Abstract
Background: Rapidly dissolving oral strips have many advantages, especially in pediatric and geriatric use. Benzydamine hydrochloride is an active substance with local analgesic, anesthetic, antimicrobial and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory properties.
Objective: The aim of the study was to formulate and characterize orally dispersible benzydamine hydrochloride- loaded fast dissolving oral strips for the sufficient treatment of oral mucositis with high loading capacity as well as high patient compliance considering ease of use.
Methods: Oral strips were prepared by solvent casting method with many different polymer combinations and evaluated for different characteristics. In vitro and ex vivo characterizations were performed.
Results: In appearance oral strips were smooth and they were also uniform in thickness and weight. The release rates of the active agent from oral strips reached 100% within 25 minutes. The disintegration time was within the range of 15.5 ± 1.2 seconds. Due to ex vivo permeation studies steady-state flux of benzydamine hydrochloride in simulated saliva and pH 6.8 were found to be 27.1 μg cm−2 h−1 ± 1.4 and 26.2 μg cm−2 h−1 ± 1.7, respectively. No significant difference (p˃0.05) in permeability studies was observed using pH 6.8 phosphate buffer compared to simulated saliva.
Conclusion: Active agent was successfully loaded into the strips and the targeted system was successfully performed. Benzydamine hydrochloride as oral strips can be a better solution for the efficient treatment of oral mucositis for cancer patients during chemotherapy and radiotherapy stages.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Naidu, M.U.R.; Ramana, G.V.; Rani, P.U.; Mohan, K.; Suman, A.; Roy, P. Chemotherapy-induced and/or radiation therapy-induced oral mucositis complicating the treatment of cancer. Neoplasia, 2004, 6(5), 423-431.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1593/neo.04169] [PMID: 15548350]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1593/neo.04169] [PMID: 15548350]
[2]
Lyu, M.; Shen, Y.; Beharee, N.; Lu, J.; Deng, F.; Wang, J. The combined use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy with pd-1 inhibitor, pembrolizumab, in advanced cervical cancer: A case report. OncoTargets Ther., 2020, 13, 4465-4471.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S245190] [PMID: 32547077]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S245190] [PMID: 32547077]
[3]
Cardoso, L.M.; Pansani, T.N.; Hebling, J.; de Souza, C.C.A.; Basso, F.G. Chemotherapy drugs and inflammatory cytokines enhance matrix metalloproteinases expression by oral mucosa cells. Arch. Oral Biol., 2021, 127, 105159.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105159] [PMID: 34022544]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105159] [PMID: 34022544]
[4]
Raber-Durlacher, J.E.; Elad, S.; Barasch, A. Oral mucositis. Oral Oncol., 2010, 46(6), 452-456.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.03.012] [PMID: 20403721]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.03.012] [PMID: 20403721]
[5]
Erden, Y.; Ipek Coban, G. Improvement of the comfort perception scale in oral mucositis. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., 2021, 51(11), 1636-1642.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyab136] [PMID: 34414443]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyab136] [PMID: 34414443]
[6]
Correa, M.E.P.; Cheng, K.K.F.; Chiang, K.; Kandwal, A.; Loprinzi, C.L.; Mori, T.; Potting, C.; Rouleau, T.; Toro, J.J.; Ranna, V.; Vaddi, A.; Peterson, D.E.; Bossi, P.; Lalla, R.V.; Elad, S. Systematic review of oral cryotherapy for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients and clinical practice guidelines. Support. Care Cancer, 2020, 28(5), 2449-2456.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-019-05217-x] [PMID: 31836937]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-019-05217-x] [PMID: 31836937]
[7]
Sroussi, H.Y.; Epstein, J.B.; Bensadoun, R.J.; Saunders, D.P.; Lalla, R.V.; Migliorati, C.A.; Heaivilin, N.; Zumsteg, Z.S. Common oral complications of head and neck cancer radiation therapy: Mucositis, infections, saliva change, fibrosis, sensory dysfunctions, dental caries, periodontal disease, and osteoradionecrosis. Cancer Med., 2017, 6(12), 2918-2931.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cam4.1221] [PMID: 29071801]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cam4.1221] [PMID: 29071801]
[8]
