Comparative Pharmacological Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines against the Variants of Concerns (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2: Recent Clinical Studies on Booster Dose

Jawad, B.; Adhikari, P.; Podgornik, R.; Ching, W.Y. Key interacting residues between RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 receptor: Combina-tion of molecular dynamics simulation and density functional calculation. J. Chem. Inf. Model., 2021, 61(9), 4425-4441.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00560] [PMID: 34428371]

Aleem, A.; Samad, A.B.A.; Slenker, A.K. Emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 and novel therapeutics against coronavirus (COVID-19); StatPearls Publishing: Florida, 2022.

Beeraka, N.M.; Sadhu, S.P.; Madhunapantula, S.V.; Rao Pragada, R.; Svistunov, A.A.; Nikolenko, V.N.; Mikhaleva, L.M.; Aliev, G. Strat-egies for targeting SARS CoV-2: Small molecule inhibitors—The current status. Front. Immunol., 2020, 11, 552925.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.552925] [PMID: 33072093]

Karnik, M.; Beeraka, N.M.; Uthaiah, C.A.; Nataraj, S.M.; Bettadapura, A.D.S.; Aliev, G.; Madhunapantula, S.V. A review on SARS-CoV-2-induced neuroinflammation, neurodevelopmental complications, and recent updates on the vaccine development. Mol. Neurobiol., 2021, 58(9), 4535-4563.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-021-02399-6] [PMID: 34089508]

Sukocheva, O.A.; Maksoud, R.; Beeraka, N.M.; Madhunapantula, S.V.; Sinelnikov, M.; Nikolenko, V.N.; Neganova, M.E.; Klochkov, S.G.; Kamal, M.A.; Staines, D.R. Analysis of post COVID-19 condition and its overlap with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Adv. Res., 2021, 40, 179-196.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.013] [PMID: 36100326]

Beeraka, N.M.; Tulimilli, S.V.; Karnik, M.; Sadhu, S.P.; Pragada, R.R.; Aliev, G.; Madhunapantula, S.V. The current status and challenges in the development of vaccines and drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Biomed Res Int, 2021, 2021, 8160860.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8160860] [PMID: 34159203]

Herrera, A.S.; Beeraka, N.M.; Sinelnikov, M.Y.; Nikolenko, V.N.; Giller, D.B.; Solis, L.F.T.; Mikhaleva, L.M.; Somasundaram, S.G.; Kirkland, C.E.; Aliev, G. The beneficial effects of QIAPI 1® against pentavalent arsenic-induced lung toxicity: A hypothetical model for SARS CoV2-I induced lung toxicity. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol., 2022, 23(2), 307-315.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201022666210412142230] [PMID: 33845734]

Beeraka, N.M.; Tulimilli, S.V.; Greeshma, M.V.; Dallavalasa, S.; Zhang, Y.; Xiao, W.; Fan, R.; Zhao, D.; Bettadapura, A.D.S.; Nataraj, S.M.; Madhunapantula, S.V.; Liu, J. COVID-19 effects on geriatric population and failures of aminoquinoline therapy: Compilation of studies from EU, USA, and China; Safety and efficacy of vaccines in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Curr. Med. Chem., 2022, 29(20), 3601-3621.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867329666220301113146] [PMID: 35232337]

Beeraka, N.M.; Sukocheva, O.A.; Lukina, E.; Liu, J.; Fan, R. Development of antibody resistance in emerging mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2: Impediment for COVID-19 vaccines. Rev. Med. Virol., 2022, 32(5), E2346.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2346] [PMID: 35416390]

Islam, S; Islam, T; Islam, MR New coronavirus variants are creating more challenges to global healthcare system: A brief report on the current knowledge. Clin Pathol, 2022, 15, 2632010X221075584.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2632010X221075584]

Crawford, K.H.D.; Eguia, R.; Dingens, A.S.; Loes, A.N.; Malone, K.D.; Wolf, C.R.; Chu, H.Y.; Tortorici, M.A.; Veesler, D.; Murphy, M.; Pettie, D.; King, N.P.; Balazs, A.B.; Bloom, J.D. Protocol and reagents for pseudotyping lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for neutralization assays. Viruses, 2020, 12(5), 513.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12050513] [PMID: 32384820]

Nie, J.; Li, Q.; Wu, J.; Zhao, C.; Hao, H.; Liu, H.; Zhang, L.; Nie, L.; Qin, H.; Wang, M.; Lu, Q.; Li, X.; Sun, Q.; Liu, J.; Fan, C.; Huang, W.; Xu, M.; Wang, Y. Establishment and validation of a pseudovirus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2. Emerg. Microbes Infect., 2020, 9(1), 680-686.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1743767] [PMID: 32207377]

Schmidt, F.; Weisblum, Y.; Muecksch, F.; Hoffmann, H.H.; Michailidis, E.; Lorenzi, J.C.C.; Mendoza, P.; Rutkowska, M.; Bednarski, E.; Gaebler, C.; Agudelo, M.; Cho, A.; Wang, Z.; Gazumyan, A.; Cipolla, M.; Caskey, M.; Robbiani, D.F.; Nussenzweig, M.C.; Rice, C.M.; Hatziioannou, T.; Bieniasz, P.D. Measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity using pseudotyped and chimeric viruses. J. Exp. Med., 2020, 217(11), E20201181.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201181] [PMID: 32692348]

Zeng, C.; Evans, J.P.; Pearson, R.; Qu, P.; Zheng, Y.M.; Robinson, R.T.; Hall-Stoodley, L.; Yount, J.; Pannu, S.; Mallampalli, R.K.; Saif, L.; Oltz, E.; Lozanski, G.; Liu, S.L. Neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike in COVID-19 patients, health care workers, and convalescent plasma donors. JCI Insight, 2020, 5(22), E143213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.143213] [PMID: 33035201]

He, X.; Hong, W.; Pan, X.; Lu, G.; Wei, X. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: Characteristics and prevention. MedComm, 2021, 2(4), 838-845.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mco2.110] [PMID: 34957469]

Roessler, A.; Riepler, L.; Bante, D.; von Laer, D.; Kimpel, J. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant (Omicron) evades neutralization by sera from vaccinated and convalescent individuals. medRxiv, 2021, 2021-12.

