Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) based on atherosclerosis remain the main reason for death in Western countries and China. Cardiovascular research has demonstrated that its pathogenesis is closely associated with endothelial cell (EC) injury, the phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and the abnormal biological behaviour of macrophages. In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have received much attention for their unique role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms associated with ECs, VSMCs, and macrophages in atherosclerosis and summarized the role of circRNAs in atherosclerosis. This review aims to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra043430] [PMID: 15843671]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.670639] [PMID: 34095259]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.831847] [PMID: 35402552]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.810224] [PMID: 34975507]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.748216] [PMID: 34858331]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490932] [PMID: 29949787]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14779072.2016.1207527] [PMID: 27362558]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11193066] [PMID: 36231026]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCA.0000000000000178] [PMID: 25365643]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01568] [PMID: 32038245]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030938]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3520] [PMID: 23995626]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3671] [PMID: 24854589]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091221] [PMID: 34572406]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052529] [PMID: 33802600]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.301174] [PMID: 24855200]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109-021-02109-8] [PMID: 34345929]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-020-03338-y] [PMID: 33245416]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110794] [PMID: 34087268]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apha.12466] [PMID: 25677529]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvy010] [PMID: 29514202]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11233] [PMID: 22955620]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11928] [PMID: 23446348]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41576-019-0158-7] [PMID: 31395983]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.014] [PMID: 30623853]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2018.1458173] [PMID: 29938598]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.14191] [PMID: 28783257]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.632393] [PMID: 33708807]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.016] [PMID: 35339453]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003777] [PMID: 24039610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.003] [PMID: 26052092]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.017] [PMID: 32131039]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0394632016686985] [PMID: 28134598]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12931-018-0962-1] [PMID: 30611252]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.006] [PMID: 29653267]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.11334] [PMID: 27542248]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.08.017] [PMID: 24035497]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12213] [PMID: 34498800]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2959] [PMID: 25664725]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.012] [PMID: 29378234]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0571-3] [PMID: 25583365]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1583] [PMID: 31883233]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.359] [PMID: 21964070]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.002] [PMID: 34365033]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.21299] [PMID: 29158818]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.193870] [PMID: 19644050]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.11.001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.021] [PMID: 31325635]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0217-194a] [PMID: 28170000]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2017.31]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.318364] [PMID: 34261347]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep16435] [PMID: 26553571]
[PMID: 26873092]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12429] [PMID: 27539542]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.019]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.1145]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.064] [PMID: 28946214]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.12709] [PMID: 31369204]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.657544] [PMID: 34307490]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00530] [PMID: 32547599]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.028] [PMID: 31048182]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.2019.4865] [PMID: 31804889]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.262589] [PMID: 31397348]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.067] [PMID: 32736703]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.006] [PMID: 31103880]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.15150] [PMID: 32155686]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12030418] [PMID: 33799408]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.101541] [PMID: 30187887]
[PMID: 31814914]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-19-4728] [PMID: 32647666]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.201902507R] [PMID: 31999007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.2020.5662] [PMID: 33493415]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.830018] [PMID: 35095932]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-019-0595-9] [PMID: 31900142]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2021.108174] [PMID: 34764783]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.646832] [PMID: 33869307]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4873] [PMID: 33576448]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-020-03764-0] [PMID: 32500475]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-020-04035-8] [PMID: 33439448]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11883-015-0510-0] [PMID: 25876920]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.19353] [PMID: 28824721]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00899] [PMID: 32848851]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.025] [PMID: 30384259]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.012] [PMID: 31108165]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-020-03770-2] [PMID: 32524321]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.020] [PMID: 34552819]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13504] [PMID: 33844344]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118241] [PMID: 32791147]
[PMID: 33951697]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12146] [PMID: 33982782]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7954657] [PMID: 31885817]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306319] [PMID: 26377962]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.164] [PMID: 28571741]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3625] [PMID: 29693114]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.594793] [PMID: 33776760]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.041] [PMID: 30454897]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000001055] [PMID: 33990513]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000001143] [PMID: 34882114]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2021.106842] [PMID: 33592319]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118251] [PMID: 32795540]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/CH-211288] [PMID: 34842180]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2022.2039467] [PMID: 35212610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2022.2070582] [PMID: 35635088]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4703] [PMID: 32945389]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-20-0345] [PMID: 33162460]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2020.106782] [PMID: 32860985]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0044] [PMID: 33981849]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000000982] [PMID: 33818550]
[PMID: 33437365]
[PMID: 33336764]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2019-0031] [PMID: 31199889]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.069] [PMID: 30241943]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10011] [PMID: 30864721]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz141] [PMID: 30820544]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000001118] [PMID: 34321402]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01800-x] [PMID: 33526034]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.731890] [PMID: 34912856]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15266028211057086] [PMID: 35382622]