Coracin, F.L.; da Silva Santos, P.S.; Gallottini, M.H.C.; Saboya, R.; Musqueira, P.T.; Barban, A.; de Alencar, F.C.D.; Dulley, F.L.; Nunes, F.D. Oral health as a predictive factor for oral mucositis. Clinics, 2013, 68(6), 792-796.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2013(06)11] [PMID: 23778491]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2013(06)11] [PMID: 23778491]
[9]
Sanghai, P.; Nandgude, T.; Poddar, S. Formulation of bilayer benzydamine HCl patch targeted for gingivitis. J. Drug Deliv., 2016, 2016, 7598398.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7598398] [PMID: 28127472]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7598398] [PMID: 28127472]
[10]
Dixit, R.P.; Puthli, S.P. Oral strip technology: Overview and future potential. J. Control. Release, 2009, 139(2), 94-107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.06.014] [PMID: 19559740]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.06.014] [PMID: 19559740]
[11]
Lai, F.; Franceschini, I.; Corrias, F.; Sala, M.C.; Cilurzo, F.; Sinico, C.; Pini, E. Maltodextrin fast dissolving films for quercetin nanocrystal delivery. A feasibility study. Carbohydr. Polym., 2015, 121(1), 217-223.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.070] [PMID: 25659692]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.070] [PMID: 25659692]
[12]
Squier, C.A.; Kremer, M.J. Biology of oral mucosa and esophagus. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 2001, 2001(29), a003443.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003443] [PMID: 11694559]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003443] [PMID: 11694559]
[13]
Siddiqui, N.; Garg, G.; Sharma, P.K. Fast Dissolving Tablets: Preparation, characterization and evaluation: An overview. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 2010, 4(2), 87-96.
[14]
Liew, K.B.; Tan, Y.T.F.; Peh, K.K. Effect of polymer, plasticizer and filler on orally disintegrating film. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 2014, 40(1), 110-119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2012.749889] [PMID: 23311593]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2012.749889] [PMID: 23311593]
[15]
Kat, İ; Tekin, M.; Silay, E.; Ya, C.; Co, İ Benzydamine hydrochloride EMLA for venous cannulation. Van Tip Dergisi, 2004, 11(3), 75-80.
[16]
Anand, J.S.; Lukasik-Glebocka, M.; Korolkiewicz, R.P. Recreational abuse with benzydamine hydrochloride (Tantum Rosa). Clin. Toxicol., 2007, 45(2), 198-199.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650600981210]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650600981210]
[17]
Pechová, V.; Gajdziok, J.; Muselík, J.; Vetchý, D. Development of orodispersible films containing benzydamine hydrochloride using a modified solvent casting method. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2018, 19(6), 2509-2518.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-018-1088-y] [PMID: 29948980]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-018-1088-y] [PMID: 29948980]
[18]
Rençber, S.; Karavana, S.Y.; Yilmaz, F.F.; Eraç, B.; Nenni, M.; Gurer-Orhan, H.; Limoncu, M.H.; Güneri, P.; Ertan, G. Formulation and evaluation of fluconazole loaded oral strips for local treatment of oral candidiasis. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 2019, 49, 615-621.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.12.035]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.12.035]
[19]
Dinge, A.; Nagarsenker, M. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving films for delivery of triclosan to the oral cavity. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2008, 9(2), 349-356.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-008-9047-7] [PMID: 18431674]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-008-9047-7] [PMID: 18431674]
[20]
Siddiqui, M.D.N.; Garg, G.; Sharma, P.K. A short review on “ a novel approach in oral fast dissolving drug delivery system and their patents ” conventional oral solid dosage forms (tablets, capsules) modified release tablets/capsules fast action oral solid dosage form (fast dissolving tablet. Adv. Biol. Res., 2011, 5(6), 291-303.
[21]
Saini, P.; Kumar, A.; Sharma, P.; Visht, S. Fast disint films : A recent trend of drug delivery. Inter, 2012, 4(4), 80-94.
[22]
Mahmood, S.Z.; Sabry, H.S.; Yousif, N.Z.; Salman, Z.D. Optimization and evaluation of chlorpheniramine maleate oral strip for pediatric use. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 2018, 11(12), 548-554.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28985]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28985]
[23]
Kumar, S.K.; Kumar, S.S.; Sundaramoorthy, K.; Shanmugam, S.; Vetrichelvan, T. Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of rizatriptan benzoate rapimelt tablets and oral thin films-a novel approach. RJPBCS, 2011, 2, 106-120.