Zhang, X.; Wu, S.; Wu, B.; Yang, Q.; Chen, A.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Pan, T.; Zhang, H.; He, X. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain exhibits potent capabilities for immune evasion and viral entrance. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther., 2021, 6(1), 430.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00852-5] [PMID: 34921135]

Wang, Z.; Schmidt, F.; Weisblum, Y.; Muecksch, F.; Barnes, C.O.; Finkin, S.; Schaefer-Babajew, D.; Cipolla, M.; Gaebler, C.; Lieberman, J.A.; Oliveira, T.Y.; Yang, Z.; Abernathy, M.E.; Huey-Tubman, K.E.; Hurley, A.; Turroja, M.; West, K.A.; Gordon, K.; Millard, K.G.; Ramos, V.; Da Silva, J.; Xu, J.; Colbert, R.A.; Patel, R.; Dizon, J.; Unson-O’Brien, C.; Shimeliovich, I.; Gazumyan, A.; Caskey, M.; Bjorkman, P.J.; Casellas, R.; Hatziioannou, T.; Bieniasz, P.D.; Nussenzweig, M.C. mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants. Nature, 2021, 592(7855), 616-622.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03324-6] [PMID: 33567448]

WHO: DRAFT landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-COVID-19-candidate-vaccines [Accessed August 2020].

Novavax.: Novavax.. 2020. Available from: https://ir.novavax. com/news-releases/news-releasedetails/novavax-identifies-coronavirus-vaccine-candidate-accelerates [accessed 2020].

Corbett, K.S.; Flynn, B.; Foulds, K.E.; Francica, J.R.; Boyoglu-Barnum, S.; Werner, A.P.; Flach, B.; O’Connell, S.; Bock, K.W.; Minai, M.; Nagata, B.M.; Andersen, H.; Martinez, D.R.; Noe, A.T.; Douek, N.; Donaldson, M.M.; Nji, N.N.; Alvarado, G.S.; Edwards, D.K.; Flebbe, D.R.; Lamb, E.; Doria-Rose, N.A.; Lin, B.C.; Louder, M.K.; O’Dell, S.; Schmidt, S.D.; Phung, E.; Chang, L.A.; Yap, C.; Todd, J.P.M.; Pessaint, L.; Van Ry, A.; Browne, S.; Greenhouse, J.; Putman-Taylor, T.; Strasbaugh, A.; Campbell, T.A.; Cook, A.; Dodson, A.; Steingrebe, K.; Shi, W.; Zhang, Y.; Abiona, O.M.; Wang, L.; Pegu, A.; Yang, E.S.; Leung, K.; Zhou, T.; Teng, I.T.; Widge, A.; Gordon, I.; Novik, L.; Gillespie, R.A.; Loomis, R.J.; Moliva, J.I.; Stewart-Jones, G.; Himansu, S.; Kong, W.P.; Nason, M.C.; Morabito, K.M.; Ruck-wardt, T.J.; Ledgerwood, J.E.; Gaudinski, M.R.; Kwong, P.D.; Mascola, J.R.; Carfi, A.; Lewis, M.G.; Baric, R.S.; McDermott, A.; Moore, I.N.; Sullivan, N.J.; Roederer, M.; Seder, R.A.; Graham, B.S. Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, 383(16), 1544-1555.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2024671] [PMID: 32722908]

Robbiani, D.F.; Gaebler, C.; Muecksch, F.; Lorenzi, J.C.C.; Wang, Z.; Cho, A.; Agudelo, M.; Barnes, C.O.; Gazumyan, A.; Finkin, S.; Häg-glöf, T.; Oliveira, T.Y.; Viant, C.; Hurley, A.; Hoffmann, H.H.; Millard, K.G.; Kost, R.G.; Cipolla, M.; Gordon, K.; Bianchini, F.; Chen, S.T.; Ramos, V.; Patel, R.; Dizon, J.; Shimeliovich, I.; Mendoza, P.; Hartweger, H.; Nogueira, L.; Pack, M.; Horowitz, J.; Schmidt, F.; Weisblum, Y.; Michailidis, E.; Ashbrook, A.W.; Waltari, E.; Pak, J.E.; Huey-Tubman, K.E.; Koranda, N.; Hoffman, P.R.; West, A.P., Jr; Rice, C.M.; Hatziioannou, T.; Bjorkman, P.J.; Bieniasz, P.D.; Caskey, M.; Nussenzweig, M.C. Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals. Nature, 2020, 584(7821), 437-442.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2456-9] [PMID: 32555388]

Weisblum, Y.; Schmidt, F.; Zhang, F. Fuggite da anticorpi neutralizanti da varianti di proteine spike SARS-CoV-2. eLife, 2020, 9, e61312.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.61312] [PMID: 33112236]

Barnes, C.O.; Jette, C.A.; Abernathy, M.E.; Dam, K.M.A.; Esswein, S.R.; Gristick, H.B.; Malyutin, A.G.; Sharaf, N.G.; Huey-Tubman, K.E.; Lee, Y.E.; Robbiani, D.F.; Nussenzweig, M.C.; West, A.P., Jr; Bjorkman, P.J. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody structures inform therapeutic strategies. Nature, 2020, 588(7839), 682-687.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2852-1] [PMID: 33045718]

