Abstract
An efficient strategy for the synthesis of pyrido[2,3-b]indoles through VCl3-catalyzed cascade cyclization reactions of N,N-dimethyl enaminones or chalcones with 2-(2-aminophenyl)- acetonitrile under mild reaction conditions was developed. This method features many advantages, such as readily available starting materials, good substrate, good functional group tolerance, and good yields. A plausible reaction mechanism was provided. Moreover, the high yields of N-unprotected substrates made this reaction system extremely advantageous with currently known methods.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b819925f] [PMID: 19847339]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)81023-1]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np9605246] [PMID: 9249972]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(97)00638-2]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo026012f] [PMID: 12354007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00768] [PMID: 32787097]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-014-1243-2]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.098] [PMID: 23031598]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b05343] [PMID: 29953229]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(98)00650-4]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03385] [PMID: 27966985]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00396] [PMID: 31459716]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.021]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01032] [PMID: 27267178]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00617] [PMID: 28378595]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.038] [PMID: 25499235]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112961] [PMID: 30428591]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2QO00318J]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03484] [PMID: 27936788]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.3284]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6OB00469E] [PMID: 27117399]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9OB02108F] [PMID: 31730146]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/cjoc202107028]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c00048] [PMID: 32090568]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152334]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11030-011-9339-9] [PMID: 22042610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2005.05.028]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(03)01564-8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00912] [PMID: 35442046]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00671] [PMID: 35302379]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201900652]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01581] [PMID: 34137270]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01301] [PMID: 34013729]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9GC01357A]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8CC06868B] [PMID: 30474656]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02975] [PMID: 27934360]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02431] [PMID: 34410137]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8GC03698E]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01468] [PMID: 35670516]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6CC02659A] [PMID: 27264102]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.202100633]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00751] [PMID: 33769063]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00710] [PMID: 33792341]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.202200089]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2QO00473A]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824999200714101420]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690828]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.030]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.028] [PMID: 29733999]