[24]
Karen, H.D.; Patel, D.M.; Jasakiya, A.R.; Patel, C.N. Development of oral strip for loratadine and in vitro evaluation. Int. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2013, 2(8), 125-130.
[25]
Bala, R.; Khanna, S.; Pawar, P.; Arora, S. Orally dissolving strips: A new approach to oral drug delivery system. Int. J. Pharm. Investig., 2013, 3(2), 67-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-973X.114897] [PMID: 24015378]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-973X.114897] [PMID: 24015378]
[26]
Azarmi, S.; Roa, W.; Löbenberg, R. Current perspectives in dissolution testing of conventional and novel dosage forms. Int. J. Pharm., 2007, 328(1), 12-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.10.001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.10.001]
[27]
Yurtdaş Kirimlioğlu, G.; Öztürk, A.A. levocetirizine dihydrochloride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles: Formulation and in vitro evaluation. Turk. J. Pharmac. Sci., 2020, 17(1), 27-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.34392] [PMID: 32454757]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.34392] [PMID: 32454757]
[28]
Öztürk, A.A.; Kıyan, H.T. Treatment of oxidative stress-induced pain and inflammation with dexketoprofen trometamol loaded different molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles: Formulation, characterization and anti-inflammatory activity by using in vivo HET-CAM assay. Microvasc. Res., 2020, 128, 103961.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103961] [PMID: 31758946]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103961] [PMID: 31758946]
[29]
Öztürk, A.A.; Yenilmez, E.; Şenel, B.; Kıyan, H.T.; Güven, U.M. Effect of different molecular weight PLGA on flurbiprofen nanoparticles: formulation, characterization, cytotoxicity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect by using HET-CAM assay. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 2020, 46(4), 682-695.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2020.1755304] [PMID: 32281428]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2020.1755304] [PMID: 32281428]
[30]
Naik, P.; Shah, S.; Heaney, J.; Hanson, R.; Nagarsenker, M. Influence of test parameters on release rate of hydrocortisone from cream: Study using vertical diffusion cell. Dissolut. Technol., 2016, 23(3), 14-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14227/DT230316P14]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14227/DT230316P14]
[31]
Pund, S.; Rasve, G.; Borade, G. Ex vivo permeation characteristics of venlafaxine through sheep nasal mucosa. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2013, 48(1-2), 195-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.029] [PMID: 23159662]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.029] [PMID: 23159662]
[32]
Amores, S.; Domenech, J.; Colom, H.; Calpena, A.C.; Clares, B.; Gimeno, Á.; Lauroba, J. An improved cryopreservation method for porcine buccal mucosa in ex vivo drug permeation studies using Franz diffusion cells. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 60, 49-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2014.04.017] [PMID: 24813111]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2014.04.017] [PMID: 24813111]
[33]
Kottke, D.; Majid, H.; Breitkreutz, J.; Burckhardt, B.B. Development and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal dosage forms of lidocaine hydrochloride by ex vivo permeation studies. Int. J. Pharm., 2020, 581(581), 119293.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119293] [PMID: 32247812]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119293] [PMID: 32247812]
[34]
Shimoda, H.; Taniguchi, K.; Nishimura, M.; Matsuura, K.; Tsukioka, T.; Yamashita, H.; Inagaki, N.; Hirano, K.; Yamamoto, M.; Kinosada, Y.; Itoh, Y. Preparation of a fast dissolving oral thin film containing dexamethasone: A possible application to antiemesis during cancer chemotherapy. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2009, 73(3), 361-365.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.08.010] [PMID: 19735731]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.08.010] [PMID: 19735731]
[35]
Ullah, W.; Nawaz, A.; Akhlaq, M.; Shah, K.U.; Latif, M.S.; Doolaanea, A.A.; Alfatama, M. Transdermal delivery of gatifloxacin carboxymethyl cellulose-based patches: Preparation and characterization. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 2021, 66, 102783.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102783]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102783]
[36]
Muthukumar, S.; Ganapathy, R.S. Formulation and evaluation of hydralazine hydrochloride buccal films by solvent casting method using different polymers for the management of hypertension. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2018, 9(8), 3328-3333.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9(8).3328-33]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9(8).3328-33]
[37]
Jabir, S.A.; Sulaiman, H.T. Preparation and characterization of lafutidine as immediate release oral strip using different type of water-soluble polymer. Int. J. Appl. Pharmaceut., 2018, 10(5), 249-260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i5.28292]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i5.28292]
[38]
Alpaslan Yayli, N.Z.; Tunc, S.K.; Degirmenci, B.U.; Dikilitas, A.; Taspinar, M. Comparative evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of different oral antiseptics: A primary culture study. Niger. J. Clin. Pract., 2021, 24(3), 313-320.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_253_20] [PMID: 33723103]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_253_20] [PMID: 33723103]
[39]
Chornyi, V.; Georgiyants, V. Development and validation of the method for simultaneous determination of benzydamine hydrochloride and methylparaben in benzydamine dosage form by GC. Script. Sci. Pharm., 2019, 6(1), 37-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/ssp.v6i1.6036]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/ssp.v6i1.6036]
[40]
Vishnu, P. Formulation and Evaluvation of Fast Dissolving Films of Isosorbide Mononitrate. 2013. Available from: https://www. semanticscholar.org/paper/Formulation-and-Evaluvation-of-Fast-Dissolving-of-Vishnu/91653b3582798f2f65b82b230606abdbfd031414
[41]
Saini, S.; Samta, A.C.; Rana, G.S.; Gupta, S. Optimization of formulation of fast dissolving films made of pullulan polymer. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 2011, 9(1), 127-131.