Starr, T.N.; Greaney, A.J.; Addetia, A.; Hannon, W.W.; Choudhary, M.C.; Dingens, A.S.; Li, J.Z.; Bloom, J.D. Prospective mapping of viral mutations that escape antibodies used to treat COVID-19. Science, 2021, 371(6531), 850-854.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf9302] [PMID: 33495308]

Pritchard, E.; Matthews, P.C.; Stoesser, N.; Eyre, D.W.; Gethings, O.; Vihta, K-D.; Jones, J.; House, T. Impact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United Kingdom. Nat. Med., 2021, 27(8), 1370-1378.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01410-w] [PMID: 34108716]

Levine-Tiefenbrun, M.; Yelin, I.; Katz, R.; Herzel, E.; Golan, Z.; Schreiber, L.; Wolf, T.; Nadler, V.; Ben-Tov, A.; Kuint, J.; Gazit, S.; Patalon, T.; Chodick, G.; Kishony, R. Initial report of decreased SARS-CoV-2 viral load after inoculation with the BNT162b2 vaccine. Nat. Med., 2021, 27(5), 790-792.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01316-7] [PMID: 33782619]

Singanayagam, A.; Hakki, S.; Dunning, J.; Madon, K.J.; Crone, M.A.; Koycheva, A.; Derqui-Fernandez, N.; Barnett, J.L.; Whitfield, M.G.; Varro, R.; Charlett, A.; Kundu, R.; Fenn, J.; Cutajar, J.; Quinn, V.; Conibear, E.; Barclay, W.; Freemont, P.S.; Taylor, G.P.; Ahmad, S.A.; Lackenby, A. Community transmission and viral load kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B. 1.617. 2) variant in vaccinated and unvac-cinated individuals in the UK: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2022, 22(2), 183-195.
[PMID: 34756186]

Chia, P.Y.; Ong, S.W.X.; Chiew, C.J.; Ang, L.W.; Chavatte, J-M.; Mak, T-M.; Cui, L.; Kalimuddin, S.; Chia, W.N.; Tan, C.W.; Chai, L.Y.A.; Tan, S.W.; Zheng, S.; Lin, R.T.P.; Wang, L.; Leo, Y.S.; Lee, V.J.; Lyc, D.C.; Young, B.E. Virological and serological kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant vaccine-breakthrough infections: A multi-center cohort study. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 2022, 28(4), 612-E1.
[PMID: 34826623]

Eyre, D.W.; Taylor, D.; Purver, M.; Chapman, D.; Fowler, T.; Pouwels, K.B.; Walker, A.S.; Peto, T.E.A. Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on transmission of alpha and delta variants. N. Engl. J. Med., 2022, 386(8), 744-756.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2116597] [PMID: 34986294]

Chemaitelly, H.; Yassine, H.M.; Benslimane, F.M.; Al Khatib, H.A.; Tang, P.; Hasan, M.R.; Malek, J.A.; Coyle, P.; Ayoub, H.H.; Al Ka-naani, Z.; Al Kuwari, E.; Jeremijenko, A.; Kaleeckal, A.H.; Latif, A.N.; Shaik, R.M.; Abdul Rahim, H.F.; Nasrallah, G.K.; Al Kuwari, M.G.; Al Romaihi, H.E.; Al-Thani, M.H.; Al Khal, A.; Butt, A.A.; Bertollini, R.; Abu-Raddad, L.J. mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effec-tiveness against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants and severe COVID-19 disease in Qatar. Nat. Med., 2021, 27(9), 1614-1621.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01446-y] [PMID: 34244681]

Seppälä, E.; Veneti, L.; Starrfelt, J.; Danielsen, A.S.; Bragstad, K.; Hungnes, O.; Taxt, A.M.; Watle, S.V.; Meijerink, H. Vaccine effective-ness against infection with the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant, Norway, April to August 2021. Euro Surveill., 2021, 26(35), 2100793.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.35.2100793] [PMID: 34477054]

Skowronski, D.M.; Setayeshgar, S.; Zou, M.; Prystajecky, N.; Tyson, J.R.; Galanis, E.; Naus, M.; Patrick, D.M.; Sbihi, H.; El Adam, S. Single-dose mRNA vaccine effectiveness against SARSCoV-2, including, 1. medRxiv, 2021, 2021-06..

Abu-Raddad, L.J.; Chemaitelly, H.; Butt, A.A. Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Vari-ants. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 385(2), 187-189.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2104974] [PMID: 33951357]

