xKRzN3N3M1aE8wdkNIRkNoaFFFT3lUa2NSWnVUbUpvanVaaTVBRzd0WVJLeHdzWWttL3cyMjVMdDkzdDZHSXUyZGRQY3lTT0V4YlpXSmRBQlFXa0hNNGVzczNNejlZOS83MDVMT3RXR3IwWjg0RXYyMWhYcE42RngiLCJtYWMiOiI2MzZiMTBlZGVjNzU0NmY2YmZkOTI4NTQ1OTMyZjY5ZWEzYmM4NjVjM2MxNDIyZGY2YTQ1MzhkNTk0ZjkwZDc0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 06:43:27 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlZ0bWM5ZXk4eTR2N3A3Q050Ulc5ZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidmxCWXN0N2xKRzN3N3M1aE8wdkNIRkNoaFFFT3lUa2NSWnVUbUpvanVaaTVBRzd0WVJLeHdzWWttL3cyMjVMdDkzdDZHS" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlZyekVYZXhaR2QrMG4xcTBpYXBoMFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaWZadVVBQzZwNTdLdi81ZVM3UHJuWEw2NzRqMEgwV05iS3BSakpGZi82SkpPck04S0NSbCs5MldoMDZRaElraWxVdHhoalo5OHpUNVdwYkhHc2tmYitmdTZ0enBsVVE0TitidVFRblZDNndKbXlZRW9mQVNmMzU2N2tvSGVpejMiLCJtYWMiOiI2MTY3Y2Y1NTQzM2U4OTk3NWM5OTM0YjNkNTY1NGMwNDU3ZmUzMWI1OTcyYTgyZjU3ZjZmNDA3MjUzZDQyNWNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlZyekVYZXhaR2QrMG4xcTBpYXBoMFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaWZadVVBQzZwNTdLdi81ZVM3UHJuWEw2NzRqMEgwV05iS3BSakpGZi82SkpPck04S0NSbCs5Mld" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlZ0bWM5ZXk4eTR2N3A3Q050Ulc5ZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidmxCWXN0N2xKRzN3N3M1aE8wdkNIRkNoaFFFT3lUa2NSWnVUbUpvanVaaTVBRzd0WVJLeHdzWWttL3cyMjVMdDkzdDZHSXUyZGRQY3lTT0V4YlpXSmRBQlFXa0hNNGVzczNNejlZOS83MDVMT3RXR3IwWjg0RXYyMWhYcE42RngiLCJtYWMiOiI2MzZiMTBlZGVjNzU0NmY2YmZkOTI4NTQ1OTMyZjY5ZWEzYmM4NjVjM2MxNDIyZGY2YTQ1MzhkNTk0ZjkwZDc0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 06:43:27 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlZ0bWM5ZXk4eTR2N3A3Q050Ulc5ZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidmxCWXN0N2xKRzN3N3M1aE8wdkNIRkNoaFFFT3lUa2NSWnVUbUpvanVaaTVBRzd0WVJLeHdzWWttL3cyMjVMdDkzdDZHS" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlZyekVYZXhaR2QrMG4xcTBpYXBoMFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaWZadVVBQzZwNTdLdi81ZVM3UHJuWEw2NzRqMEgwV05iS3BSakpGZi82SkpPck04S0NSbCs5MldoMDZRaElraWxVdHhoalo5OHpUNVdwYkhHc2tmYitmdTZ0enBsVVE0TitidVFRblZDNndKbXlZRW9mQVNmMzU2N2tvSGVpejMiLCJtYWMiOiI2MTY3Y2Y1NTQzM2U4OTk3NWM5OTM0YjNkNTY1NGMwNDU3ZmUzMWI1OTcyYTgyZjU3ZjZmNDA3MjUzZDQyNWNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlZyekVYZXhaR2QrMG4xcTBpYXBoMFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaWZadVVBQzZwNTdLdi81ZVM3UHJuWEw2NzRqMEgwV05iS3BSakpGZi82SkpPck04S0NSbCs5Mld" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "LdrkplpNzTr86fuEwooxFDWKNmVgS6TkwtUeuo5d" "uc_cart_id" => "dd21a78d424be4077916090300097cf7" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/129969" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-24 18:43:27GET/article/129969514361