[42]
Kalyan, S.; Bansal, M. Recent trends in the development of oral dissolving film. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res., 2012, 4(2), 725-733.
[43]
Abdelbary, A.; Bendas, E.R.; Ramadan, A.A.; Mostafa, D.A. Pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a novel fast dissolving film formulation of flupentixol dihydrochloride. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2014, 15(6), 1603-1610.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-014-0186-8] [PMID: 25142820]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-014-0186-8] [PMID: 25142820]
[44]
Lakshmi, P.K.; Sridharan, A.; Sreekanth, J. Formulation development of fast releasing oral thin films of levocetrizine dihydrochloride with Eudragit ® Epo and optimization through Taguchi orthogonal experimental design. Asian J. Pharm., 2011, 5(2), 84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.84548]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.84548]
[45]
Heer, D.; Aggarwal, G.; Kumar, S.L.H. Recent trends of fast dissolving drug delivery system-an overview of formulation technology. Pharmacophore, 2013, 4(1), 1-9.
[46]
Santosh, K.R.; Satya, Y.T.N. Oral dissolving films: An effective tool for fast therapeutic action. J. Drug Deliv. Ther., 2019, 9(1-s), 492-500.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2395]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2395]
[47]
Muzawar, H.M.; Chandur, V.K.; Shabaraya, A.R. Formulation evaluation and optimization of fast dissolving oral strips of isosorbide Mononitrate. AJPTR, 2014, 4(3), 454-471.
[48]
Irfan, M.; Rabel, S.; Bukhtar, Q.; Qadir, M.I.; Jabeen, F.; Khan, A. Orally disintegrating films: A modern expansion in drug delivery system. Saudi Pharm. J., 2016, 24(5), 537-546.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.024] [PMID: 27752225]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.024] [PMID: 27752225]
[49]
Takeuchi, Y.; Ikeda, N.; Tahara, K.; Takeuchi, H. Mechanical characteristics of orally disintegrating films: Comparison of folding endurance and tensile properties. Int. J. Pharm., 2020, 589, 119876.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119876] [PMID: 32927004]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119876] [PMID: 32927004]
[50]
Kunte, S.; Tandale, P. Fast dissolving strips: A novel approach for the delivery of verapamil. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci., 2010, 2(4), 325-328.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.72133] [PMID: 21180465]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.72133] [PMID: 21180465]
[51]
Kulkarni, A.S.; Deokule, H.A.; Mane, M.S.; Ghadge, D.M. Exploration of different polymers for use in the formulation of oral fast dissolving strips. J. Curr. Pharm. Res., 2010, 2(1), 33-35.
[52]
Khodke, V.; Yadav, S.; Sawale, A. Formulation and development of fast disintegrating oral film. World J. Pharm. Res., 2018, 7(16), 920-931.