Hall, V.J.; Foulkes, S.; Saei, A.; Andrews, N.; Oguti, B.; Charlett, A.; Wellington, E.; Stowe, J.; Gillson, N.; Atti, A.; Islam, J.; Karagiannis, I.; Munro, K.; Khawam, J.; Chand, M.A.; Brown, C.S.; Ramsay, M.; Lopez-Bernal, J.; Hopkins, S.; Andrews, N.; Atti, A.; Aziz, H.; Brooks, T.; Brown, C.S.; Camero, D.; Carr, C.; Chand, M.A.; Charlett, A.; Crawford, H.; Cole, M.; Conneely, J.; D’Arcangelo, S.; Ellis, J.; Evans, S.; Foulkes, S.; Gillson, N.; Gopal, R.; Hall, L.; Hall, V.J.; Harrington, P.; Hopkins, S.; Hewson, J.; Hoschler, K.; Ironmonger, D.; Islam, J.; Kall, M.; Karagiannis, I.; Kay, O.; Khawam, J.; King, E.; Kirwan, P.; Kyffin, R.; Lackenby, A.; Lattimore, M.; Linley, E.; Lopez-Bernal, J.; Mabey, L.; McGregor, R.; Miah, S.; Monk, E.J.M.; Munro, K.; Naheed, Z.; Nissr, A.; O’Connell, A.M.; Oguti, B.; Okafor, H.; Organ, S.; Osbourne, J.; Otter, A.; Patel, M.; Platt, S.; Pople, D.; Potts, K.; Ramsay, M.; Robotham, J.; Rokadiya, S.; Rowe, C.; Saei, A.; Sebbage, G.; Semper, A.; Shrotri, M.; Simmons, R.; Soriano, A.; Staves, P.; Taylor, S.; Taylor, A.; Tengbe, A.; Tonge, S.; Vusirikala, A.; Wallace, S.; Wellington, E.; Zambon, M.; Corrigan, D.; Sartaj, M.; Cromey, L.; Campbell, S.; Braithwaite, K.; Price, L.; Haahr, L.; Stewart, S.; Lacey, E.D.; Partridge, L.; Stevens, G.; Ellis, Y.; Hodgson, H.; Norman, C.; Lacey, E.D.; Larru, B.; Mcwilliam, S.; Roynon, A.; North-field, J.; Winchester, S.; Cieciwa, P.; Pai, A.; Bakker, P.; Loughrey, C.; Watt, A.; Adair, F.; Hawkins, A.; Grant, A.; Temple-Purcell, R.; Howard, J.; Slawson, N.; Subudhi, C.; Davies, S.; Bexley, A.; Penn, R.; Wong, N.; Boyd, G.; Rajgopal, A.; Arenas-Pinto, A.; Matthews, R.; Whileman, A.; Laugharne, R.; Ledger, J.; Barnes, T.; Jones, C.; Osuji, N.; Chitalia, N.; Bailey, T.; Akhtar, S.; Harrison, G.; Horne, S.; Walker, N.; Agwuh, K.; Maxwell, V.; Graves, J.; Williams, S.; O’Kelly, A.; Ridley, P.; Cowley, A.; Johnstone, H.; Swift, P.; Democratis, J.; Meda, M.; Brake, S.; Gunn, J.; Selassi, A.; Hams, S.; Irvine, V.; Chandrasekaran, B.; Forsyth, C.; Radmore, J.; Thomas, C.; Brown, K.; Roberts, S.; Burns, P.; Gajee, K.; Lewis, T.; Byrne, T.M.; Sanderson, F.; Knight, S.; Macnaughton, E.; Burton, B.J.L.; Smith, H.; Chaudhuri, R.; Aeron-Thomas, J.; Hollinshead, K.; Shorten, R.J.; Swan, A.; Shorten, R.J.; Favager, C.; Murira, J.; Baillon, S.; Hamer, S.; Shah, A.; Russell, J.; Brennan, D.; Dave, A.; Chawla, A.; Westwell, F.; Adeboyeku, D.; Papineni, P.; Pegg, C.; Williams, M.; Ahmad, S.; Horsley, A.; Gabriel, C.; Pagget, K.; Cieciwa, P.; Maloney, G.; Ashcroft, J.; Del Rosario, I.; Crosby-Nwaobi, R.; Flanagan, D.; Dhasmana, D.; Fowler, S.; Cameron, E.; Prentice, L.; Sinclair, C.; Irvine, V.; Bateman, V.; McLelland-Brooks, K.; Ho, A.; Murphy, M.; Cochrane, A.; Gibson, A.; Patel, M.; Black, K.; Tempeton, K.; Donaldson, S.; Coke, L.; Elumogo, N.; Elliott, J.; Padgett, D.; Cross, A.; Mirfenderesky, M.; Joyce, S.; Sinanovic, I.; Howard, M.; Lewis, T.; Cowling, P.; Brazil, M.; Hanna, E.; Abdelrazik, A.; Brand, S.; Sheridan, E.A.; Wad-ams, B.; Lloyd, A.; Mouland, J.; Giles, J.; Pottinger, G.; Coles, H.; Joseph, M.; Lee, M.; Orr, S.; Chenoweth, H.; Browne, D.; Auckland, C.; Lear, R.; Mahungu, T.; Rodger, A.; Warren, S.; Brooking, D.; Pai, S.; Druyeh, R.; Smith, E.; Stone, S.; Meisner, S.; Delgado, D.; Underhill, E.; Keen, L.; Aga, M.; Domingos, P.; Gormley, S.; Kerrison, C.; Birch, S.; DeSilva, T.; Allsop, L.; Ambalkar, S.; Beekes, M.; Jose, S.; Tomlinson, J.; Painter, S.; Price, C.; Pepperell, J.; James, K.; Trinick, T.; Moore, L.; Day, J.; Boulos, A.; Knox, I.; Defever, E.; McCracken, D.; Brown, K.; Gray, K.; Houston, A.; Planche, T.; Pritchard Jones, R.; Wycherley, D.; Bennett, S.; Marrs, J.; Nimako, K.; Stewart, B.; Bain, S.C.; Kalakonda, N.; Khanduri, S.; Ashby, A.; Holden, M.; Mahabir, N.; Harwood, J.; Payne, B.; Court, K.; White, N.; Longfellow, R.; Hughes, L.E.; Green, M.E.; Halkes, M.; Mercer, P.; Roebuck, A.; Wilson-Davies, E.; Gallego, L.; Lazarus, R.; Aldridge, N.; Berry, L.; Game, F.; Reynolds, T.; Holmes, C.; Wiselka, M.; Higham, A.; Booth, M.; Duff, C.; Alderton, J.; Hilton, D.; Powell, J.; Jackson, A.; Plant, A.J.; Ahmed, N.; Chin, T.; Qazzafi, M.Z.; Moody, A.M.; Tilley, R.E.; Donaghy, T.; O’Kane, M.; Shipman, K.; Sierra, R.; Parmar, C.; Mills, G.; Harvey, D.; Huang, Y.W.J.; Birch, J.; Robinson, L.; Board, S.; Broadley, A.; Laven, C.; Todd, N.; Eyre, D.W.; Jeffery, K.; Dunachie, S.; Duncan, C.; Klenerman, P.; Turtle, L.; Baxendale, H.; Heeney, J.L. COVID-19 vaccine coverage in health-care workers in England and effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against infection (SIREN): A prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet, 2021, 397(10286), 1725-1735.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00790-X] [PMID: 33901423]