[53]
Cilurzo, F.; Cupone, I.E.; Minghetti, P.; Buratti, S.; Gennari, C.G.M.; Montanari, L. Diclofenac fast-dissolving film: Suppression of bitterness by a taste-sensing system. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 2011, 37(3), 252-259.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2010.505928] [PMID: 20704459]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2010.505928] [PMID: 20704459]
[54]
Bhyan, B.; Jangra, S.; Kaur, M.; Singh, H. Orally fast dissolving films: Innovations in formulation and technology. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 2011, 9(2), 9-15.
[55]
Nagaraju, T.; Gowthami, R.; Rajashekar, M.; Sandeep, S.; Mallesham, M.; Sathish, D.; Shravan Kumar, Y. Comprehensive review on oral disintegrating films. Curr. Drug Deliv., 2013, 10(1), 96-108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201811310010016] [PMID: 22920576]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201811310010016] [PMID: 22920576]
[56]
Johnston, T.A. The formulation and delivery of a novel peptide drug via the buccal route by an orally disintegrating tablet. Senior Honor’s Thesis, University of North Carolina: United States, February 2017.
[57]
Adrover, A.; Varani, G.; Paolicelli, P.; Petralito, S.; Di Muzio, L.; Casadei, M.; Tho, I. Experimental and modeling study of drug release from hpmc-based erodible oral thin films. Pharmaceutics, 2018, 10(4), 222.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040222] [PMID: 30423941]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040222] [PMID: 30423941]
[58]
Reddy, P.S.; Murthy, K.V.R. Formulation and evaluation of oral fast dissolving films of poorly soluble drug ezetimibe using transcutol Hp. Ind. J. Pharmaceut. Ed. Res., 2018, 52(3), 398-407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.3.46]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.3.46]
[59]
Bourtoom, T. Plasticizer effect on the properties of biodegradable blend film from rice starch-chitosan. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2008, 30(S1), 149-165.
[60]
Kulkarni, R.; Mutalik, S.; Hiremath, D. Effect of plasticizers on the permeability and mechanical properties of Eudragit films fortransdermal application. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2002, 64(1), 28-31.
[61]
ICH Q2B validation of analytical procedures: Methodology. Eur. agency Eval. Med. Prod. Int. Comm. Harmon. London, 1996.
[62]
Sharma, D.; Hospital, C.; Garg, R. Development and validation of stability indicating UV Spectro-photometric method for the estimation of benzydamine hydrochloride in bulk and in pharmaceutical dosage form: A novel analytical technique for conducting in-vitro quality control tests. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2018, 9(2), 678-686.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9(2).678-86]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9(2).678-86]
[63]
Karavana, S.Y.; Güneri, P.; Ertan, G. Benzydamine hydrochloride buccal bioadhesive gels designed for oral ulcers: Preparation, rheological, textural, mucoadhesive and release properties. Pharm. Dev. Technol., 2009, 14(6), 623-631.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10837450902882351] [PMID: 19883251]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10837450902882351] [PMID: 19883251]
[64]
Tas, C.; Özkan, Y.; Savaser, A.; Baykara, T. In vitro release studies of chlorpheniramine maleate from gels prepared by different cellulose derivatives. Farm., 2003, 58(8), 605-611.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-827X(03)00080-6] [PMID: 12875891]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-827X(03)00080-6] [PMID: 12875891]
[65]
Bhupinder, B.; Sarita, J. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving sublingual films of rizatriptan benzoate. Int. J. Drug Dev. Res., 2012, 4(1), 133-143.
[66]
Salama, A.H.; Basha, M.; Salama, A.A.A. Micellar buccal film for safe and effective control of seizures: Preparation, in vitro characterization, ex vivo permeation studies and in vivo assessment. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2021, 166, 105978.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105978] [PMID: 34418574]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105978] [PMID: 34418574]
[67]
Peddapalli, H.; Bakshi, V.; Boggula, N. Formulation, in vitro and ex vivo characterization of mucoadhesive buccal tablets for antihypertensive drug. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 2018, 11(8), 402-411.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.26126]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.26126]
[68]
Banala, N.; Peddapalli, H.; Dudhipala, N.; Chinnala, K.M. Transmucosal delivery of duloxetine hydrochloride for prolonged release: Preparation, in vitro, ex vivo characteri-zation and in vitro-ex vivo correlation. IJPSN, 2018, 11(5), 4249-4258.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2018.11.5.5]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2018.11.5.5]
[69]
Kumar, L. Rapidly dissolving felodipine nanoparticle strips-formulation using design of experiment and characterisation. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 2020, 60, 1-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102053]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102053]