Dagan, N.; Barda, N.; Kepten, E.; Miron, O.; Perchik, S.; Katz, M.A.; Hernán, M.A.; Lipsitch, M.; Reis, B.; Balicer, R.D. BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a nationwide mass vaccination setting. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 384(15), 1412-1423.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2101765] [PMID: 33626250]

Haas, E.J.; Angulo, F.J.; McLaughlin, J.M.; Anis, E.; Singer, S.R.; Khan, F.; Brooks, N.; Smaja, M.; Mircus, G.; Pan, K.; Southern, J.; Swerdlow, D.L.; Jodar, L.; Levy, Y.; Alroy-Preis, S. Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infec-tions and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: An observational study using national surveillance data. Lancet, 2021, 397(10287), 1819-1829.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00947-8] [PMID: 33964222]

Bernal, J.L.; Andrews, N.; Gower, C.; Gallagher, E.; Simmons, R.; Thelwall, S.; Stowe, J.; Tessier, E.; Groves, N.; Dabrera, G. Effective-ness of COVID-19 vaccines against the B. 1.617. 2 (Delta) variant. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 385(7), 585-594.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2108891] [PMID: 34289274]

Bernal, JL; Andrews, N; Gower, C; Robertson, C; Stowe, J; Tessier, E; Simmons, R; Cottrell, S; Roberts, R; O’Doherty, M Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: Test negative case-control study. bmj, 2021, 373, n1088.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1088] [PMID: 33985964]

Nasreen, S.; Chung, H.; He, S.; Brown, K.A.; Gubbay, J.B.; Buchan, S.A.; Fell, D.B.; Austin, P.C.; Schwartz, K.L.; Sundaram, M.E. Effec-tiveness of mRNA and ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes with variants of concern in Ontario. medRxiv, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.28.21259420]

Kissling, E.; Hooiveld, M.; Sandonis Martín, V.; Martínez-Baz, I.; William, N.; Vilcu, A.M.; Mazagatos, C.; Domegan, L.; de Lusignan, S.; Meijer, A.; Machado, A.; Brytting, M.; Casado, I.; Murray, J.L.K.; Belhillil, S.; Larrauri, A.; O’Donnell, J.; Tsang, R.; de Lange, M.; Ro-drigues, A.P.; Riess, M.; Castilla, J.; Hamilton, M.; Falchi, A.; Pozo, F.; Dunford, L.; Cogdale, J.; Jansen, T.; Guiomar, R.; Enkirch, T.; Burgui, C.; Sigerson, D.; Blanchon, T.; Martínez Ochoa, E.M.; Connell, J.; Ellis, J.; van Gageldonk-Lafeber, R.; Kislaya, I.; Rose, A.M.C.; Valenciano, M. Vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults aged 65 years and older in primary care: I-MOVE-COVID-19 project, Europe, December 2020 to May 2021. Euro Surveill., 2021, 26(29), 2100670.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.29.2100670] [PMID: 34296676]

Shrotri, M.; Krutikov, M.; Palmer, T.; Giddings, R.; Azmi, B.; Subbarao, S.; Fuller, C.; Irwin-Singer, A.; Davies, D.; Tut, G.; Lopez Bernal, J.; Moss, P.; Hayward, A.; Copas, A.; Shallcross, L. Vaccine effectiveness of the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of long-term care facilities in England (VIVALDI): A prospective cohort study. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2021, 21(11), 1529-1538.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00289-9] [PMID: 34174193]

Emary, K.R.W.; Golubchik, T.; Aley, P.K.; Ariani, C.V.; Angus, B.; Bibi, S.; Blane, B.; Bonsall, D.; Cicconi, P.; Charlton, S.; Clutterbuck, E.A.; Collins, A.M.; Cox, T.; Darton, T.C.; Dold, C.; Douglas, A.D.; Duncan, C.J.A.; Ewer, K.J.; Flaxman, A.L.; Faust, S.N.; Ferreira, D.M.; Feng, S.; Finn, A.; Folegatti, P.M.; Fuskova, M.; Galiza, E.; Goodman, A.L.; Green, C.M.; Green, C.A.; Greenland, M.; Hallis, B.; Heath, P.T.; Hay, J.; Hill, H.C.; Jenkin, D.; Kerridge, S.; Lazarus, R.; Libri, V.; Lillie, P.J.; Ludden, C.; Marchevsky, N.G.; Minassian, A.M.; McGregor, A.C.; Mujadidi, Y.F.; Phillips, D.J.; Plested, E.; Pollock, K.M.; Robinson, H.; Smith, A.; Song, R.; Snape, M.D.; Suther-land, R.K.; Thomson, E.C.; Toshner, M.; Turner, D.P.J.; Vekemans, J.; Villafana, T.L.; Williams, C.J.; Hill, A.V.S.; Lambe, T.; Gilbert, S.C.; Voysey, M.; Ramasamy, M.N.; Pollard, A.J. Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/01 (B.1.1.7): An exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2021, 397(10282), 1351-1362.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00628-0] [PMID: 33798499]

Chung, H; He, S; Nasreen, S; Sundaram, ME; Buchan, SA; Wilson, SE; Chen, B; Calzavara, A; Fell, DB; Austin, PC Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes in Ontar-io, Canada: Test negative design study. BMJ, 2021, 374, n1943.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1943] [PMID: 34417165]

Yassi, A.; Grant, J.M.; Lockhart, K.; Barker, S.; Sprague, S.; Okpani, A.I.; Wong, T.; Daly, P.; Henderson, W.; Lubin, S.; Kim Sing, C. Infection control, occupational and public health measures including mRNA-based vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infections to protect healthcare workers from variants of concern: A 14-month observational study using surveillance data. PLoS One, 2021, 16(7), e0254920.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254920] [PMID: 34270608]

Charmet, T.; Schaeffer, L.; Grant, R.; Galmiche, S.; Chény, O.; Von Platen, C.; Maurizot, A.; Rogoff, A.; Omar, F.; David, C.; Septfons, A.; Cauchemez, S.; Gaymard, A.; Lina, B.; Lefrancois, L.H.; Enouf, V.; van der Werf, S.; Mailles, A.; Levy-Bruhl, D.; Carrat, F.; Fontanet, A. Impact of original, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351/P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineages on vaccine effectiveness of two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Results from a nationwide case-control study in France. Lancet Reg. Health Eur., 2021, 8, 100171.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100171] [PMID: 34278372]

Madhi, S.A.; Baillie, V.; Cutland, C.L.; Voysey, M.; Koen, A.L.; Fairlie, L.; Padayachee, S.D.; Dheda, K.; Barnabas, S.L.; Bhorat, Q.E.; Briner, C.; Kwatra, G.; Ahmed, K.; Aley, P.; Bhikha, S.; Bhiman, J.N.; Bhorat, A.E.; du Plessis, J.; Esmail, A.; Groenewald, M.; Horne, E.; Hwa, S.H.; Jose, A.; Lambe, T.; Laubscher, M.; Malahleha, M.; Masenya, M.; Masilela, M.; McKenzie, S.; Molapo, K.; Moultrie, A.; Oelofse, S.; Patel, F.; Pillay, S.; Rhead, S.; Rodel, H.; Rossouw, L.; Taoushanis, C.; Tegally, H.; Thombrayil, A.; van Eck, S.; Wibmer, C.K.; Durham, N.M.; Kelly, E.J.; Villafana, T.L.; Gilbert, S.; Pollard, A.J.; de Oliveira, T.; Moore, P.L.; Sigal, A.; Izu, A. Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 vaccine against the B. 1.351 variant. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 384(20), 1885-1898.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2102214] [PMID: 33725432]

Tang, P.; Hasan, M.R.; Chemaitelly, H.; Yassine, H.M.; Benslimane, F.M.; Al Khatib, H.A.; AlMukdad, S.; Coyle, P.; Ayoub, H.H.; Al Kanaani, Z.; Al Kuwari, E.; Jeremijenko, A.; Kaleeckal, A.H.; Latif, A.N.; Shaik, R.M.; Abdul Rahim, H.F.; Nasrallah, G.K.; Al Kuwari, M.G.; Al Romaihi, H.E.; Butt, A.A.; Al-Thani, M.H.; Al Khal, A.; Bertollini, R.; Abu-Raddad, L.J. BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Qatar. Nat. Med., 2021, 27(12), 2136-2143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01583-4] [PMID: 34728831]

Fowlkes, A.; Gaglani, M.; Groover, K.; Thiese, M.S.; Tyner, H.; Ellingson, K. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among frontline workers before and during B. 1.617. 2 (Delta) variant predominance-eight US locations, December 2020-August 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 2021, 70(34), 1167-1169.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7034e4] [PMID: 34437521]

Bruxvoort, K.J.; Sy, L.S.; Qian, L.; Ackerson, B.K.; Luo, Y.; Lee, G.S.; Tian, Y.; Florea, A.; Aragones, M.; Tubert, J.E.; Takhar, H.S.; Ku, J.H.; Paila, Y.D.; Talarico, C.A.; Tseng, H.F. Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against delta, mu, and other emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2: Test negative case-control study. BMJ, 2021, 375, e068848.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-068848] [PMID: 34911691]

Tartof, S.Y.; Slezak, J.M.; Fischer, H.; Hong, V.; Ackerson, B.K.; Ranasinghe, O.N.; Frankland, T.B.; Ogun, O.A.; Zamparo, J.M.; Gray, S.; Valluri, S.R.; Pan, K.; Angulo, F.J.; Jodar, L.; McLaughlin, J.M. Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated health system in the USA: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet, 2021, 398(10309), 1407-1416.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02183-8] [PMID: 34619098]

Kshetrapal, P.; Pandey, R.; Scaria, V.; Malik, P.K.; Taneja, J.; Binayke, A.; Vohra, T.; Zaheer, A.; Rathore, D.; Khan, N.A.; Shaman, H.; Ahmed, S.; Kumar, R.; Deshpande, S.; Subramani, C.; Wadhwa, N.; Gupta, N.; Pandey, A.K.; Bhattacharya, J.; Agrawal, A.; Vrati, S.; Bhatnagar, S.; Garg, P.K. Cellular immune responses are preserved and may contribute to Chadox1 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine effectiveness against infection due to SARSCoV-2 B• 1• 617• 2 delta variant despite reduced virus neutralisation. 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3884946]

Li, X.N.; Huang, Y.; Wang, W.; Jing, Q.L.; Zhang, C.H.; Qin, P.Z.; Guan, W.J.; Gan, L.; Li, Y.L.; Liu, W.H.; Dong, H.; Miao, Y.T.; Fan, S.J.; Zhang, Z.B.; Zhang, D.M.; Zhong, N.S. Effectiveness of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against the Delta variant infection in Guangzhou: A test-negative case-control real-world study. Emerg. Microbes Infect., 2021, 10(1), 1751-1759.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1969291] [PMID: 34396940]

Hitchings, M.D.T.; Ranzani, O.T.; Dorion, M.; D’Agostini, T.L.; de Paula, R.C.; de Paula, O.F.P.; de Moura Villela, E.F.; Torres, M.S.S.; de Oliveira, S.B.; Schulz, W.; Almiron, M.; Said, R.; de Oliveira, R.D.; Silva, P.V.; de Araújo, W.N.; Gorinchteyn, J.C.; Andrews, J.R.; Cummings, D.A.T.; Ko, A.I.; Croda, J. Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 vaccine in older adults during SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant circulation in São Paulo. Nat. Commun., 2021, 12(1), 6220.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26459-6] [PMID: 34711813]

Hitchings, M.D.T.; Ranzani, O.T.; Torres, M.S.S.; de Oliveira, S.B.; Almiron, M.; Said, R.; Borg, R.; Schulz, W.L.; de Oliveira, R.D.; da Silva, P.V.; de Castro, D.B.; Sampaio, V.S.; de Albuquerque, B.C.; Ramos, T.C.A.; Fraxe, S.H.H.; da Costa, C.F.; Naveca, F.G.; Siqueira, A.M.; de Araújo, W.N.; Andrews, J.R.; Cummings, D.A.T.; Ko, A.I.; Croda, J. Effectiveness of CoronaVac among healthcare workers in the setting of high SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant transmission in Manaus, Brazil: A test-negative case-control study. Lancet Reg Health Am, 2021, 1, 100025.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2021.100025] [PMID: 34386791]

Ranzani, OT; Hitchings, MD; Dorion, M; D’Agostini, TL; de Paula, RC; de Paula, OFP; de Moura Villela, EF; Torres, MSS; de Oliveira, SB; Schulz, W Effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in older adults during a gamma variant associated epidemic of COVID-19 in Bra-zil: Test negative case-control study. BMJ, 2021, 374, n2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2015]

Tseng, H.F.; Ackerson, B.K.; Luo, Y.; Sy, L.S.; Talarico, C.A.; Tian, Y.; Bruxvoort, K.J.; Tubert, J.E.; Florea, A.; Ku, J.H.; Lee, G.S.; Choi, S.K.; Takhar, H.S.; Aragones, M.; Qian, L. Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants. Nat. Med., 2022, 28(5), 1063-1071.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01753-y] [PMID: 35189624]

Simons, D.; Blomquist, P.B.; Zaidi, A.; Nash, S.; Aziz, N.I.B.A.; Thelwall, S.; Dabrera, G.; Myers, R.; Amirthalingam, G.; Gharbia, S.; Barrett, J.C.; Elson, R.; Ladhani, S.N.; Ferguson, N.; Zambon, M.; Campbell, C.N.J.; Brown, K.; Hopkins, S.; Chand, M.; Ramsay, M.; Ber-nal, J.L. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron (B. 1.1. 529) variant of concern. MedRxiv, 2021, 2021-12.

Menni, C.; May, A.; Polidori, L.; Louca, P.; Wolf, J.; Capdevila, J.; Hu, C.; Ourselin, S.; Steves, C.J.; Valdes, A.M.; Spector, T.D. COVID-19 vaccine waning and effectiveness and side-effects of boosters: A prospective community study from the ZOE COVID Study. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2022, 22(7), 1002-1010.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00146-3] [PMID: 35405090]

Edara, V.V.; Manning, K.E.; Ellis, M.; Lai, L.; Moore, K.M.; Foster, S.L.; Floyd, K.; Davis-Gardner, M.E.; Mantus, G.; Nyhoff, L.E.; Bechnak, S.; Alaaeddine, G.; Naji, A.; Samaha, H.; Lee, M.; Bristow, L.; Gagne, M.; Roberts-Torres, J.; Henry, A.R.; Godbole, S.; Grakoui, A.; Saxton, M.; Piantadosi, A.; Waggoner, J.J.; Douek, D.C.; Rouphael, N.; Wrammert, J.; Suthar, M.S. mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. Cell Rep. Med., 2022, 3(2), 100529.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100529] [PMID: 35233550]

Garcia-Beltran, WF; Denis, KJS; Hoelzemer, A; Lam, EC; Nitido, AD; Sheehan, ML; Berrios, C; Ofoman, O; Chang, CC; Hauser, BM mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine boosters induce neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Cell, 2022, 185(3), 457-466.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.033] [PMID: 34995482]

Chenchula, S.; Karunakaran, P.; Sharma, S.; Chavan, M. Current evidence on efficacy of COVID-19 booster dose vaccination against the Omicron variant: A systematic review. J. Med. Virol., 2022, 94(7), 2969-2976.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27697] [PMID: 35246846]

Suntronwong, N.; Kanokudom, S.; Auphimai, C.; Assawakosri, S.; Thongmee, T.; Vichaiwattana, P.; Duangchinda, T.; Chantima, W.; Pakchotanon, P.; Chansaenroj, J.; Puenpa, J.; Nilyanimit, P.; Srimuan, D.; Thatsanatorn, T.; Sudhinaraset, N.; Wanlapakorn, N.; Mongkolsapaya, J.; Poovorawan, Y. Effects of boosted mRNA and adenoviral-vectored vaccines on immune responses to omicron BA.1 and BA.2 following the heterologous CoronaVac/AZD1222 vaccination. J. Med. Virol., 2022, 94(12), 5713-5722.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28044] [PMID: 35924475]

Collie, S.; Champion, J.; Moultrie, H.; Bekker, L-G.; Gray, G. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine against omicron variant in South Afri-ca. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 386(5), 494-496.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2119270] [PMID: 34965358]

Schmidt, F.; Muecksch, F.; Weisblum, Y.; Da Silva, J.; Bednarski, E.; Cho, A.; Wang, Z.; Gaebler, C.; Caskey, M.; Nussenzweig, M.C. Plasma neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 386(6), 599-601.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2119641] [PMID: 35030645]

Gaebler, C.; Wang, Z.; Lorenzi, J.C.C.; Muecksch, F.; Finkin, S.; Tokuyama, M.; Cho, A.; Jankovic, M.; Schaefer-Babajew, D.; Oliveira, T.Y.; Cipolla, M.; Viant, C.; Barnes, C.O.; Bram, Y.; Breton, G.; Hägglöf, T.; Mendoza, P.; Hurley, A.; Turroja, M.; Gordon, K.; Millard, K.G.; Ramos, V.; Schmidt, F.; Weisblum, Y.; Jha, D.; Tankelevich, M.; Martinez-Delgado, G.; Yee, J.; Patel, R.; Dizon, J.; Unson-O’Brien, C.; Shimeliovich, I.; Robbiani, D.F.; Zhao, Z.; Gazumyan, A.; Schwartz, R.E.; Hatziioannou, T.; Bjorkman, P.J.; Mehandru, S.; Bieniasz, P.D.; Caskey, M.; Nussenzweig, M.C. Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Nature, 2021, 591(7851), 639-644.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03207-w] [PMID: 33461210]

Wang, Z.; Muecksch, F.; Schaefer-Babajew, D.; Finkin, S.; Viant, C.; Gaebler, C.; Hoffmann, H.H.; Barnes, C.O.; Cipolla, M.; Ramos, V.; Oliveira, T.Y.; Cho, A.; Schmidt, F.; Da Silva, J.; Bednarski, E.; Aguado, L.; Yee, J.; Daga, M.; Turroja, M.; Millard, K.G.; Jankovic, M.; Gazumyan, A.; Zhao, Z.; Rice, C.M.; Bieniasz, P.D.; Caskey, M.; Hatziioannou, T.; Nussenzweig, M.C. Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection. Nature, 2021, 595(7867), 426-431.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03696-9] [PMID: 34126625]

Naranbhai, V; Denis, KJS; Lam, EC; Ofoman, O; Garcia-Beltran, WF; Mairena, CB; Bhan, AK; Gainor, JF; Balazs, AB; Iafrate, AJ Neutralization breadth of SARS-CoV-2 viral variants following primary series and booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer. Cancer Cell, 2022, 40(1), 103-108.e102.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2021.12.002]

Andrews, N.; Stowe, J.; Kirsebom, F.; Toffa, S.; Sachdeva, R.; Gower, C.; Ramsay, M.; Lopez Bernal, J. Effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccines against COVID-19-related symptoms, hospitalization and death in England. Nat. Med., 2022, 28(4), 831-837.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01699-1] [PMID: 35045566]

Vadrevu, K.M.; Ganneru, B.; Reddy, S.; Jogdand, H.; Raju, D.; Sapkal, G.; Yadav, P.; Reddy, P.; Verma, S.; Singh, C.; Redkar, S.V.; Gil-lurkar, C.S.; Kushwaha, J.S.; Mohapatra, S.; Bhate, A.; Rai, S.K.; Ella, R.; Abraham, P.; Prasad, S.; Ella, K. Persistence of immunity and impact of third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against emerging variants. Sci. Rep., 2022, 12(1), 12038.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16097-3] [PMID: 35835822]

Terpos, E.; Karalis, V.; Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, I.; Evangelakou, Z.; Gavriatopoulou, M.; Manola, M.S.; Malandrakis, P.; Gianniou, D.D.; Kastritis, E.; Trougakos, I.P.; Dimopoulos, M.A. Comparison of neutralizing antibody responses at 6 months post vaccination with BNT162b2 and AZD1222. Biomedicines, 2022, 10(2), 338.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020338] [PMID: 35203547]

Wald, A. Booster vaccination to reduce SARS-COV-2 transmission and infection. JAMA, 2022, 327(4), 327-328.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.23726] [PMID: 35006269]

Nemet, I.; Kliker, L.; Lustig, Y.; Zuckerman, N.; Erster, O.; Cohen, C.; Kreiss, Y.; Alroy-Preis, S.; Regev-Yochay, G.; Mendelson, E. Third BNT162b2 vaccination neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 386(5), 492-494.
[PMID: 34965337]

Bar-On, Y.M.; Goldberg, Y.; Mandel, M.; Bodenheimer, O.; Freedman, L.; Kalkstein, N.; Mizrahi, B.; Alroy-Preis, S.; Ash, N.; Milo, R.; Huppert, A. Protection of BNT162b2 vaccine booster against COVID-19 in Israel. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 385(15), 1393-1400.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255] [PMID: 34525275]

Falsey, A.R.; Frenck, R.W., Jr; Walsh, E.E.; Kitchin, N.; Absalon, J.; Gurtman, A.; Lockhart, S.; Bailey, R.; Swanson, K.A.; Xu, X.; Koury, K.; Kalina, W.; Cooper, D.; Zou, J.; Xie, X.; Xia, H.; Türeci, Ö.; Lagkadinou, E.; Tompkins, K.R.; Shi, P.Y.; Jansen, K.U.; Şahin, U.; Dormitzer, P.R.; Gruber, W.C. SARS-CoV-2 neutralization with BNT162b2 vaccine dose 3. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 385(17), 1627-1629.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2113468] [PMID: 34525276]